Apamwamba - ndi chiyani ichi? History ndi mitundu ya odyera

Pa mawu akuti "odyera" ndingaliro ya anthu ambiri amakoka zokongola chipinda chokongoletsedwa ndi wotsogola buku menyu, kutumikira bwino, zipangizo zabwino ndi zokoma, koma chakudya mtengo. Other yankho losavuta - ndi malo kumene inu mukhoza kudya. Ndi chiyani chomwe amayimira akuti?

Tanthauzo ndi chiyambi cha mawu

dikishonare imanena kuti odyera - ichi ndi kampani Catering, amene, monga ulamuliro, pali nyimbo Pop (moyo nyimbo) ndi zosangalatsa zina. Amagwira ntchito makamaka madzulo ndi usiku. Mu malo oterowo mukhoza kulawa mbale yekha ndi zakumwa - mtengo, koma khalidwe. Zimasonyezanso kuti odyera ndi Onetsetsani kuti mukufotokozera osiyanasiyana yaikulu ya makonda ndi kuwasindikiza zolengedwa zophikira.

Amachokera kwa odyera French, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "kuchepetsa" 'cholimbikitsa ". Choyamba ntchito mu XVIII atumwi, pamene otchedwa wina wa ku Paris. Ndipo dzina la bungwe anapereka alendo ngati amayamikira kwa mwini Boulanger, amene anayambitsa msuzi menyu zatu. Wazamalonda sumangopita yothandizana osiyanasiyana msuzi zokoma, izo ndi chizindikiro anapachikidwa pa chitseko, limene linalembedwa kuti "Bwerani kwa ine, ndipo Ine ndidzabwezeretsa inu."

Mbiri ya maonekedwe: panali malo oyamba kumene bwanji kukhala bizinesi?

Kuyambira nthawi zakale, alendo ndi malo odyera makamaka otchuka, koma mwa malo: a m'deralo anaganiza kuti unaffordable ndi zosafunika ndikungowononga ndalama.

The wamkulu odyera European lili Madrid - "Sobrino de A Botin." Iwo chinamasulidwa mu 1725, koma chosiyana ndi masiku ano. Apamwamba - ichi tsopano mabungwe amenewa, omwe kukonzekera ndi kutumikira chakudya ndi chizolowezi ntchito pa ndandanda yeniyeni. Kwa nthawi yoyamba bungwe ofanana anaonekera okha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII. ayambe izi mu malonda odyera anachita Bambo Beauvilliers. zokakamiza unakhazikitsidwa mu 1782 pansi pa dzina "Grand Taverne de A Londra".

Koma sitingathe kunena kuti anthu mu 1725, "Sobrino de A Botin" - malo wamkulu. Old, kapena kani, woyamba wa nthambi izi linatsegulidwa kumbuyo mu 1153 wotchedwa "Bukit Chicken House." Ndi ili mu mzinda Chinese wa Kaifeng. Tiyenera mfundo ina chidwi? The odyera ndi lotseguka ndi lero ali zaka zoposa 860!

The Russian odyera malonda anabwera ndi posachedwapa, mu chiyambi cha m'ma XIX. Poyamba anatulukira mtundu wa bungwe okha pa m'mahotela. woyamba anayamba kugwira ntchito monga mtumiki, amene anali atavala bwino ndi woyera, zosangalatsa pulogalamu bungwe unakhazikitsidwa zosiyanasiyana mindandanda yazakudya ndi atsimikize: Ndiye odyera woyamba "Asilavo Bazaar", wosiyana Catering ena onse chinamasulidwa mu Moscow. Choncho, pang'ono ndi pang'ono odyera "latsopano" ..Ndipo anamuyingitsa ku St. Petersburg ndi likulu la odyera "lakale". Koma apa pali chidwi cholemba: a caterers mkulu-kumapeto amene nzoyenera Russian. Nthawi zambiri eni anali a ku Germany ndi French.

Ndiye ulimi anayamba, ndipo pamene itatha, ambiri a odyera anatsekedwa olembedwa kuti "ziyeneretso." Koma pambuyo 1950 panali chitsitsimutso chawo mu Russia. Ngakhale perestroika ndi kugwa kwa Union analibe kumafooketsa pa malonda odyera, Komano, koposa masukulu payekha unayamba kuonekera.

Pang'onopang'ono kusanduka malo odyera. Izi ndi m'madera akutali, zimene zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri Chrixitu onse pa menyu akufuna, ndi njira maofesi processing.

