Chikondi Monga Mtengo

Chikondi ndi Chofunika Kwambiri. Mtundu umenewu wa chikondi umagawidwa m'magulu awiri a subspecies:

1) wokondedwa amavomereza nkhani ya chikondi monga choncho, ndipo chikondi chimamveka monga kuyesa kwa khalidwe la chikondi cha phunzirolo motsutsana ndi wokonda;

2) phunziroli limakhala lofunika kwa wokonda chifukwa cha chikondi chake kwa iye, ndiko kuti, chikondi chake chimamveka ngati khalidwe lomwe limapereka (wopereka) kwa wokonda.

Choyamba chotsatira chimatsatiridwa ndi J. David Wellman, kuchikutsimikizira ndi mfundo ya Kant, yomwe imasiyanitsa ulemu ndi mtengo (makamaka, Kant anamvetsera kusiyana kwa njira ndi zolinga mwachikondi). Pogwiritsira ntchito fanizo la zachuma, munthu akhoza kuganiza kuti kukhala ndi mtengo kumatanthauza kukhala ndi mtengo umene ungafanane ndi mtengo wa zinthu zina kupyolera mu mtengo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kusintha zomwe mumakonda popanda kutaya mtengo. Mosiyana, kukhala ndi ulemu kumatanthawuza kukhala ndi mtengo wotere, umene uli wopanda pake kuyerekeza ndi mtengo wina. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, malonda ali ndi mitengo, ndipo anthu ali ndi ulemu, omwe sungakhoze kuyerekezedwa. Malingana ndi Kant, ulemu wathu monga munthu umakhazikitsidwa mwalingaliro lathu, luso lathu lolimbikitsidwa ndi zifukwa zomwe timadziphatikizapo pakufotokozera zolinga zathu ndikutsatira zomwe timaziwona pa dziko lapansi. Choncho, chimodzi mwa mawonetseredwe athu a chikhalidwe ndi momwe timachitira ulemu ulemu wa umunthu wina.

Nchiyani chimatipangitsa ife kumulemekeza munthuyo? Wellman amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zomwe "zimadziteteza chikondi," ndipo motero zimatilepheretsa kuti tipeze nkhani ya chikondi monga njira yokwaniritsira zolinga zathu. Amakhulupirira kuti chikondi chimafanana ndi yankho ku ulemu wa munthuyo, ndiko kuti, Ndi ulemu kuti ndicho chikondi chathu, komanso chomwe chimachokera. Koma chikondi ndi ulemu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuyankhidwa ndi mtengo womwewo. Chikondi sichitsutsa mbiri yathu. Izi zimachepetsa mtima wathu, i.e. Zimatilepheretsa kudziletsa kudzimvera pa ena ndipo potero zimatifooketsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chidwi, zokopa, chifundo, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chikondi, sizikhala chikondi, koma zimakhala zoyenera, ndipo chikondi chikhoza kukhala popanda iwo.

Wellman sanavutike kuyankha, zotsatira zake ndizo zomwe adayankha (chidwi, etc.) ndipo chikondi chikhalabe ndi chiyani? (Pa chifukwa china ndikufuna kunena: ndi mphuno!) Chinthu chachikulu ndi china chake: chikondi - ndi yankho la ulemu, koma osati munthu aliyense. ("Chikondi ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri kuchitapo kanthu pa ulemu wa wina.") Nchifukwa chiyani anthu onse sapatsidwa yankho ili? Kodi malire a zosankha ali kuti? Wellman amakhulupirira kuti zosankha zimachitika pamene anthu ena amasonyeza kuti amatha kulemekeza ulemu wawo monga munthu, pamene ena amatha kuzindikira ulemu umenewu, umene, mwa njira ina umasanduka chiopsezo cha maganizo. Kotero, pali makalata pakati pa khalidwe la "phunziro la chikondi" ndi "kuyesa" kwa nkhaniyi ndi okonda.