Atamwa Khansa M'magazi mu amphaka: zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti mankhwala amakono ali zambiri zothandiza za khansa zosiyanasiyana. Mwachibadwa, anthu mfundo imeneyi ochepa kusangalala, chifukwa umatiuza za kufala lonse khansa m'deralo. Komanso, matenda awa zambiri bwanji abale athu onse wamng'ono. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi khansa ya m'magazi mu amphaka (zizindikiro ndi mankhwala, chithunzi cha nyama odwala akhoza kuphunzira m'kupita kwa kuwerenga pepala), zimayambitsa imfa za ziweto. N'chifukwa chiyani matenda akufotokozera, mmene tingathandizire ziweto ndi zimene ali Zoneneratu?

khansa ndi chiyani?

Khansa - dzina lachiwiri la matenda funso. Iwo amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri chiwerengero cha magazi mwana maselo oyera. Kotero pali mtundu watsopano kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi ndi mapangidwe lymphoid ndi minofu myeloid kuti ndi khansa m'chilengedwe. khansa magazi amphaka amayamba ndi RNA HIV (retrovirus banja).

Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi makulitsidwe (nthawi pakati pa matenda ndi maonekedwe zizindikiro matenda) mu nkhani ya matenda motalika kokwanira (kwa miyezi 2 zaka 6). The insidiousness matendawa kwagona kuti nthawi zonse nyama zikuwoneka mwangwiro wathanzi, ngakhale luso popereka nyamayi khansa kachilombo ziweto zina, chitetezo chokwanira yafupika mpaka zifukwa zina.

Matendawa zambiri akuthamanga aakulu amakhala ndi magazi m'thupi, ascites ndi peritonitis, mitundu ina ya impso ndi chiwindi matenda, komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi khansa ya m'mawere (mu amphaka). M'pofunikanso kuwonjezera kuti zonse mtundu akhoza kukhala khansa ya m'magazi (ngakhale wokalamba kapena udindo zaumoyo).

Epizootology: Pantchito za matenda

Monga tanenera kale, wothandizila causative wa FeLV (nyamayi khansa HIV) ndi nthumwi za banja la retroviruses. Matendawa anapeza mu 1964 Scotland (University of Glasgow) ndi polojekiti amphaka zoweta ndi matenda a dongosolo lymphatic. Ngakhale maphunziro ambiri ndipo zatsopano, asayansi anali kuzilingalira momwe retroviruses amathandiza kuti zikamera a zotupa zilonda monga nyama. Mwa njira, nkhaniyi zatenganso mbali yofunika kwambiri kuphunzira retroviral syndrome immunodeficiency - AIDS.

Lymphoma - khansara wa ziweto, amene ankaona ambiri malignancies onse. Tikumbukenso kuti ndi etiology osiyana. Komanso, amphaka kachilombo ndi zochitika apamwamba kuposa mu uninfected (owonjezera nthawi 60-70), ndipo akufotokozera mu zaka 5 moyo. Mu amphaka, free ku HIV, matenda kumaonekera mu zaka pafupifupi 10.

Atamwa Khansa M'magazi mu amphaka: zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

Pa nthawi ya matenda, kuwonjezera kusintha m'thupi mu amphaka anati zizindikiro zina zamatenda, kuvala onse yeniyeni ndi nonspecific. Choncho, nyama yowola pali kuwonongeka kwambiri chikhalidwe cha ambiri, utachepa chitetezo chokwanira, kutopa, ndi wakuta yogwira chifukwa cha chimbudzi zosayenera, komanso mavuto mu ntchito za mtima ndi mkodzo. Mwa chiwerengero cha zizindikiro si yeniyeni, amene anatsagana ndi khansa ya m'magazi mu amphaka (zizindikiro ndi chithandizo anafotokoza mu chigawo chino), tisaiwale kuwonjezeka kwambiri mwanabele ndi mapangidwe zotupa ngakhale mu magawo mwadzidzidzi thupi. Komanso, nthawi zina, pali exophthalmia ndi muyeso yofunika kwambiri kukula chovomerezeka cha ndulu ndi chiwindi.

Monga khansa ankachitira mu amphaka? Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo lero sikutheka kukwaniritsa njira n'zomveka, chifukwa si koma njira ina Kupha matenda, ndi othandiza kwambiri. Komabe, asayansi anatulukira katemera, amene panopa akuyesedwa kuti efficacy kudzera zatsopano zasayansi. Mwatsoka, ngakhale mankhwala otchuka amakono ndi zotupa, monga ulamuliro, kodi sitingakumane kuchira mtheradi. Choncho, apeza katemera ndi chiyembekezo chokha cha kuwonongedwa kwa matenda a khansa Pet m'tsogolo.

