Chernobyl akuvutika. The lonse la tsoka

mphamvu nyukiliya chimatengedwa ngati mmodzi wa otetezeka ndi bwino. Koma mu April 1986 dziko padagwedezeka ndi ngoziyo zosaneneka: riyakitala chakumene pa chomera pafupi ndi mzinda wa Pripyat. Funso la angati amene akhudzidwa ndi Chernobyl kumeneko, ndipo komabe nkhani ya mtsutso, chifukwa pali osiyana i kuwunika ndi Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana. Palibe chikaiko Komabe, kuli kwakuti tsoka Waukulu. Nanga chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi Chernobyl kwenikweni? chifukwa cha tsokalo chiyani?

Monga izo zinali

Usiku wa pa 26 pa April 1986 , inaphulika inachitika ku Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu. Chifukwa cha ngoziyi riyakitala anali inawonongedwa, mbali ya unit mphamvu ndi mabwinja. Mu chikhalidwe cha zinthu nyukiliya anaponyedwa - ayodini, strontium, ndi cesium. Kuphulika anayamba moto, zitsulo misa osungunula, mafuta ndi konkire udzathiridwa pa malo m'munsi pansi riyakitala lapansi. Mu maola oyambirira a Chernobyl akuvutika ang'onoang'ono, kupha alonda ali pa udindo. Koma wochenjera anachita nyukiliya ku kuti ali yaitali, anachedwa kanthu. Choncho, chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa anapitiriza kuonjezera tsiku lililonse. Kuwonjezeka ovulala chifukwa osaphunzira ndi khalidwe la boma pa liquidation kanthu. Mu masiku oyambirira kuthetsa kuopsa ndi kuzima moto anaponyedwa kwambiri wa mphamvu misonkhano yapadera, asilikali, apolisi, koma otetezedwa palibe amene mukusautsika. Choncho, chiwerengero cha anthu amene wakula mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale akanatha kupewa. Koma apa udindo ankaimba ndi chinthu chimene palibe wina linakonzedwa Zikatere, chitsanzo ngozi zoterozo zikuluzikulu sanali, kotero izo zinali kukokomeza kanthu sewero otukuka.

Mmene riyakitala nyukiliya

NPP ntchito zomwenso wamangidwa pa zimachitika nyukiliya imene kutentha anamasulidwa. The riyakitala nyukiliya lili bungwe ankalamulira kudzikonda opatsa fission unyolo anachita. Izi ndondomeko zimatulutsa mphamvu, amene n'kukhala magetsi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba riyakitala unayambitsidwa mu 1942 mu United States moyang'aniridwa wa sayansi wotchuka Enrico Fermi. Mfundo zimene riyakitala wamangidwa pa unyolo zimene ureniamu kuwola mu njira imene pali neutrons, zonsezi limodzi ndi kutuluka cheza Popanga madzi a gamma ndi kutentha. Mu mawonekedwe a chirengedwe kuvunda ndondomeko zimapezekanso magawano maatomu amene kumawonjezera exponentially. Koma mu riyakitala ndi ukulamulidwa anachita, kotero njira zambiri kuti kugawa ma atomu. Mitundu ya makono ya makina amene maximally kutetezedwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya machitidwe zoteteza Chotero amaoneka kuti ndi otetezeka. Komabe, amachita zikusonyeza kuti sikuti nthawi zonse ufulu wa harmlessness zipangizo ngati Choncho, nthawi zonse akanali chiopsezo ngozi zinachititsa kuti anthu akufa. Anavutika wa Chernobyl - chitsanzo omveka. Zitatha izi ngoziyo dongosolo chitetezo cha makina amene wakhala kwambiri bwino, panali kwachilengedwenso sarcophagi kuti, malinga ndi kutukula, ndi odalirika kwambiri.

