Butyl mowa

Butanol - ndi dzina chikhalidwe chimodzi cha alcohols monovalent. Kuti agwiritsidwa dzina mwadongosolo - 1-butanol, komanso ena - N-butanol (yachibadwa butanol) kapena butyl mowa. Mu molekyulu ichi chachikulu mowa ndi maatomu mpweya anayi, chikugwirizana ndi mzake, ndi hydroxyl gulu m'malo wina atomu wa hydrogen wa woyamba mankhwala chilinganizo C. - C4H9OH, zomveka - CH3 (CH2) 3OH, wazotsatira - C4H10O.

Molar Unyinji wa N-butanol wofanana 74,1 g / Mole. Mu boma wabwinobwino, ndi madzi ndi osalimba wa 0,81 g / cm³. Kusungunuka mfundo C4H9OH - opanda 90,2 ° C, otentha kutentha - kuphatikiza 117,4 ° C. The refractive index zinthu oyera limafanana 1.399. Autoignites 1-butanol pa kutentha 345 ° C akhoza kuswa pa kutentha 34 ° C.

Butyl mowa ndi liniya hydrocarbon dongosolo limene munthu atomu wa hydrogen pa muyeso C maatomu mmalo mwa gulu hydroxyl. Iwo ali isomers atatu ndi dzina mwadongosolo:

• 2-methyl-1-propanol - nthambi unyolo hydrocarbon ndi gulu methyl kachiwiri ndi gulu hydroxyl poyamba mpweya atomu;
• 2-butanol - liniya hydrocarbon dongosolo ndi gulu hydroxyl kachiwiri mpweya atomu;
• 2-methyl-2-propanol - hydrocarbon nthambi kapangidwe ndi methyl ndi gulu hydroxyl kachiwiri mpweya atomu.

maina akuona zinthu zomwezi mu ndondomeko yomweyi: ISO-butanol (mowa isobutyl), gawo-butanol ndi tert-butanol.

Mamolekyulu butanol isomers amasiyana dongosolo Komabe, zinthu zonse zinayi ndi ambiri chilinganizo C4H9OH ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana limatsogolera mfundo otentha ndi makhalidwe ena. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, butyl ndi alcohols isobutyl sadziwa solubility, pamene isomers ena awiri kwathunthu miscible ndi madzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa kapangidwe ka alcohols onse (CnH2n + 1OH) gulu hydroxyl ndi okhudza polarity, lomwe limathandiza kuonjezera madzi solubility. Pa yomweyo kukula kwa maatomu mpweya mu molekyulu ndi complicates ndondomeko imeneyi. Ngati alcohols yaikulu monga methanol, Mowa ndi propanol ndi miscible kwathunthu ndi madzi, ndiye N-butanol - mwapang'ono.

Tert-butyl mowa (mwinamwake 2-methyl-2-propanol kapena tert-butanol) - ndi losavuta ukachenjede mowa. Ndi madzi bwino (kapena colorless olimba). mowa uyu kwambiri sungunuka m'madzi, wothira diethyl efa ndi Mowa. Ndi lapadera pakati pa isomers wa butanol, chifukwa angathe kuchiritsidwa firiji ndi kusungunula pa kutentha pang'ono pamwamba 25 ° C. Tert-butanol ndi byproduct kupanga isobutane ndi okusayidi propylene. Komanso akhoza akamagwira othandizira hydration wa isobutylene.

Ngati alcohols ena ambiri, butyl mowa ndi zoipa mankhwala. Komabe, iwo anawonetsa mlingo wochepa wa kawopsedwe pa nyama zasayansi Choncho ukukamba mokwanira otetezedwa ndi zinthu ntchito zodzoladzola. Komabe, mukuzilemba izo kupyolera mu khungu mu thupi la munthu zingachititse chapakati mantha dongosolo maganizo. mowa Contact ndi maso amachititsa likuyabwa kwambiri kwa iwo, mukuzilemba izo pa khungu - ndi zolimbitsa. Nthawi zambiri, butanol mofulumira zimapukusidwa kwa mpweya. Kuopsa chachikulu kumachitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana yaitali kuti utsi. poyizoni aakulu angathe maganizo a chapakati mantha dongosolo ndipo zingachititse ngakhale imfa.

Mawu akuti "luso mowa" inakwaniritsidwa Mowa, koma akhoza zimachitika ndi mizimu ina. Mwachitsanzo, pamene butanol imatengedwa ngati chigawo cha mafuta galimoto. Iwo amagwira ntchito ndi dzuwa kuposa Mowa, monga mphamvu amene kwaiye kuyaka kwa yofanana mafuta pa C4H9OH kuposa C2H5OH. Butanol akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera kuti dizilo, potero kuchepetsa mwaye zili mu mpweya utsi.

Butyl mowa zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati zosungunulira kapena wothandiza mankhwala kaphatikizidwe mankhwala, komanso mafuta. Monga zosungunulira ntchito nsalu ndi mankhwala makampani. Iye alinso ndi chigawo chimodzi cha madzi hayidiroliki nanyema, kapena ngakhale fungo lake mowa, maziko mafutawo lapansi.