Aristotle ndi mfundo: mfundo

Mawu "mfundo" amachokera ku logos Greek, ndi amene amatanthauza "Mau" "kulankhula", "Lingaliro", "maganizo" komanso "chiweruzo." Mfundo imeneyi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga njira wololera, analytic ndi zina zotero. Aristotle codified kudziwa za izi ndi kuwagawa sayansi. Iye amaphunzira njira maganizo chabwino ndi malamulo ake. Aristotle ndi mfundo - ndi chida chachikulu cha maganizo a munthu, amene amapereka chifaniziro chenicheni cha zenizeni ndi malamulo ake a malamulo waukulu mawu anzeru ndiponso simunataye kufunika kwake kwa tsiku lino.

Mitundu chachikulu cha kuganizira mfundo za Aristotle amaona chiweruzo, mfundo ndi maganizo. Lingaliro - ndi koyamba kugwirizana yosavuta wamaganizo, kunyezimiritsa katundu zikuluzikulu ndi makhalidwe a zinthu. chiweruzo zikutanthauza negation cha ubale pakati pa muyezo ndi kukondweretsa chinthu yokha. Ndi kumasulira amatanthauza ovuta kwambiri lochititsa mtundu umene unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a apeza ndi kusanthula.

mfundo Aristotle lakonzedwa kuti amaphunzitsa ntchito mfundo ndi kusanthula ndi ichi onse a mitundu imeneyi kuyenela kukhala kwachilungamo. Chinthu limapereka tanthauzo la mfundo ndi chiweruzo - umboni. Choncho, mtima ndi umboni wa akale nzeru zapamwamba Greek sankaoneka ngati mavuto zikuluzikulu za sayansi awo.

maziko ongolankhula anaikidwa mu Mfundo za sayansi, ndi nkhani ya chilango, chimene zafotokozedwa Aristotle yekha. Nzeru kunasonyeza udindo wake nthanthi iye. Iye wakhalanso anakonza ndi malamulo zomveka: dzina, sanali kutsutsana ndi pakati mulibemo. Woyamba akuti n'komwe pa nthawi ya mapeto a mkangano ayenera kukhala zofanana yokha, ndi, maganizo zili ayenera sasinthidwa mu ndondomekoyi. Lamulo lachiwiri sanali kutsutsana ndi ena maganizo lotsutsa sayenera kukhala oona pa nthawi yomweyo, mmodzi wa iwo ayenera kukhala wabodza. The bwino kuti achotse lachitatu muli lingaliro kuti chiweruzo wapawiri onse sangakhale cholakwika, mmodzi wa iwo ali nthawizonse owona. Komanso, logic Aristotle inkakhala njira kufala kwa chidziŵitso. Mfundo zake ndi kuti payekha ayenera kukhala mwa okwana, ndipo ndi chibadidwe chikhalidwe cha zinthu. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo chikumbumtima anthu ali ndi lingaliro lotsutsa, kuti tikwaniritse chidziwitso kwathunthu ndi zotheka ndi chidziwitso cha ziwalo.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti chiphunzitso Aristotle anali chuma ndi dialectical view kugwirizana pakati chinenero ndi maganizo athu. Mosiyana Plato, amene analankhula za amalingalira popanda zidindo tanthauzo ndi mawu, Aristotle ankakhulupirira kuti n'zosatheka ndikuganiza popanda kumverera. Iye anali kudziona udindo womwewo maganizo, chifukwa kukhudzana ndi chenicheni cha nzeru zofunika musakhudze umenewo, ngati chinsalu kanthu, alibe malingaliro titadziwa, koma kukonza iwo kudzera maganizo. Malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba, iwo ayamba izi kudziwa njira ndi njira yake ya abstraction, ndikupeza zizindikiro wamba wabwinobwino akumaliza mfundo.