Mmene cheza pa umunthu

Oipa a ureniamu anamasulidwa Popanga madzi a gamma cheza wotchedwa cheza. Mawu amenewa amanena za ndondomeko ionizing, kuti ukufalikira kudzera minofu, cheza. Chifukwa cha ionization a ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ufulu anapanga amene amachititsa minofu chachikulu kuwonongedwa kwa maselo. Pali lamulo kupereka minofu organic amene tilimbane. Koma cheza amamuchititsa kudziunjikira pa moyo. Zakhudzana ndi cheza minofu otchedwa kukhudzana ndi matenda chifukwa ichi, - cheza. Pali mitundu iwiri cheza - kunja ndi mkati, wachiwiri zotheka deactivation cheza (pa mlingo zing'onozing'ono). Atadziŵa ndi njira kunja kupulumutsiramo kuti asanalengedwe. Akuvutika loyamba la Chernobyl anamwalira ku cheza matenda pachimake chifukwa cha kukhudzana kunja. The mwamphamvu cheza kukhudzana akadali mu choona kuti ali zimakhudzanso majini ndi zotsatira za matenda zambiri zoipa bwanji ana wodwalayo. Choncho, pambuyo matenda zambiri kukonza kuwonjezeka zobwezedwa pa kubadwa kwa ana matenda osiyanasiyana chibadwa. Ndi ana amene akhudzidwa ndi Chernobyl, wobadwa kwa liquidators ndipo anapita Pripyat, chitsanzo mantha.

Zimayambitsa ngoziyi

Tsoka pa Chernobyl anali yoyamba mayeso a mode mwadzidzidzi "coasting". Pogwira mayeso zinali anakonza nthawi ya riyakitala azima. April 25, kunali kutenga malo anakonza amasiya wa mphamvu chachinayi unit. Tikumbukenso kuti kukatseka anachita nyukiliya - ndondomeko ndi zogometsa kwambiri komanso asanamvetsetse. Mu nkhani iyi, "coasting" mode anali "adawafotokozera" kwa nthawi chachinayi. zoyesayesa m'mbuyomo idatha kulephera osiyana, koma ndiye lonse zatsopano anali laling'ono kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko si monga mmene. Zimene si mochedwa, monga momwe anali kuyembekezera, mphamvu mphamvu kumasulidwa mosatonthozeka kuchuluka, chifukwa - dongosolo chitetezo sanakhale ndi moyo. Masekondi 10 pambuyo otsiriza chizindikiro chochenjeza mphamvu zikukhala zoopsa anachita, ndipo pakhala mabomba angapo anawononga riyakitala.

Zimayambitsa chochitika adakali akuphunziridwa. Investigation wa ngozi, bungwe anazindikira kuti chifukwa zotsutsana kwambiri ndodo malangizo siteshoni. Iwo anaganiza kuchita kuyesera, ngakhale chenjezo onse oopsa. zofufuza wotsatira asonyeza kuti lonse la tsoka akanatha kuchepetsedwa ngati akuluakulu kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi malamulo chitetezo ndi ngati akuluakulu aboma osati glossed pa mfundo ndi kuopsa ngoziyo.

Mwamwayi ina kuti riyakitala anali osakonzekera kwathunthu kwa zatsopano anakonza. Komanso pakati pa ndodo yokonza ndi riyakitala sichinayambe unakhazikitsidwa mogwirizana zogwirizana kuti kuteteza okwerera antchito kuletsa kuyesera nthawi. Chernobyl, chiwerengero cha anthu amene adakali waikidwa, wakhala chinthu chosaiwalika kwa nyukiliya makampani mphamvu padziko lonse.

