Cephalosporins mapiritsi m'badwo 4. Maantibayotiki-cephalosporins 4 m'badwo

Cephalosporins a mankhwala beta-lactam. Iwo anaimira a makalasi waukulu wa mankhwala antibacterial.

mwachidule

Watsopano amaonedwa cephalosporins 4 m'badwo. mitundu Oral mu gulu ili palibe. The atatu atsala ankaimira mwa ntchito m'kamwa ndi parenteral. Cephalosporins ndi zokolola mkulu ndi otsika kawopsedwe. Chifukwa izi iwo amakhala ndi udindo waukulu pa pafupipafupi wa ntchito ya kumapeto matenda a nthumwi zonse antibacterial.

Zikuonetsa Ntchito iliyonse cephalosporins m'badwo zimadalira katundu wawo pharmacokinetic ndi ntchito antibacterial. Mankhwala ndi kufanana structural penicillin ndi. Izo zimatengera yunifolomu limagwirira wa zotsatira antimicrobial, komanso mtanda ziwengo odwala ena.

osiyanasiyana ntchito

Cephalosporins ndi zotsatira bactericidal. Kumakhudzana ndi kuphwanya kupanga makoma khungu la bakiteriya. Mwa oyambirira mbadwo wachitatu chizolowezi kwambiri pokhala osiyanasiyana kanthu ndi patsogolo ntchito antimicrobial pa tizilomboto galamu alibe ndi pang'ono kutsitsa zimakhudzanso tizilombo galamu HIV. Kwa wamkulu katundu onse atolankhani monga pakalibe wokondwa kwambiri pa enterococci ndi ena tizilomboto ena.

odwala ambiri ndi chidwi, chifukwa si anamasulidwa cephalosporins m'badwo 4 mapiritsi? chakuti mankhwala awa ndi wapadera kapangidwe maselo. Iwo salola yogwira zosakaniza kudutsa kapangidwe ka maselo matumbo mucosa. Choncho, 4 m'badwo cephalosporins mapiritsi palibe. mankhwala onse gulu anapangidwa kuti adzitenga makonzedwe parenteral. Zikupezeka 4 mibadwo ya cephalosporins mu ampoules ndi zosungunulira lapansi.

4 cephalosporins m'badwo

Mankhwala gulu amapatsidwa yekha ndi akatswiri. Izi ndi watsopano gulu la mankhwala. Cephalosporins 3, 4 mibadwo ndi uthunthu ofanana ndi zotsatirapo. kusiyana ndi mu zotsatira ochepa mbali mu gulu lina. Amatanthauza "Cefepime", mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha magawo pafupi ndi mankhwala lachitatu m'badwo. Koma chifukwa ena peculiarities mu dongosolo mankhwala, izo amatha mkatikati mwa mpanda kunja tizilombo galamu-negative. Pankhaniyi amatanthauza "Cefepime" kokhazikika kuti hydrolysis ndi beta-lactamases (chromosomal) C-kalasi. Choncho, popanda makhalidwe ogwera cephalosporins m'badwo 3 (kutanthauza "ceftriaxone" "Cefotaxime"), ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mankhwala mbali monga:

• amawamvetsera tating'onoting'ono overproducing beta-lactamases (chromosomal) C-kalasi;
• mkulu ntchito wachibale tizilombo sanali fermenting;
• ndi kukana apamwamba kuti hydrolysis wa beta-lactamase kufala sipekitiramu (phindu la Mbali imeneyi si bwino mpaka mapeto).

Ingibitorzaschischennye mankhwala

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo wina mankhwala "Cefoperazone / Sulbactam". Poyerekeza ndi monosredstvom, pamodzi medicament ali kunanditsegula sipekitiramu ntchito. Iwo zimakhudza anaerobic tizilombo, ambiri a tizilombo ta Enterobacteriaceae, angathe kubala beta-lactamases.

Pharmacokinetics

Parenteral Cephalosporins 3, 4, m'badwo wa bwino odzipereka pamene kutumikiridwa mu minofu kuti. Medicaments kwa makonzedwe m'kamwa yodziwika ndi mayamwidwe mkulu kapepala kakuti m'mimba. Bioavailability kudzadalira pa medicament makamaka. Ndi mu osiyanasiyana 40-50% (mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Cefixime", mwachitsanzo) ndi 95% (kwa ndalama "Cefaclor" "cefadroxil" "Cephalexin"). Oral mayamwidwe mankhwala ena amachepetsa kapumidwe kudya chakudya. Koma mankhwala monga "Cefuroxime wokonda moyo wodzimana" pa mayamwidwe hydrolyzed. More mofulumira kutulutsidwa kwa chigawo yogwira pamene imapititsa chakudya.

4 m'badwo cephalosporins bwino kufalitsidwa ku zimakhala zambiri ndi ziwalo (kupatulapo prostate), komanso zinsinsi. Pa woipa mkulu mankhwala akupezeka mu madzi synovial ndi peritoneal, pericardial ndi pleural, mafupa ndi khungu, minofu zofewa, chiwindi, minofu, impso ndi mapapu. Luso pochitika BBB ndi kupanga ndende achire ku CSF ndi kutchulidwa zambiri mu mankhwala lachitatu m'badwo monga "Ceftazidime" "ceftriaxone" komanso "Cefotaxime" ndi nthumwi wachinayi - amatanthauza "Cefepime".

