Apurikoti "ankakonda": malongosoledwe a zosiyanasiyana, makamaka chisamaliro, zokolola kwenikweni. Apurikoti kwa dela la mzinda

Chotero chikhalidwe, monga apurikoti, a mtundu Armeniaca Scop, zili m'gulu la subfamily maula. Ambiri mu dziko la mitundu thwelofu ya zipatso. Waukulu nakulitsa mitundu ndi Avulgaris, kapena apurikoti wamba.

zipatso wakhala wodziwika kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu zikwi zapitazo. Ku Ulaya anabweretsedwa kuchokera Armenia, ndipo izo zinachitika pafupi zaka mazana awiri zapitazo. Mu dziko lino, mmodzi wa anthu a Umutu ndi apurikoti. mtengo umatchedwanso "Chiameniya apulo". Mu dziko lathu, chikhalidwe ndi ambiri mu North Caucasus ndi Crimea.

Palibe munthu wotereyu, amene sakonda kudya zipatso monga apurikoti. Tree, yatcheredwa ndi chikasu pinkish zipatso Avulgaris, ndi maloto aliyense nyakulima. Waulemu ngati zikopa veleveti ndi yowutsa mudyo zonunkhira zamkati - zonse izi zimawapangitsa zipatso ankakonda ambiri apurikoti. Ndipo kuyambira ali mwana. Ndipo ngati kale ndi bzisapo akhoza kukhala wamkulu yekha m'madera kum'mwera, zaposachedwapa, obereketsa achoka mitundu chotero, chomwe bwino kulekerera zinthu ndi yozizira.

zambiri

apricots Hardy yomweyo ankakonda wamaluwa. Wotchuka kwambiri wa awa "red-anakumana", "Russian", "amphamvu", "ankakonda", "uchi", "snegirek" ndi "chikho." No Mbali zochepa zothandiza chikhalidwe ndi mphamvu yake kudzimvera kubereketsa zomera. Mkhalidwe umenewu ndi chitsimikizo cha zokolola kwambiri, ngakhale ndi apurikoti mtengo pa malo limodzi.

Nthawi kusasitsa, chikhalidwe ndi oyambirira, m'ma ndi mochedwa. Akatswiri amalangiza kukula m'munda wa mitundu angapo, zosiyana pa nkhani imeneyi. Kenako, pafupifupi nyengo lonse likhoza kukhala pa gome la apricots wokoma. The mitundu oyambirira ndi "Alyosha", "June", "leskore", "mfumu", "Sambursky oyambirira", "mgwirizano", "Melitopol oyambirira" ndi "mbali yochepa". Mid-ankaona "ofiira", "Goldrich", "obisika", "Altair", "Cossack", "Thunderbird", ndi zina zotero. D. Mwa mitundu mochedwa zikuphatikizapo "mphamvu", "Kiev Krasen», «kostyuzhensky", "wapadera Denisyuk "ndi apricots" amakonda. " Ambiri a iwo kukula bwino mu minda wakunja kwatawuni ndi kusangalatsa zokolola zawo.

Best apurikoti kwa dela la mzinda

Pakuti aliyense dera, muyenera kusankha mitundu yeniyeni chimene chingathe kupirira nyengo ya woyendera nthambi. Mwachitsanzo, kulima mu dela la mzinda zigwirizane kokha mitundu okhawo amene ali ndi mkulu yozizira hardiness ndi kulekerera frosts pano amene ali zachilendo pa nyengo yozizira. Apurikoti "ankakonda" yoimira gulu la cultivars ndi kupsa mochedwa, ruggedness osiyana ndi maonekedwe oyambirira a zipatso. zipatso zake ndi wofunika kwa kukoma kwawo kwambiri, kwa fungo kwambiri ndi maonekedwe abwino. Apurikoti "Okondeka" unayambitsidwa mu oyambirira 2000 ndi breeder Kramarenko. Woyambitsa wa zosiyanasiyana ndi waukulu botanical m'munda wa dziko. Mu 2004, chikhalidwe anaphatikizidwa State Register ya ku Central Region. Ndi kuweruza ndi ndemanga, ndi apurikoti kwambiri kwa dela la mzinda.

