Butadiene acrylonitrile mphira: katundu, Kukonzekera, ntchito

Nitrile-butadiene mphira (NBR), - zofunika zopangira kwa kupanga maganizo aliwonse mphira ndi kukhazikika mulingo woyenera. Ndi kupanga polymeric zinthu akamagwira copolymerization wa butadiene ndi acrylonitrile (NAK). Iwo angatchedwe nitrile, nitrile-butadiene, styrene-butadiene mphira kapena butakrilom. Padziko lonse lapansi, mawu ameneŵa ali ndi chuma chodetsa NBR (nitrile-butadienerubber), mwa zoweta - NBR (nitrile kupanga labala).

kumene applicable

rubbers mtundu Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera a makampani ndi pofunika akadakwanitsira mtendere wa mankhwala mphira kwa atolankhani mankhwala aukali. Chofunika kwambiri ndi katundu wa totere butadiene-nitrile labala monga elasticity mkulu ndi yaing'ono mapindikidwe okhazikika. Nkhanizi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga zinthu mphira amene ali mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi nkhani mankhwala yogwira - kungakhale mitundu yonse ya zisindikizo, gaskets m'mfundo mphira thambo hoses mafuta mafuta, malamba galimoto, mafuta, akasinja galimoto, mpweya ndi mafuta makampani, kusindikiza kuchepetsa mbale ndi mankhwala ena.

Zamgululi chopangidwa pamaziko a mphira silikunena pathupi mu madzi wochuluka, zoletsa kuwuma ndi madzi. Mitundu ina ya zinthu otere anachita magetsi Kulumikizana m'chimake ndi Golovesi kuti mphamvu makamaka mkulu ndi kuvala kukana. ntchito zake kupanga zomatira zosiyanasiyana, mankhwala ena omatira ndi msonkhano thovu. Mphira ndi maziko kupanga zomatira.

Pamene ndi kumene anachita mphira izi?

Kupeza NBR chinalembedwa mu 1934 ku Germany. Pa nthawi imeneyo, asayansi German analenga zinthu wapadera ndi katundu ndi setifiketi izo pansi pa dzina Buna-N. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, zinthu zatsopano zatchuka kwambiri ku mitundu lankhondo la makampani.

Chifukwa chosowa zinthu zachilengedwe apamwamba boma US wakhala anayambitsa ntchito yapadera, kutanthauza yogwira chitukuko cha ulimi wa mphira nitrile ndi zipangizo kupanga yaiwisi mphira. Chopangidwa pansi zinthu pulogalamu ankatchedwa GR-N. Pakali pano, BOC wakhala mmodzi wa rubbers wotchuka mwapadera cholinga. Chifukwa amapangidwa m'mayiko oposa 20 padziko lonse.

kupanga BOC

Mtundu wa zinthu amapangidwa ndi zaphindu polymerization mu emulsion amadzimadzi. Dongosololi ikuchitika onse pa mkulu ndi pa otsika kutentha. The monomers chachikulu kupangidwa - ndi 1,3-butadiene ndi acrylonitrile (NAC), osokonezeka mu chiwerengero ena. zinthu izi zimadalira kutentha. Mogwirizana ndi malamulo a copolymerization zowerengera, tisaiwale kuti tandem monomers ayenera adzatenga katundu wa zikuchokera azeotropic chikukhudza 40% acrylonitrile mu osakaniza monomer.

Kupanga mtundu wa mphira zitavuta pamene bwino yoyeretsa emulsifiers coagulation ntchito polymerization. The rubbers opangidwa analola pang'ono mchere phulusa ndi zosafunika oyaka (pazipita 1%). Iwo akhoza pamalo othimbirira kapena osakhala kudetsa antioxidants.

BNK Kodi

Mu dziko lathu, chopangidwa mitundu mphira monga NBR-18 (SKN-18), NBR-26 (SKN-26) ndipo butadiene-acrylonitrile mphira 40 (SKN-40). Numeral chizindikiro mu sitampu limasonyeza chiwerengero cha mayunitsi acrylonitrile mu polima lapansi. Iwo anyamula ankalemekeza 18, 26 kapena 40% acrylonitrile.