Kodi khalidwe lokonda izi restaurateur nkhani?

mawu amachokera kwa restaurateur French ndi anamasuliridwa kuti "mwininyumba, mwini malo odyera." Ndipo kotero ndi munthu amene ali sikuti establishments network chimodzi. Mwachidule, ndi wazamalonda amene akufotokozera mfundo odyera, ndi zipangizo ntchito kwa ndalama zawo.

Kawirikawiri restaurateur ndi wophika, kapena kutenga pa ntchito zonse: akawunti, makasitomala, ndi china chirichonse. Ndipo nthawizina mosemphanitsa, pamene inaitanitsa bwana, kuyang'anira ntchito ya odyera chimodzi kapena zingapo, ndi wophika ndi wake timu, operekera zakudya, zachuma, okonza ndi chotsukira mbale.

Dziwani kuti kupambana chofunika kwambiri ophika ndi malo ambiri - phwando la Red Michelin nyenyezi. Amaona yapamwamba kwambiri mutu. Ku Ulaya, mosiyana Russia, ntchito aphunzitsidwe.

Mitundu ya odyera: nanga?

Tsopano kwambiri a Catering: odyera mowa, pubs, ochiritsira ndi luso malo omwera, odyera, mipiringidzo, mipiringidzo Grill, ndi zina zotero. Koma pali wamba mayiko gulu kuti ukugawa mabungwe a malinga ndi mmene bwino ndinaganiza menyu, kapangidwe mkati, zovala ndodo ndi ntchito zina.

Gawo ndi alendo:

1. "Lux". Izi ndi mtengo kwambiri ndi yapamwamba odyera, kwenikweni Kukhala malo omwera chochezera ndi kapamwamba ndi phwando chipinda. kalembedwe mkati tiyenera kutsatira dzina kosamalira. Monga ulamuliro, chilengedwe cha maofesi amenewa ndi mapulani pachibwenzi ndipo okonza. Ntchito mu odyera yekha odziwa bwino akatswiri, iwo apanga chitsanzo umodzi. Komanso mu chikhalidwe ndi ndodo udindo tikamachita zinthu zosangalatsa. Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi malo ogulitsira ritelo mungapezeko kugula maluwa kapena kwa alendo. Mu menyu, osachepera theka la osiyanasiyana lonse - ukatswiri.
2. Upper kalasi. The original mkati, kusankha ntchito, osiyanasiyana mbale ndi pulogalamu zosangalatsa madzulo.
3. Choyamba kalasi - zogwirizana mkati wopanda frills, nthawi zina zothandizira makasitomala, ndi kusankha osiyanasiyana mbale.

"Star" odyera:

• 1 nyenyezi (Maphunziro 4) - ayenera kukhala zimbudzi, nsalu za patebulo pa magome, mpweya ndi Kutentha, khitchini ndi firiji ndi madzi osiyana holo ndi 24 kasitomala 1 wantchito.
• nyenyezi 2 (kalasi 3) - zonena zonse monga kalasi la 4, 1 yekha wantchito 20 alendo. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa mafoloko ndi mipeni ndi ziwiya za kukhitchini.
• 3 nyenyezi (kalasi 2) - zonse zimene pamwamba + 1 kasitomala si zosakwana 1.5 m². munthu amene amatumikira anthu 15.
• 4 nyenyezi (1 kalasi) - mindandanda yazakudya akupezeka m'zinenero 2 kapena zambiri, wopanda malo ndi gulu la 2, woperekera zakudya ndi bwana - iliyonse alendo 5.
• nyenyezi 5 (kalasi apamwamba) - zonse zofunika kale anafotokoza, komanso apamwamba, mipando omasuka ndi mtengo wapatali. 5 alendo a malo woperekera zakudya ndi wachiwiri wake.

Ndi mtengo:

• Economy - 500-600 rubles.
• Business - 1500-2000 rubles, ayenera kukhala moyo music, menyu zikuphatikizapo angapo chakudya ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.
• kalasi yoyamba kapena Club - kuchokera mayuro 1000, kutumikira pa mlingo wapamwamba akutumikira chakudya high quality, vinyo mndandanda.