ikulongosola za zosiyanasiyana za

Izi bzisapo ndi a zolimbitsa mphamvu kukula. Kutalika kwa mbewu okhwima ukufika mamita atatu kapena anayi. Apurikoti "ankakonda" wa kupsa mochedwa ali korona sredneraskidistuyu. Iye nthambi mphukira pachaka, chonyezimira, popanda pubescence ndi kukhala bulauni mtundu. Makungwa pa mitengo ikuluikulu akulu pang'onopang'ono imvi bulauni wokutidwa ndi ming'alu kotenga. Zitsulo mbale mu mtundu umenewu apurikoti ali ndi mawonekedwe elongated, ndi wapadera kumapeto ndipo scalloped m'mbali. Phesi la mbewu woonda. Apurikoti mtengo mitundu "ankakonda" ali ndi maluwa woyera m'chaka, kukhala ndi kukula pafupifupi (m'mimba mwake ndipo masentimita atatu). Masamba pachimake pamaso masamba kuonekera.

Zipatso za apurikoti, amene kulemera n'kukwiya magalamu makumi atatu, ndithu lalikulu. Ali ndi mawonekedwe anamaliza, pamwamba m'goli ndi pubescence pang'ono. "Okondeka" Zipatso za mitundu apurikoti ndi lalanje mtundu ndi wofiira kutchulidwa. Iwo ndi zamkati yowala ndi yowutsa mudyo ndi wandiweyani kapangidwe. Fupa mwana wosabadwayo ndi laling'ono mokwanira, nthawi yomweyo mosavuta anapambulwa. Apurikoti "ankakonda", monga zanenedwa, ananena kuti samoplodnye, kotero palibe mungu zina chifukwa cha izo. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amalangiza: zabwino za n'kuwasanganiza naye kudzala mitundu monga "allele", "mfumu" kapena "obisika." Tikayang'ana ndemanga, izi Apurikoti kwa dela la mzinda kupsa bwino.

Ubwino, kuipa kalasi

Mndandanda wa makhalidwe abwino "okondedwa" tithe maonekedwe oyambirira choyamba. Komanso, izi kalasi mkulu chisanu kukana, kotheka kukula mu zikhalidwe za Moscow dera samoplodnye, ulaliki kwambiri ndi transportability wabwino.

Kuwonjezera ubwino, akatswiri anatchula zolephera zingapo, lomwe ndi mmene apurikoti "amakonda." Iwo - mochedwa yakucha nthawi, muyenera kudulira zonse ndi kupatulira korona, komanso kudalira kukoma ndi khalidwe la zipatso pa nyengo.

Zonse nthawi ndi malo ndegeyo

"Okondeka" ngati mitengo yambiri ya zipatso, kuwala ndi kutentha wachikondi zomera. Choncho, chodzala apurikoti mu nthaka lotseguka ayenera kuchitidwa mu kasupe oyambirira. M'nkhani ya mabusa awa ndi bwino kugwira ntchito kumayambiriro April. Kudzala Apurikoti mu nthawi ino zidzathandiza muzu bwino mmera, ndi chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mitengo chisanu yafupika yochepa. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha mbande danga akatswiri lotseguka pansi kulingalira zochepa yabwino.

Kuti apurikoti "ankakonda" samoplodnye bwinobwino anakula anapereka zokoma, ndi bwino kutenga kum'mwera kwa malo, kumene kumafika dzuwa. Mtengo umenewu zipatso zingabzalidwe monga yaminga pamodzi ndi pafupi ndi nyumba. Lamulo chachikulu ankafika ndi malo ayenera kutetezedwa mphepo ndi drafts.

Pakuti mofulumira kukhazikitsidwa Mitengo akhoza kukhala kumbali yakumpoto kutchinjiriza zishango zazing'ono, utoto woyera. nyumba oterowo bwino kuganizira dzuŵa ndi kuteteza zomera ndi kuzizira.