Nyamayi khansa HIV ndi matenda okhudzana

Kodi Cofunika n'cakuti khansa ya akuti ndi magulu angapo a matenda, imene dongosolo, pali lalikulu la mitundu: thymic lymphosarcoma, lymphosarcoma angapo, alimentary lymphosarcoma, aakulu lymphocytic khansa, ndi ena. Nkhanizo mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu.

Komabe, mwamtheradi zinthu zonse amanenedwa ndi pamwamba zovuta Mbali wamba: kufunika kusalankhula kugawikana kwa maselo a dongosolo hemopoietic. Etiology matenda ndi chifukwa khansa tizilombo mu amphaka, panopa pamene zobvundukuka retrovirus nyama chamoyo. matenda m'magulu malinga pathogenesis wa magawo asanu ndi nthawi zina. Mwachitsanzo, pamene munthu amene okwanira m'thupi, matenda angathe kuthetsedwa mu masabata 6-8, Chofanana siteji wachiwiri kapena wachitatu. Wopitiriza kukhalapo kwa kachilombo mu thupi nyama pa sitepe wachinayi kapena wachisanu ndi zambiri zimachitika pambuyo masabata 4-6 pambuyo matenda. Nthawi zina, nthawi imeneyi kungakhale kwa masabata awiri.

thymic lymphosarcoma

Monga taonera, khansa tizilombo mu amphaka (zizindikiro zake zosiyanasiyana ndithu) ali mu dongosolo zinthu zambiri, Pakati ali ndi wapadera malo lymphosarcoma thymus. Mbali yofunika kwambiri pa matenda ndi zotupa lalikulu kwambiri mu mediastinum zapambuyo. Lymph mfundo kukhala akuluakulu Komabe, kufalikira kwa chotupa misa kuti mfundo zina pafupifupi inathetsedwa. Komanso, maselo salimbikitsa zingaoneke m'magazi ali osowa kwambiri.

Mu kuphunzira zizindikiro matenda amene ayende khansa mu amphaka (zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a pathologies zogwirizana) fomu iyi, kuunikila polemba kukula kwake chotupa mwa masabata awiri, kuchititsa kufupika kwa mpweya ndi wheezing ndi nkhanza kwa katundu khalidwe thupi. Komanso, pangakhale vuto Pomeza chifukwa psinjika a kholingo, komanso moyenera ndi kugunda ogontha. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti fomu iyi khansa ndi kawirikawiri mu amphaka zaka zapakati pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

lymphosarcoma angapo

Khansa mu amphaka (zizindikiro zafotokozedwa pamwambapa) ungadziwike mu mawonekedwe a lymphoma Mipikisano selo. Pankhaniyi n'koyenera mu ndondomeko pathological yokhudza zimakhala za thupi. Zilonda maselo lymphoid imvera kusalola, chifukwa cha zomwe kwambiri kuchuluka lymph mfundo. Komanso, owonjezera kukula kwa chikhalidwe amgwirizano. Komanso kuchuluka ndulu ndi zina chiwindi.

Mu lymphosarcoma angapo akugwirizira zolimbitsa magazi m'thupi (50 peresenti milandu). Koma kawirikawiri (20% milandu onse) zingaoneke mu mwazi wa maselo chotupa. Chithandizo khansa mu amphaka kachilombo lymphosarcoma angapo, anachita pokhapokha chitsimikiziro cha matenda (kudzera biopsy a mwanabele). Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti 60% ya milandu, opaleshoni ali ndi zotsatira zabwino. Matendawa zambiri zimakhudza nyama zaka mpaka zaka zinayi.

alimentary lymphosarcoma

Pankhani ya lymphosarcoma alimentary mtundu misa zilonda imakonzedwa mu mpanda wa dongosolo m'mimba. Komanso, iwo akhoza kufalitsa kwa mfundo ndi lymph ndi khalidwe mizenteralnogo. Kutupa zambiri localizes kwa wandiweyani, woonda, kapena cecum. Pasanathe ambiri, izo lili m'mimba kapena rectum. Kudziwika akakufunsani kusalola gawo lalikulu la intestine ndi chosowa kwambiri.

Mwa zizindikiro matenda a matenda otaya funso tisaiwale kwambiri kuwonda zambiri kumayambitsa matenda odana ndi chakudya. Ngati chotupa misa occludes Ndime za m'mimba ang'ono, ndi mwina kwathunthu aonekera kusanza. Koma m'mimba ndi pamene chotupa zachitika mu intestine yaing'ono kapena pansi pa m'njira akakufunsani. Komanso, pamene alimentary lymphosarcoma zambiri magazi m'thupi kutero. matenda n'kofunika pankhani ya amphaka zaka eyiti. Mayeso zotsatira za khansa tizilombo ndi abwino pafupifupi 30% ya milandu.

lymphocytic Khansa M'magazi

Mtundu wa lymphoma kugwirizana ndi padzuwa la chotupa misa ndi wofiira m'mafupa, kenako ndondomeko pathological nawo ndipo zimakhala ena hematogenous njira, amene umagwira ntchito bwino kuposa lymphogenous. Chifukwa, maselo a khansa zingaoneke osati m'thupi, komanso mu ndulu ndi chiwindi.

