Chifukwa youma masamba mphesa? Mawanga pa masamba a mpesa

Mphesa - mphatso oona zachilengedwe, nkhokwe ya mavitamini ndi mchere kuti ali ofunika kwambiri ku thupi. Ambiri wamaluwa ankachita masewera zikugwira kulima chipatso ichi cha matenda, ngakhale sali mophweka. M'pofunika kuganizira zinthu zambiri, ndipo zimaonetsa abwino kukula yachibadwa ya mphesa, ndi mosamala kuyan'ana zikamera matenda osiyanasiyana kuti, mwatsoka, izo zikhoza kugwida.

wamaluwa ozindikira amadziwa kuti ngati masamba mpesa anayamba yokutidwa mawanga, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a zomera. Disease si anaima nthawi, kungachititse chakuti wovulalayo si odwala chitsamba, koma zomera komanso oyandikana komanso.

Zimayambitsa matenda a mphesa

Kusanthula chifukwa mphesa youma masamba, kapena panali zinthu zina mu maonekedwe ake, m'pofunika luso kwa chakuti mbewu odwala.

The zifukwa angakhale osiyana:

• kukula mphesa m'madera zokwanira kumpoto ozizira, kale kulenga chiopsezo kuti iye poyera kuti matenda;
• mphesa, amene ali pansi yozizira chivundikiro, komanso inali pa malo a ngozi, popeza amapezeka stagnation mpweya, pali chinyezi Kumwambamwamba, amene ndi kuswana pansi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana;
• pachithunzichi zikuchokera kwa nthaka, kusowa kwa chinyezi, kutentha ndi kuwala limathandiza kuti matenda si opatsirana, kumene osati youma kapena mphesa masamba kutembenukira bulauni, komanso uphwetsa chisa ndi kutha zipatso (kupatula kuti, mmera wofooka kwambiri ndipo umakhala kuti atengeke matenda opatsirana);
• zosiyanasiyana mabakiteriya, nkhungu ndi mavairasi kudzera mwa mphepo kuchokera zomera matenda, ndi zina nawo zovuta kulimbana, yekha m'malo mitundu tchire linakhudzidwa zambiri zosagwira wa mphesa, mukhoza tichotse vutoli.

Koma, koma, pali njira zambiri pofuna kuthana ndi matenda a mphesa, inu muyenera mukazindikira mtundu wa matenda ndi kudziwa mmene kuchotsa ya aliyense wa iwo.

Downy cinoni

Izi ndi matenda oopsa amene amatchedwanso matenda a mbewu zambiri chifukwa cha bowa zimene zingakhudze osati masamba mphesa, koma n'kuwasanganiza, ndi zanthete. chakuti mbewu anagwidwa bowa mosavuta anatsimikiza ndi maonekedwe a masamba. Iwo anaphimba ndi pamwamba kuwala mawanga mthunzi chikasu, ndipo pansi aumbike powdery woyera ❖ kuyanika. Bowa mofulumira kupanga spores latsopano kuti akutsatiridwa ndi mphepo, pomwepo kupatsira tchire oyandikana.

Masamba pa cuttings mpesa kutembenukira chikasu ndi kutha, ndiye mawanga kutali pa mphukira, kuti maluwa kufa ndi zipatso anayamba kuwononga, kuti wince ndi kuguluka.

Njira yabwino kupewa matenda ndi kudzala katsabola padziko mpesa. Komanso lithandiza kwambiri zotsatira kupopera wa ku Bordeaux osakaniza (1% njira) mu nthawi imene masamba ndi pamaso maluwa. Ngati mbewu akadali kudwala cinoni, ndiye, kachiwiri, pa chizindikiro cha izi anam'thira Bordeaux osakaniza kapena kukonzekera "Ridomil-Gold". Chonde kudziwa kuti kupopera ndi anaima mwezi yokolola.

Ngati m'dera lanu nthendayo zachilendo, ndiye, kubzala matope mphesa ayenera poyamba kusankha mitundu kugonjetsedwa ndi cinoni, ndipo kwambiri.

