Anthu a kunyanja. Flora ndi zinyama Lakes

Nyanjayi ankaona kuti madzi posungira, amene anapanga pa dziko mu recess achilengedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi chatsekedwa beseni. Izi mapangidwe zachilengedwe tichipeza kama, wodzala ndi madzi m'mphepete awo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyanja. Kuonetsetsa amatunga tectonic ndi mitsinje, ndi ayezi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi Chigwa yokumba, phiri mwalephera. Gawo ili akutanthauza anachokera.

Features nyanja

Mosiyana ndi mitsinje matupi chilengedwe cha madzi si akavalidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo Usawasimbire m'nyanja. Chinthu china zoonekeratu ndizo amenewa awo osiyana. Choncho, nyanja kuya ndi Baikal. Pankhaniyi, ndi insipid mwamtheradi. Amazing mapangidwe zachilengedwe ndi Caspian (onani chithunzi) Lake. Malinga zikuchokera madzi mchere ofanana ndi nyanja. Poyamba, zinali ndi ya Caspian. Tsopano nyanja iyi. Kusintha pambuyo pa imfa ya mogwirizana ndi nyanja.

Gulu la nyanja madzi bwino ndi kaimidwe, zopatsa thanzi ali madzi zinthu zake, komanso zikuchokera awo.

Makamaka kwambiri. Pali zosiyanasiyana nyanja pansi zimachititsa chilumbachi, komanso zosiyanasiyana zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo samangokhala kulandira Madzi a mvula. Chakudya ndi mitsinje mobisa.

Map Russia ndi nyanja oposa mazana awiri zikwi. Pakati pawo ndi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse - ndi Caspian. Mu Russia pali kuya nyanja - Nyanja Baikal, komanso waukulu ku Europe - Onega ndi Ladoga.

Zimapezekanso

The nyama ndi zomera la nyanja ali zake khalidwe wapadera. Kwenikweni, amatunga achilengedwe kunyumba kwa ambiri oimira mitundu madzi oyera, komanso saltwater ochepa.

Organic anthu Nyanja tichipeza zigawo izi:

1. zomera. Ndi mndandanda wa zamoyo ang'ono amene ankangokhala anasamutsidwa ndi madzi.
2. Bentos. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zamoyo amene malo nthaka kapena pansi pa nyanja.
3. Nekton. The zamoyo mgulu lino zikukangalika kusuntha nyama za m'madzi.

Anthu a nyanja, monga ulamuliro, zili mbali zitatu zazikulu. The choyamba - ndi littoral. Imeneyi ndi mbali kuti kwathunthu chimakwirira zone m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chachiwiri - profundal. Izi m'dera kwambiri pa nyanja, womwenso pansi ndi pafupi ndi wosanjikiza amadzimadzi. Zoni lachitatu pelagic. Limafotokoza ena onse misa madzi.

Flora

Lakes osiyana zonal dongosolo m'nkhalango ya madzi ndi zomera m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chikhalidwe cha kusintha kwa zomera ndi kuya kuwonjezeka. Choncho, mu zoni osaya chimakhala chogwidwa ndi namsongole sedge. Iwo zili palibe mita chozama kupitirira imodzi kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo. Apa izo zikukula arrowhead ndi udzu, madzi buckwheat, komanso mitundu ina zomera madambo aakulu.

Ndi kukula akuya mamita awiri kapena atatu akuyamba zone mabango. Mderali amalima madzi horsetail, bango, komanso mitundu ina zina za zomera.

Pamakhala akadali zomera dera masamba akuyandama. Pano pali madzi kakombo (madzi kakombo), akuyandama pondweed, komanso kapisozi. Pa akuya mamita anayi kapena asanu ndi malo adalowetsedwa zomera. Zikuphatikizapo ezhegolovka ndi Urrutia, komanso yotakata-Ndalankhula pondweed.

nsomba Kodi moyo mu nyanja?

The zomera ndi matupi yosiyanasiyana ya madzi. Nyanja angapezeke pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nsomba madzi oyera. Ambiri amakhala konko.

nsomba Kodi moyo mu nyanja? Mu zone ya littoral pali kutha Pike, nsomba ndi bullhead. Pali nsomba amakonda kukhala pa mozama. Zikuphatikizapo burbot ndi whitefish. Ndi anthu a nyanja Russian, tikukhala mu pelagic kumwamba. Ena nsomba amasamukira nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, carp m'chilimwe kupeza chakudya ndi pogona m'madzi woyendera nthambi littoral. M'nyengo yozizira, ukutsika mu zigawo pakatinakati panyanza. Iwo anatsatira ndi adani.

Nagawira m'magulu Lakers

Delimit Madamu zinyama njira okwanira. Anthu a kunyanja ankaona kudya zomera - izo smelt ndi whitefish, smelt ndi whitefish. Part nsomba amenewa akhoza zimachitika roach ndi ide ndi bream, Pike-nsomba ndi nsomba (ena kukhota mu ogwirira pa nthawi). Anthu a nyanja ndi pansi chakudya - chub ichi ndi carp, crucian carp, bream ndi ena. Air ndi chakudya m'mphepete mwa nyanja amakonda ndi yowawitsa mumapezeka nsomba, roach ndi ide. nsomba amakodwa tizilombo ku zouluka kapena kukwawa padziko madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo.

