"Borodino" Ndani ndinazilemba izo? Mbiri ya ndakatuloyi "Borodino"

Kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 mpaka tsopano ankaona kuti chitsanzo momveka bwino kuwuka kwa mzimu Russian dziko lawo, pamene kulimbana mliri mdani anaima anthu united, popanda magawano m'maudindo ndi anthu wotchuka.

Zochitika pa nkhondo yaikulu ndi asilikali a Napoleon, umene unachitika ku Moscow, anakhalabe kukumbukira anthu, mu zojambula aluso pa masamba a m'mabuku ndi mizere ndakatulo. The ndakatulo, amene ankaona yabwino, ndipo amatchedwa - "Borodino". Amene analemba nyimbo iyi okuluwika wakutemwa Russian anadziwika pa mwambo wa chikumbutso 25 la Nkhondo ya Borodino mu 1837.

Ndakatulo, Ofisala, patriot

Anali kuyembekezera moyo waufupi kwambiri moyo, koma chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa talente anapanga kugwedezeka, dzina lake ndiye - pakati pa geniuses wamkulu yemwe analemba Russian. Ndipo ndakatulo ndi prose analemba malemba nkhawa, moyo zaka ziwiri mtsogolo. Mihail Yurevich Lermontov anabadwa pa October 15 Moscow mu 1814.

mizu ndi Scottish njirayo, iye analemba kholo la Spanish fuko lomveka Francisco Lerma za m'ma XVII, koma ndaleredwa mu chilengedwe Russian ndi atolankhani ozungulira moona dziko chinenero chake Russian. Propensity mabuku ntchito, n'zosadabwitsa amalabadira chikhalidwe kukhala chofunika kuti kulemba talente Lermontov msanga zinadziwika mu Russian kuwerenga.

Pambuyo zoyesayesa atalephera kupeza maphunziro a ku yunivesite ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, kuthetsa mikangano ndi ndodo professorial, Lermontov maphunziro kusukulu ya ensigns alonda ndipo anayamba ntchito yake asilikali. Kenako, malinga ndi Maulendo a m'nthawi, anadziwika mu ntchito ya usilikali mu Caucasus, monga wolimba ndi skilful kapitawo.

Chikumbutso cha kukonda dziko lako nkhondo a 1812

Wamng'ono chi Nkhondoyo Napoleon anali kalambulabwalo lalikulu la Lermontov - Pushkin, amene kwa zaka achinyamata sanathe nawo nkhondo, koma anali kudziŵa zambiri za ngwazi za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Pakati pawo anali Decembrists, amene malingaliro kwakukulukulu alinso ndi Pushkin.

mkuntho Zimphona 'mu '12 "unazunguliridwa ndi Lermontov, m'badwo wa opindula Napoleon anatenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa anthu Russian, anthu ambiri ankadziwa panokha. Kuyambira ndili mwana, iye anamvetsera nkhani ya anamenyela nkhondo - wamba. Ndipo izo ziri pano zimene zimachokera mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Borodino" ndakatulo, wamkulu-amalume ake - Afanasiy Alekseevich Stolypin - nawo Nkhondo ya Borodino.

"Tandiuza, amalume ..."

Iye anali m'bale Elizavety Alekseevny Arsenevoy - agogo a ndakatulo iyi, amene kuchilemekeza Mikhail Yurevich, namuwukitsa ndi kuti m'kupita m'manda Lermontov mu malo ake pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo mu duel a. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kampeni Napoleonic Athanasius Stolypin anali mkulu zida zankhondo, iye anavulazidwa mu 1807 ku Prussia, pankhondo ya Borodino, kumenyana pa limodzi la madera yotentha - pa Shevardino redoubt. Munthu wotereyu Kutuzov ndi kupereka mikono golide - lupanga mawu akuti "Pakuti kulimbamtima". Captain Athanasios Stolypin nawo ndawala kunja wa asilikali Russian mu 1814 mpaka yosiya wake pa choipa ndinali kulemekezedwa mwa anzake.