Apurikoti "ankakonda" mwangwiro kukulitsa bwinobwino zipatso m'madera okwera ndipo otsetsereka yaing'ono. Sayenera anabzala chikhalidwe mu otsika kapena malo kumene zonse osefukira. Mlingo wa pansi pa malo siziyenera upambana 3-4 m.

nthaka

Wokoma apurikoti mitundu mokwanira udzafunidwa zikuchokera zakudya ndi dongosolo nthaka. Kwa iwo, kuwala kwangwiro chonde m'nthaka - mchenga loam kapena loam dziko. The momwe akadakwanitsira acidity nthaka ayenera kukhala ndale kapena ofooka acidic ndi pH 6 mpaka 7. Choncho, nthaka ayenera pochitika ndi bwino madzi, ndi mpweya. Pakuti kulima mitundu ya apurikoti kumapeto si abwino mchenga kapena dothi m'madera.

Ngati chikhalidwe kuvala mvula omwa wakuda nthaka, mtengo sanabwere mpaka mochedwa mu nthawi ya fruiting, koma adzakupatsani kukolola osasamba ndi zochepa. Good "anansi" mitundu apurikoti amaonedwa kukhala wa thundu, ndi peyala akale ndi zokometsera ndi phulusa. "Okondeka" ali dongosolo yaikulu komanso chozama muzu, kotero m'madera zomera alipo, ndi zambiri nthawi zonse zabwino mizu.

Kusankha zomera

A wathanzi kubzala zakuthupi - Chofunika kwa kukhazikitsidwa bwino ndi chitukuko cha mtengo amphamvu. Apurikoti "Okondeka" zomwe zimadalira zokolola ku chikhalidwe ichi ayenera amakwaniritsa ena. Posankha mbande mu malo oyamba ayenera kulabadira chikhalidwe mwina nthambi ndi thunthu. Iwo ayenera kukhala yosalala, palibe kuwonongeka, kuvulala. Kukula mu dela zabwino kusankha ikamatera zinthu shtamboobrazovatelyah. Pa chitsa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ozizira zosagwira osati podprevayuschie chikhalidwe, monga maula, nthuza mapichesi, amondi ndipo, ndithudi, apurikoti. Choncho akatswiri kuonjezera chisanu kukana ndi kukana chilala mitundu. Zizindikiro yabwino ya bata ndi apurikoti chilala ndikamezetsanidwemo kuti amondi, pang'ono m'munsi - mu pichesi lapansi. Pogula mbande ayenera kumatsatira chitukuko cha dongosolo mizu. Pa mizu sayenera kuonongeka. Pamene izi zosavomerezeka pamaso pa mbali akufa kapena podmerzshie.

Pa mfundo imeneyi tikhoza kunena kuti bwino kugula mbande mu nurseries kapena masitolo zapaderazi. Mitengo zoperekedwa kwa amalonda payekha msika, sikuti nthawi zonse wabwino. Kubzala n'kofunika kusankha annuals kapena zomera biennial ndi dongosolo lotseguka kapena chatsekedwa mizu. Anthu mitengo, nurseries kuti kugulitsa lero muli, ndi bwino kwambiri mizu, ndi mwansanga kubwera mu kubala.

Kukonzekera kwa ankafika malo

Ndi bwino kuti agwire ntchito kukonzekera m'deralo chaka pamaso ankafika pa apurikoti wake. Mwachitsanzo, ndi ambiri osakwatiwa-chigawo phunziroli kuti ayenera kusasintha m'dera Moscow. Kuyamba chodzala anakumba dzenje ndi awiri a za makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi akuya masentimita mpaka makumi asanu. kukula kwake ndi bwino kwambiri pamene nthaka si malo wolemera zakudya. Nthawi zambiri, anthu osauka a dziko, koposa kukumba dzenje. pansi ladzala ndi ngalande dothi kukodzedwa, coarse miyala kapena njerwa wosweka. Kwa kudzaza mu yomanga akonze nthaka chisakanizo cha dongo, peat ndi mchenga mulingo ofanana. Anthu ambiri kumeneko komanso kuwonjezera mandimu kapena matabwa phulusa, galamu khumi - makumi awiri kompositi, superphosphate ndi mchere potaziyamu. Pamwamba dzenje ladzala ndi wosanjikiza phunziroli koyera.

