China 280-m

Mu 280 mu Jin Ufumu chinakhazikitsidwa kuti zonse anthu wamkulu pakati pa zaka 16 ndi 60, a dongosolo la "anthu wamba free," ndiye kuti ntchito ziwembu za dziko 70 Mu (1 Mu - za 0,16 ha) anali allocated kwa munthu ndi 30 TH - mkazi. Komanso, munthu analandira wina Mu 50 ndi mkazi - 20 TH nthawi malire, dziko msonkho. Achinyamata 13-15 zaka ndi anthu okalamba zaka 61-65 zakubadwa analandira osachepera theka la ziwembu (akazi m'magulu awa zaka sanalandire iwo konse). Anthu opitirira zaka 65 ali ndi ufulu kugwira ntchito.

Misonkho asonkha antchito anali wa ku: tirigu msonkho dziko, nsomba uchikumbe mphanga (makamaka nsalu kupanga zoweta) ndi udindo ntchito - kuchoka nambala inayake masiku pa chaka boma, ntchito pagulu (zomangamanga ntchito ulimi wothirira, kutumiza ndi zina zotero. ) .. Avereji ya ndalama msonkho anali 4 ×, pansi phoso 50 Mu (× - muyeso wa buku, amene mobwerezabwereza anasintha kutalika mu nthawi xy ananena kuti anali wofanana ndi malita 20.23). China mu 280 ya ...

Akuluakulu monga kutalika cha udindo wake boma (anafotokoza mu nthawiyo kunali naini) analandira likhale 10 50 m'dziko Ch'ing (1 Mu Qing 100), komanso ufulu kukhala ndi chiwerengero ena a anthu ogwira ku zigawo wamba a anthu.

Funso la mmene malamulo awa malamulo ndi muyika mumachitidwe amakhalabe maganizo chibwenzi chifukwa osakwanira ndiponso zotsutsana magwero deta. Palibe kukaika kuti kufooka Amowabu ulamuliro chapakati kugwira ntchito imeneyi ku dziko lonse ndi kutsatira malamulo amenewa sikunali kotheka ndi yogawa.

Makamaka, monga momwe mukhoza aweruzidwe, m'chigawo chakumwera cha ufumu, dongosolo pafupifupi sanalandire ntchito. Pa nkhani imeneyi, izo adapempha boma alibe kukakambirana dziko wamba mu mphamvu mosamala mawu, koma wotetezedwa kwa iwo, kuti ali. E. The zochuluka za dziko, limene kwenikweni nazo. Mwachidziwikire, zinali zoona nthawi zambiri.

Koma nthawi yomweyo m'madera anasonkhanitsa zotsala wopanda ulimi dongosolo dziko gawo akhoza akuyendera chimango pafupi malamulo anakhazikitsa. Makamaka, iye anafunikira kwambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito m'dera la likulu ndi mayiko a zakale midzi asilikali. Ngati M'malo mwake, amaganiza kuti Jin Ufumu dongosolo gawo si ntchito kumapeto, ikhala yovuta kumvetsa chifukwa m'tsogolo ndi chitukuko atsopano mu chiphunzitso ndi kuchita.

China 280-m