Flora ndi zinyama Lakes Ladoga ndi Onega

Olemera ndi osiyanasiyana achilengedwe dziko la nyanja yaikulu European. Iwo anapeza mitundu za zana ndi makumi awiri za zomera za m'madzi. Iwo umachokera m'bali ya mabango. Common mu madzi a nyanja ya buluu wobiriwira algae. Pankhaniyi, limene pali mitundu makumi asanu. Kuchuluka kwa tizilombo (kwa zikwi mazana atatu pa centimeter kiyubiki) mu nyanja limalola kudziletsa yoyeretsa ya madzi.
Zambiri matupi awa madzi ndi dziko la nsomba madzi oyera. Apa mungapeze nsomba ndi Ladoga legeni, roach ndi mumapezeka nsomba, mlamba ndi smelt, rudd ndi roach, Pike ndi burbot, ndi ena ambiri.

Baikal

pafupifupi sasiyana zomwe amakhala ndi yaing'ono kukula madzi mu nyanja yaikulu ndi kumalo osaya a nyama ndi zomera. Matope mphanga ngale ndi nkhono. zigawo madzi kusaka Pike ndi carp zosewera. Komabe, m'madera madzi ali ndi lalikulu kwambiri, zinthu kusintha kwambiri. Choncho, m'madera ena pansi pa nyanja lagona pa mtunda wa makilomita padziko theka la madzi pamwamba pake. Chonchi dziwe kwambiri ali zamoyo zake kwachilengedwenso. The gulu la zamoyo, zomwe m'mbuyomu apanga kumalo lakutali la madzi kuchokera kunja simukhala kubwezeretsa. Oyendayenda cinyama kufika kunyanja yekha ndi apano amene amalowa Mtsinje. Ndipo ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri pansi mphamvu.

okhala Baikal

M'nyanja zakuya mu dziko kunyumba kwa mitundu mazana asanu zomera ndi chikwi chimodzi mazana awiri - nyama. Ndipo pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi atatu pa zana a iwo lingapezeke mu Baikal madzi. Pakati pawo, lalikulu mphutsi mosabisa, ndi mtundu wofiira ndi lalanje, utoto mikwingwirima ndi flecks. Umapezeka nyanja ndi nsomba, okhoza kukhala pa kilometre mozama ndi zipolopolo nkhono ndi woonda kwambiri chifukwa chosowa mchere kashiamu mu madzi.
Nyanja ya Baikal kunyumba kwa chisindikizo madzi oyera. Izi ndi nyama wapadera kuti akufanana Arctic ringed chisindikizo.

Pa Baikal anthu madzi oyera ndi ntchito zikwizikwi za anthu. Mu theka lachiwiri la schenitsya yozizira nyama. Pa nthawi yomweyo umabweretsa ana imodzi kapena ziwiri. The Baikal chisindikizo ndi diver kwambiri amatha kuyenda pansi pa madzi kuti akuya mamita mazana awiri ndi kukhala pamenepo kwa mphindi mpaka makumi awiri.

nyama zing'onozing'ono

Baikal ndi kwawo kwa zamoyo losavuta zokhala ndi selo imodzi. chakudya chawo ndi mabakiteriya microalgae. Multicellular invertebrates on Lake Baikal anawagawa osiyanasiyana. Yotchuka kwambiri awa ndi Baikal epishura. Izi nkhanu zazing'ono okhala ndime madzi a nyanza. Choncho epishura bwino aisadza wanu Baikal kusefa madzi chipangizo ongokhala tsitsi ndi bristles, limene lili mouthparts lapansi.

Pamiyala Nyanja ndi nthaka malo a thonje. Mitundu ya nyama zosowa zokhala ziro. Atathana mzinda wa invertebrates yaing'ono, microalgae utoto mu mithunzi zosiyanasiyana wobiriwira. Nthawi zina mawonekedwe a Kolo akufanana nyanja matanthwe.

Pansi pa Baikal Magombe ndi osaya m'mphepete mwa nyanja mphutsi mitundu makumi asanu osiyanasiyana caddisflies. Kukula, anthu kusiya malo m'madzi.

zomera

Kodi nsomba zimapezeka Nyanja Baikal? Total mu madzi ake a mitundu makumi awiri. nambala imeneyi imaphatikizapo Baikal omul. Iye ndi membala wa banja la whitefish. Baikalsky omul anafotokoza kuti nsomba ndi nsomba ndi chinthu zida masewera. Kamakhala m'madera a otsetsereka m'madzi amene ali pa akuya mamita mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu.

Ngakhale ena nsomba m'nyanja Baikal Ndi mmene yekha am'derali madzi? Mwa anthu apadera, pali mitundu iwiri a m'banja la kuderako golomyankovyh (ang'ono ndi lalikulu kansomba). Ang'ono-kakulidwe nsomba (pang'ono kuposa zaka makumi awiri masentimita), amene amakhala pa kuya zosiyanasiyana za m'nyanja ndi chakudya epishura ndiponso nkhanu. Kansomba - chakudya cha zisindikizo ndi Arctic Cisco.

Lalikulu Baikal nsomba - ndi Nsombazi. Osati wolephera iye kukula ndi mumapezeka nsomba. Nsombazi, okhala mu nyanja kuya, kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia. Kutalika kwa moyo wake ndi zaka makumi asanu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye kupeza kulemera kwa makilogalamu zana ndi makumi atatu. Anthu nyanja ya Baikal - nsomba yaing'ono ndi invertebrates benthic - ndi chakudya chachikulu Nsombazi.