Bathyscaphe - ndichiyani? kamangidwe

Ngati inu munayamba anaonera kanema wotchuka za gulu Cousteau m'madzi dziko, inu mwina koma kumbukirani zodabwitsa, monga ndege submersibles - bathyscaphe. Nanga chidwi bathyscaphe, zimene zikhoza ankafufuza mwa iye? Mothandizidwa ndi zotengera munthu akhoza kuyenda pansi pa madzi mu kuya kwa nyanja chifukwa kungophunzira zimene asayansi ndi chidziwitso cha m'nyanja yakuya zagadochnh.

The etymology dzina la

dzina lake bathyscaphe unkayenera Auguste Piccard - zatsopano, anatulukira makina. mawu lachokera ku peyala ya mawu achigiriki amene amatanthauza "chotengera" ndi "kwambiri". Mu 2018, a "Kwakuya bwato" chikondwerero chikumbutso ake 80th.

Kutulukira bathyscaphe

Piccard anatulukira galimoto pansi pa nyanja atangobadwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1948. Bathyscaphe bathysphere akalambula anali - submersibles mu mawonekedwe a mpira. Woyamba ngalawa imodzi yoteroyo kupangidwa mu America mu 30s zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi mwaluso kuyenda pansi pa madzi ndi yakuya mamita 1,000.

Mosiyana mini-boma ndi bathysphere ndi kuti kale amasamukira payekhapayekha mu ndime madzi. Ngakhale kayendedwe liwiro ndi otsika ndi mfundo 1-3, koma ndi wokwanira kuchita zida zawo sayansi ndi zomangamanga mavuto.

Pamaso nkhondo, Swiss ntchito pa zibaluni stratospheric, ndipo iye lingaliro kuchita ndi sitima m'madzi chipangizo ofanana pa mfundo za ndege monga airship ndi zibaluni. submersibles yekha m'malo kutukula chidebe, wodzala ndi gasi, ndi zibaluni ndi zinthu aliyense ali ndi osalimba ayenera kudzazidwa ndi zosakwana osalimba a madzi. Choncho, mfundo ya bathyscaphe ndi akukumbutsa zimatengedwa.

The bathyscaphe chipangizo

Komanso anakonza bathyscaphe zimene mpandadenga tiwolokere? Kamangidwe ka zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana bathyscaphes ofanana ndi mzake ndi zikuphatikizapo mmagawo awiri:

• thupi opepuka, kapena monga patchedwa - ndi zimatengedwa;
• cholimba nyumba, kapena otchedwa mpandadenga.

Cholinga cha zimatengedwa ndi - kusunga bathyscaphe pa kuya chofunika. Pakuti nyumba ili opepuka okonzeka makontena angapo fillable mankhwala ndi zosakwana kachulukidwe mchere madzi. Choyamba bathyscaphes wodzazidwa ndi mafuta, ndi ntchito masiku ano ali fillers ena - gulu zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.

zida Scientific, machitidwe osiyanasiyana kulamulira ndi mapulogalamu, bathyscaphe adalira anaika mkati alumikizana kuthamanga. Ozungulira nacelle poyamba zopangidwa ndi zitsulo.

Modern sitima zapamadzi ziwiya ndi thupi lamphamvu zopangidwa titaniyamu, zitsulo zotayidwa kapena zipangizo gulu. Iwo sali atengeke dzimbiri, ndipo akwaniritsa zofunikira kwa durability.

The madzi yowopsa ndi submersible chiyani?

The vuto lalikulu la submersibles ndi sitima zankhondo - yaikulu ukuwonjezeka madzi kuthamanga ndi akuya. Nyumba akakufinyani zolimba, ndi bathyscaphe locator wogawana plunges pansi.

Insufficiently wangwiro nyumba ya chotengera m'madzi akhoza olumala kapena kuonongeka, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti osefukira m'chombo ndi imfa ya zipangizo zodula kapena zapamwamba kafukufuku ndi imfa ya moyo. Sikokwanira khalidwe adapanga thandizo kachitidwe, mabatire, ambiri zamagetsi chipangizo, mankhwala ndi zipangizo thupi la psinjika pa kuya wamkulu kumaonjezera ngozi ya zinthu moto ndipo mwadzidzidzi.

Komanso mwayi zochepa mu review danga padziko wagawo ndi kuopseza bathyscaphe kugunda ndi miyala kapena mavuto ena. Locator submersibles uniformly plunging vertically mu ndime madzi, iwo sangathe nthawi zonse kudziwa chifukwa chikhalidwe cha kafalitsidwe mafunde lamayimbidwe mu sing'anga amadzimadzi.

