Brachiocephalic thunthu: lingaliro ndi tanthauzo

lingaliro la "brachiocephalic thunthu" adzamasulidwa ku thunthu la anthu ndi nyama. Today tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane.

lingaliro ambiri

Dzina la thupi ili odziwikiratu. Brachiocephalic thunthu apita kwa msempha mu mzere pakati pa sternum lapansi. Iye ndiye akwerera obliquely, kenako kumbuyo, ndipo pa mlingo wa acromioclavicular olowa lagawidwa mitsempha awiri. Inali kutsogolo kwa trachea, chimene ana ali ndi England thymus, ndipo kutalika ka masentimita atatu kapena anayi.

Makanda nthawi zambiri amauza tsefaladu pa sternoklavikulyarnuyu articulation mu makona kutsogolo kwa khosi.

Thunthu la munthu

Anthu, thupi lili ndi dongosolo tafotokozazi. Ndi zambiri sakhalitsa wandiweyani chotengera, amene nthambi mu mtsempha wamagazi awiri bwino kuti mbali zonse - bwino ndipo kutsogolo - okutidwa ndi pleura lapansi. Lamanzere gawo la Thupi la munthu mtsempha wamagazi kumeneko. Apo ayi, chotengera lotchedwa brachycephalic thunthu (dzina Latin) kapena mtsempha wamagazi innominate.

Munthu mbiya brachiocephalic nkhani matenda ena. Ena mwa iwo ndi izi:

• Atherosclerosis (kudzikundikira mafuta ndi mafuta pa makoma lamkati la mitsempha ya);
• vuto lobadwa;
• hemangioma (chosaopsa chotupa kuti akukula ziwiya ka magazi);
• mtsempha wamagazi choipa;
• aneurysms (kuwonjezeka lumen ndi kawiri kapena zambiri);
• occlusive chotupa Chipilala nthambi (wakuswa permeability mtima, imbaenda ischemia a ubongo ndi malekezero (kumtunda)).

Ngati muli ndi mavuto ndi chotengera ayenera anatchula opaleshoni mtima.

Thunthu nyama

brachiocephalic thunthu kaswili iwo lotsatira. Kumasiyana ndi anthu moti imatsogoleredwa pakhomo mu chifuwa M'mimbamo, ndipo kumeneko kale lagawidwa mitsempha tinasiyana (a pomwe anthu). Izi zimachitika pa mlingo wa chachiwiri thoracic linkawonongeka.

Mu nyama zina monga agalu ndi nkhumba, brachiocephalic thunthu kumeneko, m'malo mwake - awiri, abuluka mitsempha kuti utuluke mwa Chipilala kung'ambika. Kwa mmodzi wa mitsempha, otchedwa brachiocephalic, kunyamuka carotid mitsempha, omwe amanyamula magazi mutu wa nyama. Kupatulapo ndi kavalo kuti ali ochepa mitsempha yaing'ono kuchoka kwa icho.

Brachiocephalic thunthu amapereka magazi kwa mutu, pakhosi, chifuwa nthambi ya khoma pachifuwa.

Nthawi zina, tsinde izi pansi pa chithokomiro England ndi otsika chithokomiro mtsempha wamagazi. Chifukwa thunthu akhoza kulipidwa ndi kusowa kapena kusapezeka kwa wina ziwiya chithokomiro.

nthambi thunthu

Pofuna kukwaniritsa ziwiya ku mitsempha subclavian ndi mitundu kusiyana yeniyeni. Kuyambira mtsempha wamagazi iwo achoke nthambi izi:

• Nthiti-khomo lachiberekero thunthu amapereka magazi minofu ya khosi ndi kufota. Inyamuka pamodzi ndi mitsempha monga kwambiri vertebral khomo lachiberekero ndi (mu ruminants ndi nkhumba) kapena okha oyambirira a iwo (carnivores). Mahatchi, thunthu ndi wodziimira nthambi.
• Nato mtsempha wamagazi khomo lachiberekero amapereka "extensors" mutu ndi khosi. Diverges m'minofu khosi, malangizo ake cranial. Pakhosi, komanso zinthu msana nthambi ina yachiwiri. Nkhumba, ndi galu, mtsempha wamagazi uyu ndi nthambi ya thunthu nthiti-khomo lachiberekero.
• mtsempha wamagazi Vertebral ndi nthunzi. Analangizanso cranially. Kukwanilitsa Buku la mapu, akumasula nthambi ya minofu ndi msana udzadutsa una choyamba khomo lachiberekero linkawonongeka (Buku la mapu) ndi khosi mitundu nyama zazikulu otaya njira (otchedwa collaterals). Ng'ombe amasuntha pamodzi ndi nthambi tatchulazi. carnivores ndi woyamba magazi chotengera, amene achoka ku mtsempha wamagazi ndi subclavian.
• Plechesheynaya mtsempha wamagazi (mwinamwake kudziwika monga mtsempha wamagazi zachiphamaso khomo lachiberekero) amalola khosi minofu ndi magazi, dewlap ndi khomo pachifuwa. Nkhumba ukusunthira kutali chithokomiro thunthu lake.
• The mkati ndi kunja thoracic mtsempha wamagazi. Pamwamba mkati imatsogoleredwa caudal kuti sternum, izo zifika ku nthiti chiwiri ndi mafoloko. chotengera chake chomaliza limaoneka mtsempha wamagazi musculo-diaphragmatic. watsika Komanso ndi zinthu magazi kwa m'mimba M'mimbamo minofu, nkhumba ndi carnivores komanso mammary England. mtsempha wamagazi Panja bypasses nthiti woyamba ndi nthambi kwambiri mu mnofu wa m'mawere. mtsempha wamagazi Izi m'malo bwino anakamba.

Kenako brachiocephalic thunthu nyama, unapangitsa Kumanzere mitsempha wobwezera mtsempha wamagazi axillary. Iwo ndiwo kusowa magazi a nthambi thoracic.