Chiayisilandiki: mwachidule mbiri ndi makhalidwe ambiri a katchulidwe lapansi. Kodi kuphunzira Chiayisilandiki?

Iceland - Dziko lalikulu ndi mbiri olemera ndi chikhalidwe wokongola kwambiri. Tsoka la chinenero Chiayisilandiki sitinganene kuti wamba. Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti atalandidwa boma lina la chinenero china cha boma anagonjetsedwa, monga ulamuliro, imafoola kenako kusiyiratu, monga izo zinachitika mu Norway, pamene Danes anagonjetsa dziko. Ngakhale kuti Danes anayesa kulowa chinenero dziko lomwe, Iceland, osati anapirira alimbane wa Chidanishi, koma anakhalabe chinenero makamaka chitachitika ndi zolembalemba. Anthu akumidzi chabe safuna kulandira Chidanishi, mbali yaing'ono chabe ya anthu ophunzira akhoza kudzitama chifukwa cha kudziwa zinthu. ntchito Chiayisilandiki ndi makalata olembedwa ndi mzake, ndipo anayamba kusindikiza mabuku.

magwero

Chiayisilandiki - chinenero ndi mbiri waukulu. Zimatanthauza gulu la Germany ndi ku Scandinavia subgroup. Mbiri ya chinenero Chiayisilandiki anayamba pamene atsamunda woyamba ku Norway njuchi dziko Iceland a. Ndi Scandinavia anabwera ndi mabuku. Ndiyeno mu 1000 ndi Icelanders kuti Chikhristu pambuyo zinaoneka olembedwawo. Patapita kanthawi, panali woyamba Chiayisilandiki ndakatulo. Ntchito anali pang'ono wothira, ndi ziwembu kumvetsa ndipo motsatana zovuta. chilankhulo Chiayisilandiki ali zambiri zofanana ndi Norway ndi m'zaka za zana XII, iwo sanali amasiyana, monga Scandinavians anagonjetsa Iceland. Poyamba wotchedwa Chiayisilandiki Chidanishi, chifukwa zonse zokhudza Scandinavians zakale, ankaona ndi Denmark.

M'dera la yogawa

Mu masiku ano chinenero Chiayisilandiki ndi chinenero cha anthu oposa 450 zikwi, ambiri a iwo amakhala North America, Canada ndi Denmark. Kunja Iceland, pali kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha oyankhula mu Chiayisilandiki.

General maonekedwe a chinenero

Imodzi mwa zilankhulo wamkulu akuti ndi Chiayisilandiki. Mwachidule mbiri ndi makhalidwe ambiri amati ndi kusintha pang'onopang'ono, pali pafupifupi palibe ngongole ku zinenero zina. Padakali, ikhala ofanana ndi chinenero Old Norse. Mapangidwe mawu kumachitika makamaka kudzera suffix njira, Kuwonjezera pa vuto ndi tracings, kuti ndi kumasulira kwenikweni kwa anabwereka mawu achilendo. Mu Iceland, pali ngakhale gulu lapadera limene lakonzedwa kulenga mayina ofanana kale mfundo alipo. Pambuyo pa adani a Chidanishi Chiayisilandiki m'mayiko Chiayisilandiki ayesetsa kuthetsa mawu a chinenero china kuti iwo.

Choona chidwi n'chakuti Constitution sunalembedwe pa Chiayisilandiki nduna chinenero boma. The zinenero ntchito ndi Chidanishi, Swedish ndi Chinorowe. Chiayisilandiki ophunzira kuphunzira zilankhulo ziwiri mokakamizidwa: Chidanishi English.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti Icelanders maina zigwirizana dzina ndi patronymic. Ndi mwambo wa maiko Denmark. dzina Middle wapangidwa dzina la bambo nkhani genitive ndi mawu akuti "mwana" kapena "Mwana". Nthawi zina zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito dzina la mayi. Kuti asasokonezeke, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito dzina la agogo ake. Mayina ndi ochepa okha a anthu. Mbanja mkazi amatenga dzina la mwamuna wake, ngati alipo.

zinkalankhulidwa

Pali m'zilembo awiri okha:

• kumpoto;
• South.