Mwa kusinthasintha chiwerengero cha zigawo constituent, mungathe kukwaniritsa katundu osiyanasiyana zakuthupi chotsatira. Malinga ndi kuchuluka acrylonitrile rubbers katundu akhoza kusintha mu kuuma, ndi kukhuthala mafuta - ndi mafuta zosagwira. Chiwerengero cha NAC amakhudza intermolecular zotsatira mayunitsi. Chinthu amakhudza ntchito mphira butadiene nitrile zosiyanasiyana za chuma cha dziko. Komabe, ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi kwa kupanga mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala mphira ntchito mafakitale.

kuipa zakuthupi

Ngakhale kuti nkhani mphira anapangana ndi Kuwonjezera BOC, adzalandira kuipidwa wa ntchito kwambiri (mphamvu yapamwamba ndi kwamakokedwe ductility, elongation, kukana misozi ndi kukana kumva kuwawa, mafuta kwambiri ndi petulo zosagwira), ndi kukhalapo mu nkhaniyi ndi zinthu zina zabwino.

Molimbira zinthu opaleshoni kugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka mu mathamangidwe wa asilikali yozizira ndi kusowa kwa mafuta kumabweretsa chakuti zinthu mphira zitha ntchito pa kutentha kwa madigiri 150. Ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha opaleshoni pamwamba mtengo izi, structuring, kenako chiwonongeko mphira Kulengedwa zochokera BNK. Mu mawu ena, mphira mkangano yolimba ndi Chimaona.

Low kutentha komanso limakhudza anthu mankhwala labala, lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga mphira nitrile. Best kwa iwo ndi kutentha m'munsimu -35˚S.

Mabaibulo Modern rubbers

Kuti akonze mankhwala labala, chili ndi wapadera katundu kuti ntchito kusinthidwa patsogolo kwambiri a rubbers. Chimodzi mwa zochitika kwambiri zingamuthandize mu kusinthidwa amawaona hydrogenated rubbers nitrile butadiene. Iwo ndi katundu kwambiri processing mu zosiyanasiyana kupanga mphira.

Matayala chidakupangitsani zochokera rubbers kusinthidwa, polyvinyl enaake, amapereka zizindikiro wolimba nyengo durability (-50 digiri) ndi kutentha opaleshoni mpaka madigiri 160. Ndi kwambiri kuposa mankhwala chopangidwa pamaziko a rubbers butadiene-nitrile, chifukwa kukana misozi ndi kukana kumva kuwawa. Iwo ali kukana kwambiri kwa yogwira mapangidwe mankhwala aukali. Komabe, labala izi si monga wamphamvu ndi ndinapirira. Choncho, kusintha katundu zamakono cha chuma, ndi zambiri ntchito limodzi ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya rubbers nitrile-butadiene.

vulcanization

The ndondomeko ya vulcanization wa nitrile butadiene mphira mwa sulfure ndi thiuram, organic peroxides, resins alkilfenolformaldegidnyh ndi organochlorines. Kutentha zosiyanasiyana kuchokera 140˚ kuti 190˚ Celsius. Pogwira ntchito imeneyi, pali kuoneka yaikulu akuchiritsa yachonde. misinkhu apamwamba NAC kumawonjezera akuchiritsa liwiro. Khalidwe la mphira anali ayesedwa ndi makhalidwe kwake curatives.

katundu

Katundu NBR acrylonitrile zili zotsimikizika. Mtundu wa mphira ndi sungunuka kwambiri ketones, vutolo hydrocarbon ndi esters. chimasanduka Aliphatic ndi mowa pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa nchito yanyumba ya NBR. Kuwonjezeka zikuchokera amalimbikitsa intermolecular acrylonitrile zinthu poyera pakati unyolo polima: zazikulu NAC mu zikuchokera chuma, ndi apamwamba osalimba ndi kumawonjezera mode galasi kusintha kutentha. misinkhu apamwamba NAC amachepetsa katundu dielectric ndipo kumachepetsa mlingo wa solubility mu solvents onunkhira kumawonjezera kukaniza kutupira mu chimasanduka aliphatic.

Malinga ndi maphunziro a polymerization wa mphira, ungatithandize zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana plastoelasticheskimi. Iwo akhoza kukhala:

• zovuta kwambiri (kuuma Defoe 21,5 - 27,5 N). kalatayo "T" anawonjezera pamene pomanena mphira ngati dzina lake.
• Olimba (stiffness Defoe 17,5 - 21,5 N).
• Zofewa (stiffness Defoe 7.5 - 11,5 N). kalata "M" anawonjezera pamene pomanena mphira ngati dzina lake.

Pakuti NBR, opangidwa ndi nawo sulfonates monga emulsifiers, olemba anawonjezera kalata "C". Mwachitsanzo, SKN-26MS - ndi mphira zofewa amene 26% ya womangidwa pano NAC ndi kukonzekera ankagwiritsa ntchito biodegradable alkylsulfonate emulsifier.