Malinga ndi sayansi:

• Gastronomic - amange mbale ndi vinyo wabwino.
• Wamba (wamba) - Kulibe menyu frills, vinyo mndandanda, mbale wa mankhwala theka-kusasanyiwa, anakonza kale.
• Bar (omwera, nyumba za alendo) - kusankha ka mbale ali ophweka kukonzekera, kudzikonda utumiki.
• Quick utumiki - anatumikira chakudya kale zii ndi operekera zakudya kumeneko.
• Kudya zakudya - utumiki mwamsanga, osiyanasiyana yaing'ono.
• Street chakudya - osachepera chakudya, liwiro lokonzekera, cheapness. Ntchito pa msewu.
• Chodyera - kusintha menyu malingana zakudya kudya lero mu firiji.
• Catering - Catering. Malipiro pasadakhale, ndi mbale asasanyika mu makilogalamu.

Restaurant zakudya - mwayi penyani oyang'anira zophika

Posachedwapa, chotero chilolezo danga Catering kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri. Restaurant khitchini wabwino kuti oyang'anira zophika kukonza chakudya choyenera pamaso pa alendo, umene makasitomala akhoza kuonanso bwino khalidwe la mbale osati kale kukonzekera, komanso mmene chikumbumtima maganizo kuti ntchito malo awo antchito.

Restaurant-bala - malo wangwiro okonda zakumwa zabwino

Childs, malo ano ndi pang'ono zina (VIP, phwando) ndi chipinda chimodzi chachikulu, zida ndi bala, kuphatikizapo osiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zakumwa, kuphatikizapo mndandanda vinyo kwambiri. Bala-odyera akhoza kukhala wamfupi. M'madera ena zambiri kutumikira pa kauntala, koma pali operekera zakudya.

Apamwamba okhazikika pophikira ndi zina dziko zakudya

N'kovuta kupeza mabungwe amenewa, amene akhoza kukonza chakudya chokha Kuwonjezera pa vuto ndi dziko yeniyeni. Kawirikawiri, ngakhale malo ndi Catering ndi kuperekedwa monga odyera Russian kapena Mwachitsanzo, Italy, menyu akadali zotheka kupeza goodies za dziko lina. Komabe, palinso anthu amene amatchedwa dziko.

A zambiri chakudya osiyana, aliyense anthu kwa zaka aliko anakwanitsa tikhale maphikidwe, amene sangapezekenso anapeza kwina kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, phala kwa Italy - ziri monga msuzi kwa Russian ndi masikono chifukwa Japan - monga yokazinga sausages kwa Germany. Ndipo dziko lirilonse mukhoza kupeza malo amene amakhazikika osati yokonza zakudya "nzika", ndi kusangalala kukoma ndi kupereka amasangalatsa zosiyanasiyana za anthu ena a dziko.

themed odyera

Kodi onse ochiritsira zomangidwa ndi mantha. Mwachitsanzo, malo odyera mu kalembedwe nkhalango kapena cafe French. M'madera ena yomwenso chitukuko pa tsiku menyu kalembedwe izo zinali makalata pakati pa nzika ndi ukatswiri. Komanso kulabadira njira yobweretsa chakudya. machesi kwambiri, ndi alendo chidwi kukhala ndi kudya pa malo oterowo. Mwachitsanzo, chipatala, malo odyera, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona chithunzi pansipa. Chirichonse kotero bwino ndinaganiza, kuti zikuwoneka ngati muli kwenikweni mu chipatala.

Koma "maluwa" onse. Ankalumidwa Japanese odyera ndi chokongoletsedwa mu kalembedwe Alcatraz m'ndende kuchipatala, lomwe likulamuliridwa ndi Chalk Nawonso anthu kudya pa magome, nditaima kuseri mipiringidzo. Soseji akutumikira mutu chidude. Ndipo Taiwan, odyera imene mipando ndi mbale mwa mawonekedwe a zimbudzi. Pano pali kulenga.

Apamwamba - cafe izi?

pali kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya mabungwe. Ndipo, mfundo, anthu ambiri kuzindikira kuti malo odyera - ndi olemekezeka ndi bwino kuposa cafe lapansi. Njira yoyamba amapereka alendo osiyanasiyana mbale, Pakati pali olimba, ndi zakumwa, makamaka yaikulu vinyo mndandanda. Mu cafe menyu laling'ono kwambiri, ndipo amasokoneza pansipa, komanso mitengo. Choncho amakonda kumvetsa kuti bungwe lina lakonzedwa kuti "mkulu" anthu, pamene winayo - kwa anthu ndi ndalama pafupifupi.