Disembarkation: sitepe ndi sitepe kalozera

Pamaso kuika mbande mu nthaka, iwo ayenera kudula mizu kuonongeka ndi zouma. zosintha Cutoff kale kukonzedwa njira chofunika. Mizu ya mbande ayenera choviikidwa mu phala nthaka. Lifunika okonzeka nthawi yomweyo pamaso kubzala. Chifukwa chaichi, nthaka yachonde kuchepetsedwa mphamvu ndi madzi kusasinthika kirimu wandiweyani. Akatswiri amalangiza kuwonjezera IAA kwa osakaniza ndi mlingo wa magalamu 0.1 pa malita khumi madzi. chida ichi zingakudzutsireni mapangidwe mizu ndi kulimbikitsa bwino kukula kwa mitengo achinyamata.

Ndiye, mu dzenje okonzeka pansi ndi yaing'ono dothi chitunda. Pa mtunda wa masentimita khumi kuchokera pakati msomali kukhomerera. Mu likulu la ndegeyo dzenje aikidwa ndi sapling, amene mizu mokoma kulungamitsa pa phiri. Muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti muzu kolala anali kuposa mlingo pansi masentimita anayi sikisi.

Tulo dzenje mobisa, mmera ayenera nthawi logwedezeka kudzaza voids nthaka. nthaka ayenera mosamala kuponda pansi mwendo. Pambuyo pake, twayini ndi mmera amamangidwa ndi msomali ndi. Ndiye, dzenje ndi awiri a za makumi masentimita, ndipo pansi mayina pa konsekonse.

Kuthirira pambuyo mbewu kubzala ayenera malita makumi awiri a madzi ofunda koyera. Zitsime anali wouma pansi kuphimbira, tchipisi matabwa kapena peat. Mwezi woyamba mutabzala ayenera mosamala kuyan'ana nthaka chinyezi okhutira, Mulimonsemo, osalola kuyanika wa nthaka.

Apurikoti "ankakonda": mbali ya chisamaliro

Ngati mbewu ina, mbewu zipatso imafunanso njira yolondola kuti kulima. Only chisamaliro woyenera mitundu awa a apurikoti kulola nyakulima kukula m'dera ndi wamphamvu ndi wathanzi mtengo chaka zokondweretsa zambiri zokolola za zokoma khalidwe zipatso. Malamulo bwino ndiyo yake Machinery kudulira, feteleza, chitetezo ku tizirombo kapena matenda, ndi kumene, kuthirira yake. Wamaluwa ayenera kuwunika ukhondo malo pafupi mbiya, kuchotsa namsongole nthawi zonse ndipo nthawi vzryhlivaya nthaka.

kuthirira

Apurikoti "ankakonda" ali ndi amphamvu ndipo kwambiri mizu. Kotero angathe kutenga zofunika kwambiri kukula zachilendo chinyezi kuchokera zigawo m'munsi dothi. M'mikhalidwe yachibadwa nyengo, akatswiri amalangiza kuchita zinayi zikuluzikulu ulimi wothirira - mu April, May, mu July oyambirira ndi October.

Ulimi wothirira bwino ikuchitika ndi dongosolo kuwonjezera kapena mwa grooves annular. mlingo madzi mtengo pachaka malita khumi ndi asanu kapena makumi awiri osatha - Funani zidebe ziwiri zaka zitatu - .. atatu, etc. Pa chilichonse kuthirira ayenera moisten dziko lapansi akuya masentimita makumi atatu ndi makumi anai. Pambuyo aliyense kuphimbira ulimi wothirira dzenje la singano paini, dziko youma kapena tchipisi nkhuni.

kudulira

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa magawo waukulu mu chisamaliro cha mitengo ya zipatso monga apurikoti "amakonda." Kudulira zambiri imachitikira ku kasupe. Mu autumn, zikhoza kufooketsa mtengo, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira kapena mvula. Mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo anachita mapangidwe korona. kulibe-gawo mawonekedwe amasankhidwa zambiri. Pankhaniyi otraschivaniya anapitiriza nthambi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambirira kuti pa intervals wa masentimita makumi anai.

Chaka chotsatira pambuyo ankafika pa anadula nthambi zonse pa mlingo wa za wina mita kuchokera pansi. Poyamba adzafupikitsidwa anthu theka ili pa mzere waukulu. Ndiye, nthambi otsala tadulidwa kuti mphete cambial. M'chilimwe kuchotsedwa njira mochedwa sanali pachimake, ndi kukula pa makona pachimake.

