Abelyar Per. Medieval French nzeru zapamwamba, ndakatulo ndi woimba

Abelyar Per (1079 - 1142) - kwambiri wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba wa Ages Middle - anapita mu mbiri monga mphunzitsi akuzindikiridwa ndi Mlangizi, amene anali maganizo awo pa nzeru kuti ndi mwapadera ndi enawo. moyo wake kunali kovuta osati chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso ambiri amavomereza; yaikulu yakuthupi mavuto anabweretsa Pierre chikondi: weniweni, mothandizana ndi oona. A chilankhulo amoyo ndi zomveka mawu nzeru zapamwamba anafotokoza mmene moyo wake mwakhama ntchito autobiographical "Mbiri ya ndifotokoze mavuto anga."

Chiyambi cha njira yovuta

Alimba mtima kwa m'badwo woyambirira kufuna kudziwa, Pierre anakana cholowa mu mtima wa banja, muli kutali ntchito yapamwamba ya usilikali, kupereka yekha kwathunthu kwa maphunziro.

Pambuyo kuphunzitsa Abelyar Per anasamukira ku Paris, komwe anayamba kuphunzitsa m'munda wa zachipembedzo komanso nzeru chomwe pambuyo udachita iye kuzindikira ndi kutchuka mwaluso dialectic. Mu nkhani yake, ananyamuka mawu osavuta kaso, anthu lidasonkhana kuchokera konsekonse Europe.

Abelard anali kulemba kwambiri komanso kuwerenga munthu, bwino ntchito za Aristotle, Plato, Cicero.

Pophatikiza maganizo a aphunzitsi awo - kumbali ya machitidwe osiyanasiyana mfundo - Pierre zachitika dongosolo lake - conceptualism (chinachake pafupifupi pakati nominalism ndi Kuzindikira), ndi mwapadera kwa malingaliro a Champeaux - French nzeru zapamwamba ndi lachinsinsi. Ankakana ndi Abelard Champeaux anali akhutire kuti yotsirizira ngakhale kumasintha mfundo zawo, ndipo anayamba nsanje Pierre kutchuka ndi muidani analumbira - mmodzi wa ambiri.

Per Abelyar: chiphunzitso

Pierre m'mabuku ake wolungama kotani pakati pa chikhulupiriro ndi chifukwa ankaona otsiriza. Malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba, mwamuna sayenera kukhulupirira mwakhungu, chifukwa chakuti analandira anthu a. chiphunzitso Pierre Abelard ndi chikhulupiriro ayenera kukhala rationally wolungamitsidwa ndi kusintha munthu wina - zanzeru - amatha okha otshlifovyvaya kudziwa alipo mwa dialectics. Chikhulupiriro ndicho kopanda yekha za zinthu zimene palibe mmene anthu. Mu mankhwala "Inde komanso ayi," Per Abelyar, mwachidule kuyerekeza m'Baibulo makoti ochokera m'mabuku a ansembe, kusanthula maganizo a m'mbuyomu, ndipo supeza kusatsatira mu mawu amayendetsa galimoto. Ndipo amatulutsa sitikuzidziwa ena mbalume mpingo ndi ziphunzitso. Komabe, Abelyar Per mosakayikira chakudya chachikulu cha Chikhristu; anangowauza adawatengera ndi kuloŵerera sadziwa. Ndipotu, kusadziwa za Lemba pamodzi tizikhulupirira ndi wofanana ndi khalidwe la bulu amene samamvetsa dontho limodzi lokha mu nyimbo, koma kuyesetsa kuchotsa chida cha nyimbo wokongola.

nzeru Abelard mu mitima ya anthu ambiri

Per Abelyar, ndi nzeru zomwe wapeza malo m'mitima ya anthu ambiri amene si kuwawa pa kudzichepetsa zimabwezera poyera anadzitcha yekha katswiri wa chinachake ataima dziko. iye anali munthu wamkulu nthawi yake: anakonda akazi ndi aziyamikiridwa ndi anthu. Abelard alandire ulemerero reveled yonse.

Ntchito yaikulu nzeru zapamwamba French ndi "inde ndi ayi", "kukambirana pakati pa nzeru zapamwamba ndi Mkhristu Myuda", "Kudziwa wekha", "zachikhristu".

Pierre ndi Eloise

Komabe, ambiri pa ulemerero wa Peter Abelard sizithandiza nkhani ndi mbiri chikondi, zinachititsa chikondi cha moyo wake ndipo anakhala chifukwa cha chochitika mu kusakondwa m'tsogolo. Osankhidwa nzeru zapamwamba mwadzidzidzi iye anali wokongola Heloise, amene anali zaka 20 wocheperapo Pierre. Seventini chaka chimodzi mtsikana anali wamasiye, ndipo analeredwa m'nyumba ya amalume ake ovomerezeka Fulbera osati chayavshego mu moyo wake.

Mu chotero wamng'ono Eloise anali precocious kulemba ndi kulankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana (Latin, Chiheberi). Pierre, amene anaitanidwa kuphunzitsa Fulberom Eloise, anagwa mu chikondi ndi iye pakuwonana koyamba. Ndipo wophunzira wake anamusilira woganiza kwambiri ndi katswiri, doted mu umodzi wake wosankhidwa, ndipo anali wokonzeka kuchita chilichonse chifukwa munthu uyu anzeru ndi wokongola.

Per Abelyar: MBIRI chikondi ndi chisoni

Great nzeru zapamwamba mu nthawi chikondi anasonyeza komanso ndakatulo ndi kupeka nyimbo, ndipo analemba kuti wachinyamata wokongola chikondi songs, nthawi yomweyo anakhala otchuka.