Events ndi nsembe masiku oyamba

Pa nthawi ya ngozi mu riyakitala anali anthu ochepa. Akuvutika loyamba la Chernobyl - siteshoni awiri ogwira ntchito. Mmodzi anafera pomwepo, thupi lake anali atha kuchotsa pansi pa 130 matani wreckage, wachiwiri anamwalira amayaka lotsatira mmawa. Pa malo moto wapadera unit wa firefighters anatumidwa. Zikomo ntchito yawo moto inaima. Iwo sanalole moto kupeza mphamvu lachitatu ndi kupewa kuwonongeka kwambiri. Koma 134 anthu (Owapulumutsa ndi okwerera ndodo) muli ndi yaikulu mlingo wa poizoni , ndipo anthu 28 anafa mu miyezi ingapo. Wa zodzitetezera pa Owapulumutsa tabadwa chinsalu mawonekedwe ndi magolovesi. Major L. Telyatnikov, amene analamulira kasamalidwe kumenyana moto, opaleshoni kwa mafupa kumuika, ndipo anamuthandiza kupulumuka. Osachepera anakhudzidwa madalaivala galimoto ndi ndodo ambulansi, amene anafika Owapulumutsa zizindikiro cheza matenda pachimake. Pewani akuvutika awa akanakhala ngati Owapulumutsa ngakhale zida kuyeza cheza ndi mankhwala pulayimale.

zimene boma

The lonse la tsoka mwina akhala ang'onoang'ono ngati si chifukwa cha zochita za boma komanso atolankhani. Woyamba masiku awiri a kafukufuku cheza kunachitidwa, ndipo anthu anapitiriza kukhala Pripyat. Media sankandilola kulankhula za ngozi, maola 36 pambuyo ngozi anadza awiri lalifupi mauthenga pazankhani pa TV. Ndipo anthu kuwauza za kuopseza ndi, free wa deactivation aliyense zofunika matenda. Pamene dziko lonse nkhawa kuyang'anira mafunde mpweya ku USSR mu Kiev anthu anatenga kwa May Tsiku ziwonetsero. mfundo zonse sakudziwa kuphulika anali wachinsinsi, ngakhale madokotala ndi akuluakulu chitetezo zimene zinachitika ndi pati. Kenako, akuluakulu a olungama ndi kunena iwo sanafune kufalitsa mantha. masiku ochepa kenako achoke kwa anthu a m'derali. Koma ngati akuluakulu a boma anayamba kuchita kale anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi Chernobyl, chithunzi cha amene anaonekera pa TV chabe milungu ingapo, zikanakhala zochepa kwambiri.

imasankha

m'dera kachilombo kuchokera pachiyambi anali cordoned kutali ndipo anayamba ngozi yaikulu kuwonongedwa. Mlingo wapamwamba cheza analandira loyamba firefighters 600 amene anatumizidwa ku cheza deactivation. Iwo molimba mtima analimbana kuti motowo kulalikira, ndi kuyambiranso zimene nyukiliya. Gawo wodzazidwa ndi osakaniza wapadera umene kupewedwa Kutentha kwa riyakitala lapansi. Pofuna kuteteza Kutentha mobwerezabwereza riyakitala anali anasamutsidwa madzi pansi anali zakale mumphangayo amene kutetezedwa ndi ingress wa misa osungunula mu madzi ndi nthaka. Patangotha miyezi yochepa, inamangidwa kuzungulira riyakitala sarcophagus kumanga damu limodzi Pripyat Mtsinje. Anthu anapita ku Chernobyl, nthawi zambiri sanamvetse ngozi, pa nthawi iyi panali kwambiri ongodzipereka amene amafuna kutenga nawo mbali mu malo oyera-mmwamba. Ena ojambula zithunzi, kuphatikizapo Alla Pugacheva anapereka kukaimba kutsogolo kwa liquidators lapansi.

The lonse woona kwa ngoziyi

Chiwerengero cha "liquidators" nthawi ya ntchito za 600 zikwi anthu. Awa, pafupifupi 60,000 anafa, 200,000 anali wolumala. Ngakhale, malinga ndi boma, Chernobyl akuvutika, zithunzi zomwe masiku ano pa Websites wodzipereka kwa osaitanidwa, tinakonza chiwerengero laling'ono kwambiri, anafa mwalamulo chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa chimatengedwa kwa zaka 20 okwana anthu 200. Kuboma ndi zone osati m'dera 30 kilometre. Koma akatswiri amanena kuti dera lomwe linakhudzidwa ndi yokulirapo ndi chimakwirira makilomita oposa 200 lalikulu.

