Bowa edible ndi bowa poyizoni - mmene kuzindikira? The mitundu ikuluikulu ya bowa poyizoni

Ndi isanayambike nyengo bowa okonda 'chete kukasaka "khamu ku nkhalango. Nkhani yosangalatsayi kutenga kwambiri zosangalatsa chokha, malinga munthu amatha kudziwa bowa edible ndi poyizoni.

bowa chubu

Iwo amadziŵika chipewa ndi zazikulu bwino, tubular wosanjikiza m'munsi omwe pa kusasitsa wa bowa mosavuta anapambulwa therefrom. gulu izi zikuphatikiza bowa zonse bwino paubwana Aspen, boletus, bowa, nsonga zamabele, ndi zina zotero D.. Pakati pawo pali zingapo sanali edible bowa (tsabola, ndulu), omwe m'malo zosasangalatsa kulawa zowawa, kotero, amafuna yokonza asanadye. Opusa pickers bowa akhoza Usaope kusokoneza bowa tubular chakupha ndi edible, T. Kwa. Pafupifupi onsewo ndi wofunika kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi.

N'kupanga kudalirana yekha ndi mitundu ina mtengo, mamembala a gulu kukula makamaka nkhalango ndi m'mapaki.

thewera

Zili kulikonse, mwachitsanzo. A. kwambiri undemanding kwa zinthu aliyense ndi dothi. Ndipo kukula mu nkhalango ndi mu malo lotseguka. The mbali lamkati la zisoti bowa yokutidwa bwino kutchulidwa mbale zozungulira munali spore mwankhanza wosanjikiza.

Cylindrical mphako mwendo imakhala ulusi filamentary, mwamphamvu pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zina n'zotheka kuona mphete chokhala ngati frill. Izi zotsalira filimu yomwe imaphimba mmunsi mwa kapu mu achinyamata zipatso thupi ndi monga kukula kumathera, nakhala pa tsinde la.

A yaikulu zosiyanasiyana bowa mbale osiyana. Edible ndi chakupha amasiyana mzake ndi zizindikiro zakunja koma novice pickers bowa koma nthawi zambiri osokonezeka.

Ngati palibe ndithu kuti bowa si poizoni, ndi bwino kuisiya. mfundo ndi yakuti pakati pa mbale wa bowa ambiri wakupha. Wotchuka wa iwo - wotumbululuka toadstool ndi bowa. bowa awa, parasitic pa mitengo, akhoza kuwononga ngakhale matabwa. Ingestion wotumbululuka toadstools mu kuchuluka kwa 1 mg pa 10 makilogalamu misa thupi kungachititse imfa.

Bowa amaonedwa mbale ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Zikuphatikizapo bowa, bowa, volnushki, akuti, russula ndi ena ambiri. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo kukoma iwo akhala amalemekezedwa kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu mu zopereka - athe kusiyanitsa bowa edible ndi bowa poyizoni. Izi zingathandize kupewa chilichonse zosasangalatsa zokhudzana ndi poyizoni.

bowa ambulera

Ichi ndi ena otchuka edible bowa mbale, mawonekedwe a omwe akufanana ambulera, choncho dzina. Ponseponse m'maiko ambiri (Europe ndi ku Asia, Australia, America), tiyenera mwapadera. Mu Russia, angapezeke kulikonse - mu East ndiponso ku Siberia, m'madera kum'mwera ndi kumpoto. bowa ichi chimakula osati nkhalango, minda ndi m'mapaki, ndipo ngakhale mu minda.

Mkulu zili mafuta, zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo, chitin, potassium amino zidulo ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana, mankhwala bowa ambulera ankaona. Iwo akhoza n'chongoletsa mabakiteriya khama ndi antitumor tingati rejuvenate lake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda a mtima, ziwiya kuyeretsedwa magazi, chikusintha magazi, kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo.

Pofuna kusokoneza bowa maambulera (edible ndi poyizoni), muyenera mosamala kuyang'ana pa chipewa cha. Iwo ali matte kuwala bulauni ndi mamba mdima (mwachitsanzo, bowa mwayera). Mbale kirimu kapena mdima beige. Siketi mwendo likupita mosavuta. Bowa-ambulera makamaka lipindulitsa mu mawonekedwe mwatsopano, pamene lofotokozabe ake katundu onse opindulitsa.

bowa inedible

Palinso bowa zimene sizikugwirizana ndi gulu edible, komabe ndi poizoni mu Sali pano. Iwo alibe chifukwa poizoni, koma pang'ono matenda m'mimba pa ntchito zawo si lilibe. Nthawi zambiri novice dengu pickers bowa akhoza kupeza bitterling kapena ndulu bowa amaoneka ngati bowa woyera. Kusiyanitsa n'zotheka kwa zamkati pinkish ndi zofukiza.

Choncho, kupita ku nkhalango, muyenera kudziwa kuti pali osati edible ndi chakupha bowa. Pali anthu amene ali ovuta kuti poizoni, koma kudya ali osavomerezeka. bowa izi sizachilendo kwambiri m'dera lathu.

Mitundu ya bowa poyizoni

Poizoni zimapezeka mosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi mmene m'thupi bowa onse chakupha anawagawa m'magulu atatu:

1. Ali zimakhudzanso ziwalo m'mimba. Poizoni akuwonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a kuwala - monga nseru, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba. kufa ndi osapitirira 1%. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo chakupha bowa, uchi agaric onyenga, entoloma chakupha.
2. Mantha dongosolo amakhudza klitotsibe bowa, Amanita pantherina, bowa wofiira, milozo inotsibe ndi ena. Kupatula kunyansidwa ndi kusanza angayambitse chisokonezo, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo. Kuchira zikadzatha masiku 1-3.
3. Zotsatira aakulu poizoni mu ntchito ya bowa kuti bwanji chiwindi ndi impso. yaitali motero kwambiri kuchira nthawi ukhoza kwa masabata angapo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo imfa ndi 35%. Choncho kanthu ali Grebe wotumbululuka (chikasu, woyera, zobiriwira) cortinarius lalanje-wofiira mizere.

Kodi kupewa poizoni

Nthawi zina, bowa edible ndi bowa poyizoni akhoza kukhala mofanana oopsa. Ngakhale bowa womveka, kuonongeka ndi nyongolotsi, atachuluka kapena kuyamba kuwola ndinso, zingachititse poizoni. The bowa zamzitini, anakonza popanda kusunga njira yolera yotseketsa mode, mu mitsuko ndi lids zambiri adagulung'undisa kuwonongeka kwa mapulotini, chifukwa mu mapangidwe poizoni ngakhale edible bowa.

Ndipo bowa poyizoni chifukwa poyizoni kwambiri kapena imfa. Amakhala oopsa chifukwa ngakhale akuwukha, kutentha mankhwala ndi pickling Zasole nawobe poizoni onse amene amakhala nawo. Choncho, njira yaikulu kuteteza poyizoni ndi kuzindikira edible ndi chakupha bowa, ndi zoletsedwa ndi malamulo a yokonza kukonzekera zoweta.