Pa ubale okonda kudziwa zonse, koma Heloise poyera amadzitcha yekha akonda Pierre, sichikunditsutsa; M'malo mwake, iye anali onyadira iye ntchito, chifukwa anali iye wamasiye, Abelard akazi m'malo okongola ndi olemekezeka fawned pa mbali yake. Wokondedwa anatenga Eloise ku Brittany, kumene iye anabala mwana wamwamuna, amene anali banja anakakamizika kusiya maphunziro a alendo. mwana wawo, anali asanaonepo kachiwiri.

Kenako, Per Abelyar ndi Heloise mobisa anakwatira; ngati banja anapangidwa anthu, kuti Pierre sangakhale munthu wolemekezeka wauzimu ndi kumanga ntchito nzeru za anthu. Eloise, wolowa kwa kukula mwauzimu mwamuna ndi ntchito yake (m'malo moyo olemetsa ndi thewera mwana ndi ziwaya wosatha), anabisa banja lake ndi atabwerera ku nyumba ya amalume anati wokonda Pierre.

Kukwiyira Fulber sakanakhoza kubwera kwa mawu ndi kugwa makhalidwe mbumba yomwe usiku limodzi ndi omuthandizira ake analowa m'nyumba ya Abelard, pamene iye anali mtulo, womangidwa ndi wofulidwa. Zitatha izi nkhanza nkhanza thupi Pierre anapuma ku Abbey wa Saint-Denisskoe ndi Heloise anakhala Nuni kunyumba Arzhanteyskom. Zingatanthauze kuti chikondi lapansi ndi yochepa thupi, umene unatha zaka ziwiri, zinatha. Mu zenizeni, izo basi inasanduka siteji osiyana - ubwenzi wauzimu, osakhoza kunali anthu ambiri.

Limodzi ndi azamulungu

Atakhala kwa kanthawi seclusion, Abelyar Per adapitiriza lecturing, kupereka njira zopempha ambiri ophunzira. Komabe, mu nthawi iyi, iye anatenga kumenya azaumulungu chikale amene aona mu lonena "Mau oyamba Theology" n'zosiyana ndi zimene Mpingo malongosoledwe a chiphunzitso cha Utatu. Ichi chinali chifukwa mlandu mpatuko wa nzeru zapamwamba za; Sysytem unawotchedwa, ndi Abelard anamangidwa agulupa ya St .. Medard. Chotero chilango chaukali wachititsa kusakhutira kwambiri ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo French, olemekezeka, ambiri amene amaphunzira Abelard. Choncho Pierre kenako anapatsidwa chilolezo kuti abwerere ku St. Denisskoe Abbey. Koma ngakhale pali anasonyeza payekha, kufotokoza mfundo zawo maganizo, kuposa anakhumudwitsa mkwiyo wa ansembe. Akamanena za kusakhutira kwawo kunali kutsegulidwa kwa choonadi za anayambitsa woona wa Abbey ku. Malinga ndi Pierre Abelard, izo sizinali Dionisiy Areopagit - mwana wa mtumwi Paulo, ndipo ankakhala ku nthawi ina kwambiri, woyera wina. Kuyambira nzeru zapamwamba anakwiya Chimonko anathawa; Iye anapeza chitetezo m'chipululu khoka, pafupi Nogent, kumene adali - wotonthoza chopita choonadi, limodzi ndi mazana a ophunzira.

Pierre Abelard anayamba mazunzo watsopano, chifukwa omwe ankafuna kusiya France. Komabe, pa nthawi anasankhidwa abbot wa Saint-Zhildskogo obisika, kumene anakhala zaka 10. Eloise anamupatsa Parakletsky obisika; anasamuka ndi avirigo ake, ndi Pierre kuthandiza izo pa kayendetsedwe ka zochitika.

Mlandu zosokonezeka

Mu 1136, Pierre atabwerera ku Paris, komwe adayambanso wophunzitsa pa St. sukulu. Genevieve. chiphunzitso ndi Pierre Abelard anazindikira bwino sanapereke mpumulo kwa adani ake, makamaka Bernard wa Clairvaux. Wafilosofi linadzazanso kuzunzidwa. Kuyambira Pierre ntchito anasankhidwa makoti ndi izi, ndi thunthu chosiyana maganizo a anthu, zimene zinachititsa kuti atamunamizira yoyambiranso ya chisokonezo. Anasonkhana pa Cathedral wa Sens Bernard zinthu ngati wozenga mlandu, ngakhale mfundo zake anali ofooka zokwanira, ankaimba akuluakulu ntchito mphamvu, kuphatikizapo papa; Cathedral Abelard ananena wachisokonezo.

Abelard ndi Heloise: limodzi kumwamba

Akuzunzidwa Abelard anapereka pogona kwa Peter wolemekezeka - Abbot klyuinsky, choyamba Abbey wake, ndiyeno St. Markella obisika .. Pali wodwalayo kwa ufulu wa kuganiza wamaliza wake zovuta m'njira moyo; Iye anafa pa April 21 1142, pa zaka 63 zakubadwa. Eloise wake anamwalira pa 1164; linalinso zaka 63. banjali pamodzi mu Parakletskom Abbey. Pamene anawonongedwa, phulusa la Pierre Abelard ndi Heloise anali kuwapititsa ku Paris ku manda a Pere Lachaise. Mpaka lero, okonda zonse tombstone ali chokongoletsedwa ndi nkhata.