M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo apurikoti opangidwa kuika gawo lachiwiri. Pa mlingo wa masentimita makumi ku woyamba nthambi anapanga njira yachiwiri. Pankhaniyi, nthambi yaing'ono annuals si kudula, ndi mphukira pachaka ndi kutalika masentimita makumi asanu ndi theka adzafupikitsidwa. Chaka chotsatira, mu njira yomweyo, gawo latsopano. Pambuyo kutsekedwa korona mapangidwe imagwiridwa puncturing mwaukhondo ndi kudula. Izi amachotsa nthambi youma ndi wosweka, ndi mphukira amene kukula vertically ndi mwakuya.

powonjezera kuvala

Manyowa apurikoti mitundu "ankakonda" ayenera kuyamba itatha yoyamba ya fruiting ake. Kudyetsa ayenera kuti chaka chilichonse. Mlingo chofunika lagawidwa pawiri: zoyambirira anawonjezera kuti nthaka kale mu kasupe oyambirira, ndipo chachiwiri pambuyo zokolola. Apurikoti feteleza organic ayenera kuperekedwa kamodzi kokha zaka zitatu. Feteleza ayenera anagawira wogawana pa pansi m'dera dzenje, ndiyeno kuwaza wosanjikiza dothi koyera kwa masentimita asanu ndi khumi.

Kukonzekera chikhalidwe yozizira

Kuti apurikoti mtengo sikuti amadwala otsika kutentha, chisanu ndi chisanu, m'pofunika kukonzekera pasadakhale kwa dzinja. Kuti tichite zimenezi, wodzala kodi makungwa yophukira amabisa ndi zapansi nthambi chigoba m'munda woyera kapena slaked laimu. Ndiye pafupi-wellbore gawo peat kuphimbira, kapena spruce utuchi wa nthambi spruce. Korona wa mitengo achinyamata zomangira twayini.

Ngati yozizira m'dera Mwachitsanzo, mu Moscow kuzizira, izo chofunika kupanga phirilo pa mtengo ndi munda pogona kapena spunbond, ndi tsinde aphimbidwa ndi mchenga kapena lapansi. Mulching akatswiri musati kulengeza ntchito udzu, udzu kapena masamba wagwa, komanso ubwenzi Sikuti ntchito waya kapena mankhwala ena zitsulo.

zokolola apurikoti

Monga tanenera kale, izi ndi mtundu wa maonekedwe oyambirira a zipatso. Iye akuyamba kubala zipatso mu chaka wachitatu kapena wachinayi mutabzala. Kusasitsa wa zipatso ambiri a zigawo za dziko lathu kumayambira August zimatha mpaka mapeto a September. Ngati pamene chilimwe inali ozizira ndi mvula nyengo, pali chiopsezo kuti ambiri a apricots ndi ukhala pa nthambi m'chigawo mwana. Zokolola avareji "Okondeka" aliyense zosiyanasiyana mtengo kwa khumi ndi makilogalamu makumi awiri ndi zitatu.

Zipatso mu firiji ziyenera kusungidwa mu mapepala a mapepala osayendetsedwa. Iwo amasungidwa bwino mu zida za pulasitiki. Muzochitika zotero, "wokondedwa" wa mitundu ya apurikoti kwa nthawi yaitali amakhala watsopano kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi atatu. Pa kutentha kuchokera ku zero kufika pamtunda umodzi ndi chinyezi cha 85-95%, chipatso chikhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku makumi atatu mpaka makumi anayi. Moyo wambiri wa alumali sulangizidwe, chifukwa panthawiyi mapangidwe a zamkati amayamba kutha.

Ndemanga

Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti lero wamaluwa ambiri pa chiwembu amakula apricot "wokondedwa". Ndemanga izi zikusonyeza kuti izi zosiyanasiyana ndi zabwino kuti zikule m'dera la Moscow. Pano, imatha kukula kukhala mtengo wamtengo wapatali, umene chilimwe chimapereka kukula mofulumira, pafupifupi, kufika mamita limodzi ndi theka. Monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa, apricot "wokondedwa" ndi modzichepetsa kwambiri. Ngati panthawi yake kulima zizindikiro zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mtengo udzapereka nthawi zonse zokolola, zokondweretsa eni ndi zipatso zake zokoma. Amapitirizabe kulekerera kutentha kwenikweni komanso ngakhale nyengo yozizira imapangitsa bwino.