Thandizeni akuvutika chifukwa cha Chernobyl

boma anatenga udindo kwa moyo ndi thanzi la anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi Chernobyl. Amene lithe zotsatira za ngozi, amene amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito mu zone achoke, kuika phindu, kuphatikizapo penshoni, free spa mankhwala, mankhwala. Koma Ndipotu, ubwino izi zinali pafupifupi laughable. Ndipotu anthu ambiri kupeza chithandizo mtengo, umene penshioni ndi bwino sikokwanira. Komanso, zinali zovuta kuti gulu "Chernobylets". Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti m'dzikoli ndi kunja panali Mabungwe ambiri amene mukugwira nawo akuthandiza anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi Chernobyl, ndi Ndalama anthu, inamangidwa chipilala za anthu amene Chernobyl mu Bryansk Imachitika ntchito zambiri, ubwino linaperekedwa kwa achibale kwa akufa.

mbadwo watsopano wa "Chernobyl"

Kuwonjezera pa anthu amagwira ntchito ndi anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi tsoka amatchedwa "Chernobyl" anthuwo cheza - ana a liquidators m'dziko m'dera kachilombo. Mwalamulo, ndi Chernobyl mwa m'badwo wachiwiri wa Chiwerengero cha ana zamagulu ndi pang'ono kuposa nambalayi wa pathologies pa anthu ena Russia. Koma ziwerengero amatiuza zinthu zilili. Ana a Chernobyl ndi zambiri amavutika ndi matenda majini monga syndrome Down zambiri, ndi zambiri sachedwa matenda a khansa.

Chernobyl lero

Patangotha miyezi yochepa ya Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu anaikidwa ntchito. Only mu 2000, akuluakulu a boma Chiyukireniya asiya onse a mathanki ake. Pamwamba pa riyakitala anayamba kumanga sarcophagus latsopano mu 2012, anamaliza kumanga 2018. Lero, mlingo wa poizoni mu zone kupatulana wakhala waponya kwambiri, koma nthawi 200 kuposa pazipita chovomerezeka mlingo anthu. Mu Chernobyl, pamene mukupitiriza moyo nyama, kukula zomera ndi anthu amapita kumeneko pa ulendo, ngakhale kuopsa matenda ena ngakhale kusaka kumeneko ndi kusonkhanitsa bowa ndi zipatso, chinkana koletsedwa. Chernobyl akuvutika, chithunzi zakhudzana malo sali chidwi ano anthu, iwo sadziwa kuopsa cheza ndi tikambirane kuyendera malo monga ulendo wa.

Akuvutika chifukwa cha Chernobyl

Lero, tsoka la pang'onopang'ono zikuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono zinthu zakale, anthu onse zochepa kukumbukira akufa, kuganiza za anthu. Ngakhale ambiri Chernobyl akulimbana ndi matenda aakulu, ana olumala. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri kokha tsiku la chikumbukiro akuvutika chifukwa cha Chernobyl - 26 April komanso atolankhani yochititsa anthu kuganiza za mavuto.

Tsoka kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya mu dziko

Ngozi 20 ndi 21 atumwi, Chernobyl ndi Fukushima mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu ndaika funso lakuthwa za kufunika kuwayang'anira mosamala ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya. Today 15% ya okwana mphamvu zokolola mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera, koma mayiko ambiri mukukonzekera kuti awonjezere izi. Popeza akadali mmodzi wa yotsika mtengo ndi otetezeka njira kupanga magetsi. Chernobyl, kumene ngozi Anthuwo chikumbutso kusamala, tsopano amaziona ngati akutali zapitazi. Koma kuchokera pamene ngozi ya dziko wandipitirira ndi chitetezo nyukiliya.