Mikhail anali wamng'ono kuposa zaka 26, ndipo pakati pa iwo ndi mabwenzi kukulitsa ubale wa m'banja. Choncho, pamene iye anali mmodzi yemwe analemba ndakatulo "Borodino" amene analemba pa chiyambi cha Mkhristu: "Tandiuza, amalume," - ambiri, zinaonekeratu pamene iye anamva nkhani za masiku amenewo zoopsa, amene ndi zinachitika wa protagonist-owerenga ndi amene wolemba maadiresi.

"Munda wa Borodino"

Nthawi yoyamba kuitana a ndakatulo iyi nkhani ya Nkhondo ya Borodino chinachitika mu 1830, pamene analemba ndakatulo "Borodino Field." Kale anapeza zithunzi chidwi ndi kufananitsa, anakonza kutalika kuwunika msilikali ft, amene kuvala ndime ndi zigonjetso Petra Velikogo pa Poltava ndi zochuluka Suvorov asilikali. Koma kumene, wolemba ndakatulo chosiyanasiyana anakhudza pa zofunika za kukhazikitsa zikuluzikulu.

Ndakatulo choyamba, chipilala kuti ngwazi njira Borodino Lermontov analemba zaka 16. Kambirana mmene kudya mwamuna wake talente a ndakatulo iyi, n'zotheka kuti muganize anabwera nthawi ya chikumbutso 25 la nkhondo pafupi ndi mudzi wa Borodino, amene analemba buku yomaliza ya ndakatuloyi. Izi anapanga chizindikiro cha ndakatulo iyi, amene ali ndi katswiri weniweni wa versification.

chintchito anthu

The ndakatulo wotchuka za nkhondo ya 1812 chinali zotsatira za kulingalira kwambiri chifukwa cha njira ya chikumbutso 25 cha chiyambi cha nkhondo ndi Napoleon. Wolemba ndakatulo anafuna kufotokoza maganizo awo pa zimayambitsa chigonjetso, udindo wa anthu wamba amene anapanga kuwawa kwa mavuto nkhondo.

Ganizo zofunika, zomwe zinapatsira ndakatulo "Borodino", kwagona ankhondo Napoleon linagonjetsedwa osati khalidwe amphamvu Kutuzov, talente asilikali osati ndi nzeru akazembe wanzeru ndi akapitawo, mtima wawo ndi mtima, komanso chakuti ndi kuwukira yachilendo iye anakwera anthu onse, kuti msilikali Russian anali wolimba, kuposa tizilomboto kwa gulu lankhondo la Napoleon, kuti akumenyana mzimu wa asilikali Russian chinaonetsera mphamvu.

Ndipo ganizo ili sanathe, mbasowa anachita anthu a padera kukonda dziko lako chowala ndakatulo "Borodino". Amene analemba lyrics, wodzala zili mwauzimu, koma anapereka dziko lapansi ndi chinenero Kufikika, sanathe anamva.

msilikali nkhani

namatetule Lermontov opezeka mawonekedwe zodabwitsa za ofotokozera za umodzi wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri Russian - usilikali ndipo ndale. Nkhani ya kukula yaikulu kwambiri nthawi yoyamba ya nkhondo, mthunzi, za momwe kopilas kudana mdani, ikuchitika m'malo mwa msilikali wamba mu zinenero yosavuta mtima m'njira ambiri amalankhula.

chilankhulo limafotokoza zochitika okangamirawo pa munda wa Borodino: chosasangalatsa kudikira nkhondo, kuukira aukali, kulimba mtima wakulungama na anyankhondo na atsogoleri ndi imabwera mbali zonse. Kumva ulaliki wa zochitika kokha chinatsimikizira choonadi kwa nkhaniyi, amapereka mwambowo ndi tanthauzo lapadera.

About kwawo, za mtima, za ulemerero

Russian msilikali kamodzinso adayenera kupita kunja ku munda wa Borodino kutetezera likulu kwa mdani. Mu 1941, kamodzinso adawomba pempho lakuti: "Anyamata satero ee Moscow kwa ife!" - ndipo aliyense ankadziwa yemwe analemba ndakatulo "Borodino". Ndipotu yekha wanzeru, ndi patriot koona kulenga mzere wa chilungamo ndi mphamvu. Kuti anali Mihail Yurevich Lermontov.