Kotero kuti ubatizo wa chotengeracho - zovuta ndi udindo ntchito imene imafuna kusamala yake kukonzekera.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za bathyscaphe woyamba, mtundu wa makina, makhalidwe ake luso ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi.

bathyscaphes loyamba

The bathyscaphe choyamba, kungoti A. Piccard, dzina la "FNRS-2", anatumikira mu French yapamadzi, zaka 5 chinang'ambika pansi mu 1953. The filler mu zida izi ankagwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe nthawi 1.5 ang'onoang'ono kuposa kachulukidwe madzi.

Zashuga submersibles, monga aeronautics, wotchedwa nacelle, anali kuvundikira ozungulira ndi khoma makulidwe 90 mm. Izo zikhoza ndithu momasuka malo ogona anthu awiri.

The drawback waukulu FNRS-2 chinali zimaswa malo kulowa bathyscaphe. Iye anali mu gawo m'madzi a zida za. Fufuzani kusiya mpandadenga submersibles zinangokhala kukachitika kuti unit pa bolodi chonyamulira.

Chitsanzo chachiwiri chinali bathyscaphe FNRS-3. chipangizo wakhala ntchito pochita kafukufuku pa nyanja kuyambira 1953 mpaka ku 70s zaka mazana makumi awiri. Inasanduka owonetsera zakale sitimayo. Panopa FNRS-3 ili mu France, mu mzinda wa Toulon.

Ndi kuwerengetsera zomangamanga, makina, monga kuloŵedwa m'malo, akhoza kumizidwa kuti akuya makilomita 4. chotengeracho anali FNTS-2 chomwecho ndi dongosolo la nacelle, koma mwinamwake lachitsanzo anali kwambiri bwino.

makhalidwe luso

Bathyscaphes mibadwo yosiyana angayerekezedwe ndi thandizo la makhalidwe awo luso.

Bathyscaphe "Trieste"

The kwambiri otchuka pakati pa bathyscaphe, mtundu wa chiwiya mukhoza zina kumvetsa Dale? Pa "Trieste" m'chiyambi cha 1960 izo anapangidwa madzi oyamba pansi pa Mariana ngalande mu Pacific Ocean. Ntchito, codenamed "Project Nekton" US Navy imachitika mogwirizana ndi mwana wa zatsopano za bathyscaphe Jacques Piccard.

Ngakhale nyengo mafunde pa January 26, woyamba mu mbiri ya madzi anthu mamita 10,900. Anapeza yaikulu yotentha ndi ofufuza ku tsiku - pansi wa Mariana ngalande ndi moyo.

Bathyscaphe Deepsea Chalanger

Limeneli liyenera dzina la beseni pansi pa nyanja, anatchuka zokhalira mu March 2012, anakonza madzi akuya Dzheyms Kemeron. Mkulu filimu yotchuka March 26 kugunda pansi Challenger Nato - dzina lina la Mariana ngalande.

Iwo unali mbadwa chachinayi mu mfundo kuya kwa nyanja mu mbiri ya anthu ndi chidwi chifukwa anali kwambiri nthawi yambiri ndipo anachita ndi munthu mmodzi. Locator bathyscaphe uniformly plunging vertically mu kuya, Ine anafufuza pansi, ndi wotsogolera anakudzula kudzoza kwa kupitiriza Wazopeka Zasayansi kanema "Avatar."

locator bathyscaphe

Sonar - ndi locator bathyscaphe uniformly amayesa madzi mzati ndi kupeza pansi thanthwe ndi mavuto ena. Mwina chida yekha kuti amalola "kuona" kapena m'malo 'akumva' m'madzi. Locator bathyscaphe uniformly likumira kuti akuya Ndipotu, ndi makutu zida.

Nkhani bathyscaphe

Mu August 2005, pa gombe la Kamchatka chinachitika osefukira submersibles ndi Bulu la Chitaganya cha Russia. galimoto pansi pa nyanja ndi gulu la anthu asanu wagwidwa maukonde pa akuya 200 meters.

Tinafika pa zochitika kupulumutsidwa zombo, amene anayesa kusuntha bathyscaphe mu kuya ang'onoang'ono, ndiye kuti agwire kupulumutsidwa ntchito ndi zosiyana. Pambuyo zoyesayesa zinalephereka, amalinyero Russian akatulukire kwa anzake British.

Chirasha British olowa kupulumutsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito loboti pansi pa nyanja inatha bwinobwino, anthu onsewo anaonekera kupulumutsidwa ndi kubweretsa pamwamba bathyscaphe.