Kusiyana m'zilembo za uliri chinenero Iceland, amene mawu sizikusiyana kwambiri, likuonetsera poyera kuti m'zilembo kumpoto ndi kum'maŵa amakhala ngati mtundu wina wa jargon, kuyambira chitukuko cha m'zilembo si zabwino kwambiri. Kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi mu chilankhulo kum'mwera kwa zilembo tsa, T, K amanenedwa ofooka ndi preaspiratsiey, ndi kumpoto iwo kutchulidwa monga opanda ndipo aspirated.

zilembo

Ndithudi ena ankafuna kuphunzira mmene kuphunzira chinenero Iceland, chifukwa si wokongola, komanso Wobisa zochitika zazikulu ndi nkhani za olimba mtima ndi Scandinavia. The Chiayisilandiki zilembo makalata 32. Bukuli lili ndi zilembo muyezo, olengedwa mwa zaka za m'ma XIX. Patapita kanthawi, izo kakusintha kusintha zinthu zina. Makalata ena ndipo zikumveka mlendo chinenero Russian, kotero kuphunzira Iceland, amaoneka zovuta ndi zosokoneza.

Makalata awa akugwiritsidwa kokha mwa mawu yobwereka.

Yotsirizira salinso ntchito paliponse kupatula m'dzina la nyuzipepala ya kumaloko.

katchulidwe

Pa nthawi, poyerekeza ndi atumwi XII-XII, inu mukhoza kuwona momwe dongosolo wosinthika mawu zamakono monga anasintha chinenero Chiayisilandiki. Katchulidwe m'njira zina zosiyana ndi zimene kale. A chinenero mbisoweka mavawelo m'mphuno, mavawelo yaitali akhala diphthongs anaonekera preaspiratsiya (kukhumba). Koma chinthu chimodzi sichinasinthe - nambala yaikulu inflections. M'mawu mmene bwino anapulumutsidwa. Pasanadutse consonant yaitali kwenikweni yochepa za mawu mu syllable anatsindika ndi za mawu yaitali waima patsogolo yochepa consonant. zilembo katchulidwe zochokera mwamphamvu ndi preasperatsii. phokoso anafuulira mu chinenero palibe, ndi ogontha sanalembedwepo zambiri. The syllable koyamba nthawi zonse mantha. Unstressed manambala oyambirira - n'kovuta kwambiri chodabwitsa Chiayisilandiki.

kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe

Iwo amene ati kuphunzira chinenero Iceland, ayenera kudziwa kuti kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe chinenero si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera Russian. Pali chimodzi ndi mochulukitsa manauni, komanso akazi, amuna neuter. Poyerekeza ndi zinenero zina zambiri Scandinavia, amene kwambiri wosalira kachitidwe ka mawu mapangidwe, makamaka declination wa manauni, Chiayisilandiki adakhalabe woona mtima kwa miyambo. Popeza Iceland ndi akutali Europe, ili kumtunda, n'zotheka kusunga kufanana kwa Old Norse ndi zinenero Chiayisilandiki.

Chiayisilandiki ali ndi milandu inayi: nominative, genitive, accusative ndi dative. Ena manauni ndi nkhani naye, ayi chosadziwika izo. Pali ndithu iwiri, imene nkhani anawonjezera kuti nauni ndi, wodalira pa maziko kalembedwe wa pempholo. Kapangidwe akufanana mawu Russian, yemwe ndi muzu anawonjezera kuti kutonthoza muyezo. Mneni ndi osakhalitsa mawonekedwe, gawo tilili. Palinso amphamvu ndi ofooka kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Iwo akhoza conjugated kwa munthu ndi chiwerengero.

mawu

Kuyambira maonekedwe a chinenero, amene ali IX atumwi, panali pang'ono kuti wasintha. Kumatanthauza yekha kuti Icelanders mukhoza kuwerenga ntchito pa chinenero Old Norse mosavuta. Kuchokera mu Chipangano Chatsopano anamasuliridwa Iceland mu 1540 anayamba mapangidwe ake ndi chitukuko. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, Icelanders popandukira chinenero kuchotsa ndi kubwerera ku ntchito mawu akale. Ndipo ngati mawu Chiayisilandiki kosakwanira amatanthauza chinthu chatsopano, iwo akufuna kuti anawalenga mizu wakale Chiayisilandiki ndi prefixes. Ndiyamika kusintha ano mawu Chiayisilandiki pafupifupi ufulu ngongole ndi mawu achilendo. Ngakhale kukula mofulumira sayansi, ndi Icelanders ndi mosamala kwambiri malonda ndi mawu atsopano m'malo mwa mawu mawu anu akale. Tsopano, ambiri a mawu amene anamasulidwa kamodzi mwa ntchito, kusinthidwa malingana ndi malamulo a chinenero Iceland, apitenso ku Icelanders pang'onopang'ono sanazizolowere.