Bone minofu: mbali structural ndi ntchito

Bone minofu ndi osiyana yeniyeni mawotchi katundu wa nsalu akuthandiza amene wapangidwa ndi maselo fupa ndi wapadera wapakatikati. Kapangidwe zikuphatikizapo mungafike kolajeni CHIKWANGWANI (fupa masanjidwewo) ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana zochita kupanga. Komanso, fupa minofu ali lacunary-canalicular dongosolo ongokhala zopezera lacunae tosaoneka ndi canaliculi ndi kupereka intraosseous kagayidwe.

maselo Bone ndi a mitundu itatu: osteoclasts, osteoblasts ndi osteocytes. Osteoclasts - lalikulu multinucleated maselo chiyambi monocytic, kukula kwa amene akhoza kufika 190 microns. Maselo amenewa ali nawo resorption (chionongeko) mafupa ndi chichereŵechereŵe. Pansi kusinthika thupi ndi reparative fupa resorption, osteoclasts nawo. Osteoclast ntchito mwachindunji amadalira kuchuluka kwa timadzi parathyroid, chinawonjezeka kaphatikizidwe omwe kumatanthauza kutsegula kwa osteoclast ntchito, wopita ku chiwonongeko cha fupa.

Osteoblasts - ali wamng'ono polygonal maselo kyubu fupa kunachitika zigawo pamwamba pa fupa ndipo atazunguliridwa ndi woonda kolajeni microfibrils. Ntchito yaikulu ya osteoblasts ndi lithe extracellular masanjidwewo zigawo zikuluzikulu - fupa kolajeni ndi malamulo mineralization.

Osteocytes ndi imakonzedwa mu mipata ndi fusiform mnogootrostchatye maselo okhwima fupa, malamulo kagayidwe intraosseous.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya fupa minofu: coarse-fibered ndi tsamba. Akuluakulu, coarse-fibered fupa minofu ili mu mafupa a Chigaza ndi mafupa a mabacteria ya ubwenzi tendons, lili amorphous ndi disordered mitolo wandiweyani ulusi kolajeni. The zikuchokera lamellar fupa zikuphatikizapo fupa mbale wa makulidwe a 4-15 microns osteocytes, chinthu zikuluzikulu ndi woonda kolajeni ulusi.

Bone minofu, komanso ziwalo zina za thupi la munthu wadwala inflammations zosiyanasiyana, ndi matenda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kutupa akhoza anadzetsa izo kudzera m'magazi, mwachitsanzo. E. The njira hematogenous, kukachitika kuti wodwalayo purulent moto. Kutupa fupa minofu otchedwa osteomyelitis zinanso ziti zomwe zingakhale beriberi, zoopsa, kutopa, kuzirala ndi zina zotero. Malinga mwamphamvu ndi liwiro osteomyelitis kusiyanitsa mitundu aakulu, pachimake ndi subacute matendawa.

Chifukwa cha yaitali yotupa minofu fupa ndi mtima blockage ndi osauka makope (thrombosis). Choncho, mosatsata minofu zakudya fupa akuyamba kugwetsa mertvet ndipo monga Motero, pali necrosis (necrosis) ndi kuwonongedwa kwa minofu fupa. Komanso, pali kukana m'madera necrotic fupa ndi imfa ya kulankhulana ndi wathanzi fupa minofu, anapanga otchedwa sequesters.

The zifukwa akapha osteomyelitis (kutupa fupa minofu) ndi pyogenic mabakiteriya: streptococci, staphylococci ndi pneumococci, ndi matumbo, typhoid Bacillus ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ena. A zosiyanasiyana osteomyelitis ankaona matenda yotupa monga TB, fupa felon ndi mafupa.

Osteomyelitis chithandizo ndi kuwononga matenda ndi mankhwala, amene amasankhidwa payekha malingana ndi mtundu wa tizilombo. Mankhwala kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. M'masiku oyambirira a mankhwala atengedwa mu mawonekedwe mapiritsi, ngati masiku anayi palibe kusintha zimawonedwa, mankhwala chikuyendetsedwera m'nsinga kapena kupitiriza molunjika ku likulu la osteomyelitis.