Anasankha Works. Anthology - ndichiyani?

Ndi akale kwambiri anayamba zopereka osiyana, zikuphatikizapo yaing'ono, ambiri epigraphic ndime ntchito za olemba osiyana. Izo ziyenera kuti m'kupita kwa mbiri, m'buku lino osati a ntchito mabuku, komanso Mwachitsanzo, nyimbo, mafilimu, ndi zina zotero. D. Iwo ankatchedwa anthologies. Zina zofanana ndi anthu a pamanja ndi zipangizo paradigmatic. ndi tanthauzo la mawu "anthology" n'chiyani?

terminology

Lingaliro ali mizu Greek. Kodi mawu akuti "anthology"? Yomasulira ku Greek - "maluwa", "mitundu zosonkhanitsira". Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti, kuwonjezera pa ndakatulo, aphorisms anasonkhana kapena maxims ntchito zina anasankha. Kale anali anthology wotchuka wa maganizo. Ndi kupyolera mapale amenewa lero tikudziwa mawu ambiri anzeru. Amene poyamba anthology linapangidwa? Ndi chiyani icho m'lingaliro ano? Tiyeni tione nkhani imeneyi.

nkhani

Pamene anthology poyamba linapangidwa? Kodi izo, ife zafotokozedwa pamwamba, ndipo tsopano kupereka kaye mbiri. The kompayila woyamba wa chopereka anakhala Meleager ku Syria. Iwo analembedwa 60 chaka BC. e. Mwa olemba akale akhoza otchulidwa wa Philippe wa Thessaloníki, Straton wa Sarde ndi Diogeniana wa Hercules. Komabe, zopereka zonsezi, ankavala maina osiyana ndiribe waliteteza. Chibwenzi anabwera msonkhano ina. Mwachitsanzo, chidwi anthology (icho chiri, nzeru ena mukudziwa bwino ndi nthawi kuti) unalembedwa cha m'ma 10 Konstantinom Kefalom. Constantine ntchito zotolera anzake amene analipo m'mbuyomo. Makamaka ntchito za Agatha. Zosonkhanitsira zotsatirazi linapangidwa Maksimom Planudom. Akatswiri ambiri azindikira mfundo pamene anaphunzira anthology izi, ndi mndandanda wa zoipa kwenikweni. Iwo Komabe, anaphatikizapo angapo epigrams chidwi, amene anali a zosemasema. Kutchuka kwambiri anafika ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo choyamba, analemba ndi John Lascaris. Kenako anthology anali tinalisindikizanso kangapo. Wa zosinthika onse alipo yekha yachiwiriyi angandisindikizirenso. Zinali Henry Stepan. Pakuti anthology ichi, wolemba wagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira.

Anthologia inedita

Mu 1606, ku Heidelberg laibulale Salmazy anapeza wotsalayo buku anthologies mndandanda analemba Konstantinom Kefalom, ndipo poyerekeza ndi magulu Planuda. Popeza kwalembedwa onse a ndakatulo woyamba, umene sunali wachiwiri, zinali latsopano pamanja. Komabe, mankhwala sizinatero, komanso zoona, buku d'Orville. Pa zaka makumi atatu nkhondo, zolembedwa anagwidwa Rome, ndiyeno - mu Paris (mu nthawi ya nkhondo chosintha). Mu 1816, atabwerera ku anthology wa Heidelberg. Panthawi imeneyi, kangapo lofalitsidwa ochokera m'chigawo mu mfundo kapena zonse pansi pa mutu Anthologia inedita.

mipukutu yakale

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zinthu zonse yawonjezedwa kenako idyll alakatuli epigrams, zidutswa za ntchito zopezeka mu zolemba zosiyanasiyana ndi mabuku, linasindikizidwa mu 1776 Brunkov. Ndiye mpukutu unalembedwa Jacobs ndi ena zosiyidwa ndi mafotokozedwe. Potsatira wolemba yomweyo anakonza msonkhano wachiwiri pa maziko a anapanga 1776 mu makope Rome. Monga mbali ya anthology izi apereke chopereka Constantine Kefala ndi Ufumuyo Planuda epigrams. Pakuti kalata iyi mu zaka 1828-1829 iye anawonjezera enaake, achotsedwa pa njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, Welker. Mu Paris pa njira imeneyi ndi ndemanga ndi kutengerapo ku Latin Dyubnera (atafa kale akamaliza buku wachiwiri) mu 1864-1872 a. panali magazini atsopano. Ndime munthu anasankha amasuliridwe ku German.

Literature ena m'mayiko

Mu anthu kum'mawa ndi zopereka zambiri, amene ali zosiyanasiyana akupanga ntchito zake ndakatulo za thupi wolemba chomwecho, kapena mbali anasonkhana pa nkhani yeniyeni ya anthu olemba bwino kapena ndakatulo. Nthawi zambiri, likugwirizana ndi zolemba mbiri, zimene zalembedwa mu ndondomeko ya nthawi imene. The chakale kwambiri anthology ndi anthu a China. pamanja Izi lotchedwa "Shi Jing" ndipo ali mabuku ovomerezeka. Mlembi wake ankaona Confucius. Pang'ono anthological zopereka ali Chisansikiriti mabuku. Aarabu ulemu izi ndi watanthauzo. Kwa iwo, Ine ndiyenera kunena, mwambo kukhala zopereka osankhidwa ankadutsa Aperisiya. Nawonso msonkhano Persian ndi chitsanzo cha Hindu Muslim, Ottoman, Turkey inalembedwa.

zopereka zosiyanasiyana mavesi ntchito ndi otchuka ndi mbiri yakale kapena maphunziro nkhani.

Iwo ayenera kuti nthawi yathu, misonkhano izi analemba kuti Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi magulu osiyana zaka (mwachitsanzo, "Anthology mabuku Russian ana").

mipukutu Roma

Kuyenera ananena kuti pano palibe kuti deta Aroma. Drafting anthologies anayamba olemba nthawi ina. Mu ndondomeko ya adakokera zinthu chopereka chachikulu, amene anali m'ma 6 kapena kutenga akupanga ku zolemba pamanja ndi mabuku. The kompayila choyamba - Scala, ndi anthology lofalitsidwa mu 1573. Kenako, panaoneka ntchito angapo Pete. kalata iyi, linatuluka mu chaka 1590, Peter amatenga Burman (ml.). Iye adalenga pamanja, munali 1544 ntchito munthu ndakatulo. Kuwonjezapo ndi kuwongolera, izo tinalisindikizanso mu 1835 ndi Mayer. Mu 1869 Rees anali yatsopano yapadera msonkhano umene unali ndithu kwambiri ndi zotheka. Kotero, ife anafotokoza mwachidule mfundo "anthology" icho chiri, ndi amene anali olemba choyamba.