Powdery cinoni

Izi matenda - cinoni powdery, pa dzina la bowa kuti chimachititsa izo, ambiri amakhudza mbali aboveground a mphesa mu otentha nyengo youma. Chizindikiro choyamba - mawanga kuoneka pa masamba a mpesa khalidwe mtundu imvi kapena ❖ kuyanika aumbike pa nkhope yonse ya pepalalo. mapepala anali ndiye youma ndi kutha, ndipo zipatso kuyamba osokoneza.

Ngati mulibe kuchotsa bowa, zikhoza bwinobwino overwinter pa masamba akugwa ndi masamba m'chaka kachiwiri, amagona mbewu.

Good thandizo izi zodzitetezera, amene kuonetsetsa mpweya wokwanira kwa mpesa, ndicho kudula mphukira wandiweyani, chodzala tchire pa mtunda okwanira, wokhazikika Kupalira.

Ponena za njira kuthetsa matenda chikanachitika, pali ntchito bwino wothandizila mankhwala, makamaka colloidal sulfure.

nkhungu imvi

Izi mphesa kugonjetsedwa imanenanso kuti matenda a mafangasi. zinthu yabwino kwa pakuwonekera kwake - ofunda lonyowa chilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri chimakwirira gawo aboveground wa mpesa. Choyamba anakhudzidwa masamba mphesa, wosawoneka fluffy imvi patina. Pa gulu pang'ono masamba, iye amapatsa, ndipo nthendayo kufalikira mofulumira mu mbewu. Akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukhwima kapena kale zipatso kucha. Iwo kutembenukira zofiirira ndi kuyamba kuvunda msanga, zomwe zimachititsa iwo kwathunthu osayenera kudya.

njira zothandiza kuthana ndi imvi zowola ndi lophweka. Ndi zokwanira kuchotsa ziwalo zonse zomwe zinkakhala pa chitsamba, ndiyeno kuwatentha. Ndiye mphesa chitsamba ali sprayed ndi yankho la soda, amene ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka pa mlingo wa theka la supuni ya tiyi ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre ntchito kapena njira ya sopo wobiriwira.

cercosporosis

Ngati inu mungazindikire kuti mphesa youma masamba zimene zinkachitika kukhudza pansi wa maolivi mtundu, ndi igwani pansi, musalakwitse - anapha matenda a mafangasi monga cercospora choipitsa. Ndiye, veleveti ❖ kuyanika wosanjikiza chimakwirira phesi, kenako zipatso olimba, ndi khalidwe wofiirira kulocha. Pamene kuwala kukhudza iwo kugwa pansi.

Kuchotsa mbewu ya bowa zimenezi zimathandiza miyezo zotsatirazi:

• kuchotsa kachilombo mbali mphesa ndi kuyaka anayamba;
• processing Bordeaux osakaniza nthawi osachepera 2-3;
• mosamalitsa, kulenga kwa mipesa mulingo woyenera zinthu kukula.

chikuku

matenda kuyambira nthawi makedzana, pamene okha anayamba kukhala mpesa. Kungakhale si opatsirana ndi zambiri mumaziona mu kutentha, chimene chiri pakati chilimwe ndi osiyana. Red mphesa masamba - chizindikiro khalidwe, zikusonyeza kuti mbewu sadziwa potaziyamu. Ngati nthawi yanji kanthu, mphesa akhoza kutayika, ndipo ntchito yake ya feteleza, yomwe ndi 1% nitrate potassium akhoza kulimbana ndi vutoli.

General zodzitetezera

Tingati palibe mitundu mphesa, omwe sangakhale mutu wina kapena matenda ena. Koma ngati nthawi kuchotsa masamba kufa, kuphimbira nthaka, madzi okwanira panthawi yake, tayi ndodo, kuchotsa suckers ndi kudyetsa osakaniza michere kuti matenda ambiri angathe kupewedwa ndi kupeza mpesa kwambiri.

Mukutengera ayamikira akufuna mu pepala, mukhoza kukula mphesa wokongola, amene adzasangalala zipatso kwa zaka zambiri.