Kagayidwe ndi excretion

Ambiri cephalosporins si zimawonongeka. Zosiyana imatengedwa mankhwala "cefotaxime". Iwo biotransfomiruetsya anatsatira mwa mapangidwe mankhwala yogwira. cephalosporins Excreted 4 m'badwo, komanso oimira ena, makamaka impso. Pamene anayamba kuchepa mu mkodzo zimapezeka woipa ndi mkulu.

Mankhwala "Cefoperazone" ndi "Ceftriaxone" yodziwika ndi kuwonongedwa awiri - chiwindi ndi impso. Pakuti cephalosporins kwambiri theka moyo mwa ola limodzi kapena awiri. A nthawi yaitali ali wofunikila ndalama "ceftibuten," "Cefixime" (maola 3-4) komanso "Ceftriaxone" (maola 8.5). Izi zimathandiza kuti aziwachitira kamodzi pa tsiku. Odwala ndi kulephera aimpso, mlingo wa mankhwala ayenera kudzudzulidwa.

zotsatira zoyipazi

Mankhwala - cephalosporins m'badwo 4 - chifukwa zingapo zotsatira zoipa, kuphatikizapo:

• Ziwengo. Odwala kuona erythema multiforme, zidzolo, urticaria, seramu matenda, eosinophilia. Zotsatira zake zoyipa za gulu ili mulinso anaphylactic mantha, malungo, angioedema, bronchoconstriction.
• zochita Hematologic. Pakati pawo ndi kupereka zabwino Coombs, leucopenia, eosinophilia (zachilendo), hemolytic magazi m'thupi, neutropenia.
• Mitsempha matenda. Mu ntchito mlingo waukulu odwala ndi aimpso kukanika anati kupweteka.
• Chiwindi: kuchuluka transaminases.
• matenda m'mimba. Mwa zotsatira zoipa m'mimba zachilendo, pseudomembranous matenda a m'matumbo, kusanza, nseru, ululu pamimba. Pankhani ya chimbudzi madzi ndi makombo magazi mankhwala linathetsedwa.
• zochita Local. Zikuphatikizapo kusalola ndi soreness pa malo a jekeseni mu mnofu ndi phlebitis ndi jekeseni mtsempha.
• zotsatira zina anafotokoza mu mawonekedwe a candidiasis ukazi ndi m'kamwa.

Zizindikiro ndi contraindications

4 m'badwo cephalosporins anatumizidwa pamene nizkominalnyh katundu makamaka pa matenda oyamba ndi multidrug zosagwira microflora. Zikuphatikizapo empyema pleura, abscess mu mapapo, chibayo, septicemia, fupa ndi matenda olowa. 4 akuonetsa m'badwo cephalosporins matenda kobvuta ndi mtundu kapepala kakuti mkodzo, ndi neutropenia ndipo limati zina immunodeficient. Mankhwala omwe sanagaŵiridwe tsankho payekha.

kusamala

Kugwiritsa ntchito mtanda mtundu ziwengo anati. Odwala wosalolera wa penicillin amalembedwa anachita zofanana ndi cephalosporins loyamba m'badwo. Cross ziwengo pamene ntchito wachiwiri kapena wachitatu gulu ndi yochepa (mu 1-3% milandu). Ndi mbiri ya zochita mwamsanga mtundu (mwachitsanzo, anaphylactic mantha , kapena urticaria), wa mankhwala m'badwo woyamba amapatsidwa mosamala. Kukonzekera siyana zotsatirazi (makamaka chachinayi) ali otetezeka.

Mimba ndi mkaka wa m'mawere

Cephalosporins amaikidwa antenatal popanda malamulo zapadera. Komabe, kulamulidwa maphunziro okwanira pa chitetezo cha mankhwala siinkachitidwa. Pa woipa otsika cephalosporins amatha kulowa mu mkaka. Against maziko a mankhwala pa mkaka wa m'mawere zikuoneka kuti kusintha mu microflora matumbo, candidiasis, ziwengo, zina za ana.

Pediatrics ndi geriatrics

Mu ntchito ana akhanda mwina mukhoza kuwonjezera theka moyo pa maziko a chopinga wa excretion aimpso. Odwala achikulire, kusintha ntchito aimpso, choncho ayenera slowdown pochotsa mankhwala. Kuti kumafunika kusintha dera ntchito ndi mlingo.

kukanika aimpso

Popeza kuchotsa cephalosporins ambiri amapezeka poyambilira kudzera dongosolo aimpso mu thupi lithe, mlingo kamwedwe muyenera kusinthira kusonyeza makhalidwe a chamoyo. Pa mlingo waukulu, makamaka osakaniza okodzetsa kuzungulira, aminoglycoside kapena mwina yatsoka nephrotoxic kwenikweni.

chiwindi kukanika

Ena mankhwala excreted mu ya ndulu, ndipo chotero odwala matenda aakulu chiwindi, mlingo ayenera kuchepetsedwa. Odwala awa pali mkulu propensity kwa magazi ndi gipoprotrombinemii mu ntchito amatanthauza "Cefoperazone". Ngati muyeso njira analimbikitsa vitamini K.