Pakati pa zogwirizana zizindikiro matenda ayenera kukhala si zochitika zenizeni ndithu: malungo likukulira, mphwayi ndi pa-kutopa, kutsogolera matenda odana ndi chakudya. matenda zikutsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito hematologic. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa magazi m'thupi, kufooka ndi koyenera imfa wathunthu kudya. Chifukwa cha thrombocytopenia, kukha magazi petechial zimachitika mwa khungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pa mucous. Komanso, pali zambiri splenomegaly ndi hepatomegaly. Koma ngati lymph mfundo kuwonjezera kukula khansa ya m'magazi ali osowa kwambiri. Mayeso kwa matenda ankaona mawonekedwe abwino ndi 60 peresenti ya milandu.

Khansa mu amphaka: matenda opatsirana anthu kapena ayi?

Ankaona HIV ambiri padziko lonse, koma chizolowezi chapadera cha maonekedwe ake (mwachitsanzo, malingana ndi nyengo) akhala sakudziwika. Komabe, matenda akuchita mwakhama m'madera pali loitanirana wapadera wa nyama pokhala kuti ali ndi matenda ambiri.

Kodi khansa ya m'magazi mu amphaka? HIV imafalikira kudzera malovu, ndowe kapena mkodzo. Komanso, pali milandu matenda mwa majeremusi ntchito (makamaka utitiri). Chofunika, ndi mphaka wamkulu angathe kupereka kachilombo mwa latuluka mbewu sanabadwe. Choncho, chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi tizilombo chamoyo unformed membala mu mphaka yogwira chulutsa zimawonedwa mu tonsils ndi lymph zimakhala za maselo a m'thupi, amene ndiye anapanga mu m'mafupa.

Ambiri eni baleen-wovulidwa nkhawa funso: "? Atamwa Khansa M'magazi mu amphaka kuwapereka kwa anthu, kapena chodabwitsa litachotsedwa" Mwamwayi, monga kutengerapo si zotheka HIV. Choncho, tiyenera kukana kukayikira ndi mantha, koma sichitha kuwayang'anira thanzi la ziweto zawo.

kupewa matenda

Chithandizo khansa mu amphaka - njira yovuta kwambiri, koma chinthu zomvetsa chisoni kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira bwino ndi Sutha. mndandanda wa miyeso kuteteza malowedwe a HIV m'thupi kotero Pet n'koyenera.

The njira yabwino kwambiri chitetezo ndi katemera. Mu Russia ambiri katemera "Leykotsel" ( "Pfizer"). Iwo induces wamphamvu m'thupi chitetezo pambuyo masabata atatu pambuyo utsogoleli. Zotsatira komanso kumatenga chaka chimodzi. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi Purevax FeLV (Merial), anayamba mu France.

Mwa miyeso ya makolo kuteteza matenda ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa kusamba nthawi ya zofunda chifukwa amphaka mu madzi otentha, komanso kusamba m'manja mokwanira pambuyo kukumana ndi nyama anthu ena matenda a ziweto zawo.

Pomaliza, zoyenerera kuona mfundo zosangalatsa za nyama tizilombo m'magazi:

• Akuti HIV kwambiri opatsirana, makamaka pankhani gulu la zamoyo. Izi pazikhalanso osati amphaka yosokera, komanso oimira Mitundu osankhika, limene pali nambala yaikulu nurseries. Choncho, matenda mulole osati nyama msewu, komanso kugulidwa ku breeder (a ndalama zambiri, malingaliro inu).
• Virus kulimbana ndi otsika, kotero disinfection wa malo n'kothandiza kwambiri polimbana naye. Ngati m'nyumba chifukwa cha matenda kale anapha mphaka, m'pofunika kupewa kupeza Pet latsopano ndi bwino mankhwala onse "mobisika" lakale amaikonda.
• Ngati nyumba ali kunyumba kwa mphaka mmodzi, tisaiwale kuti ngakhale pa nkhani ya matenda, sakhoza moyo kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo simukhala odwala, chifukwa nyama zina ndi asymptomatic onyamula HIV. Mu nkhani iyi, mphaka sayenera kukhala ndikukumana ndi nyama zina, kupewa kudetsedwa a anzawo. Khansa mu amphaka (zizindikiro, zithunzi nyama matenda anapereka m'nkhani) Nthawi zambiri chotchinga yaikulu mimba, chifukwa HIV mitanda ya latuluka. Komanso, amphaka angakhale m'thupi la mayi kupyolera mkaka.
• Monga taonera, matenda ukugwira ngozi yaikulu kwa amphaka yekha. Matenda anthu, kachilombo ankaona gulu kwathunthu zotheka kuti amatilola kuti achotse mantha onse ndi kupitiriza bwino kusamalira Pet.