China Mbiri The End XIII B.

Zochita m'dera la Mongolia ndi Manchuria anali pansi pa Ufumu n'chokwana chosiyana kuchokera wakale Chinese dziko kayendetsedwe ndi chikhalidwe dongosolo. Mongolia ali ngati mzinda: izi akadali anthu mafuko Mongolian. panayima lalikulu Mongol asilikali ndi makonzedwe anagwira n'chokwana wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu, amene amakhala anali Karakorum. Mu China, panali kaphatikizidwe malamulo m'mbuyomu, ndipo anayambitsa ndi nyumba Chinese Mongolian.

Pa dzanja limodzi, Kublai Khan 60-ntchentche za m'ma XIII. Iwo ankagwira kuchita utumiki wa olemekezeka Chinese, kutsatira anayamba maganizo awo pa kasamalidwe ka gawo Chinese ndi anthu. China wakhala administratively ogaŵikana zigawo 10, mkati amene anasunga Chinese dongosolo m'madera zigawo ndi zigawo. Chapakati maboma anakopera chito Chinese m'njira zambiri. Iwo anatengedwa ndi mchitidwe Chinese mayina a Mfumu ndi zaka zizindikiro mutu wa ulamuliro wake. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIV. chikhalidwe Chinese dongosolo la mayeso kusankha malo utumiki (ngakhale opareshoni zochepa) wakhala anayambitsa. Mu echelons m'munsi mwa zida boma iwo unali nazo zochuluka za Chinese.

Komano, m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe, m'madera onse anali midzi ya asilikali ndithu, ndi Chinese sankaloledwa ndi mkulu wa asilikali, anthu analetsedwa ndi zida. Senior posts utsogoleri inachitika ndi ku Mongolia, kapena anthu ochokera ena mayiko ku Central Asia. Anthu onse anali m'magulu anayi: asilikaliwa, semuzhen - mbadwa ya mayiko chapakati ndi Near Eastern; hanzhen - kumpoto Chinese; Khitan ndi Jurchen; nanzhen - kum'mwera Chinese. Mbiri ya China kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIII. ....

Woyamba magulu awiri a udindo wake, makamaka wachitatu ndi wachinayi - kuvutitsidwa odziwa. A chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu okwana wa u dosch taxpaying mabanja dziko, anagawidwa mu cholowa cha Khan ndi abale nyumba ndi Mongol asilikali apamwamba, kumene iwo anali ambuye pafupifupi zinthu, kapena kudzera Ngopambana amene akubera anthu. Iwo sanali kukumana miyambo Chinese ndi dongosolo lankhondo la n'chokwana, ngakhale Chinese ankagwira asilikali usilikali.

Atalanda Mongol anali limodzi ndi chiwonongeko cha watsopano mphamvu zipatso mu China. Pa nkhondo ya khwimbi la anthu anali awonongedwe, anapha mzinda, anagonjetsa katundu ndi dziko. Anthu ambiri akugwidwa ndi Mongolia analanda kusanduka antchito angongole (tszyuydin), atumiki ndiponso akapolo. Chotero tsoka anachitika ndi amphawi m'midzi, ndi amisiri m'mizinda, ndi kusiyana kokha kukhala kuti osema m'tawuni zambiri akapolo Mongolian mphamvu chapakati.

History of China m'zaka XIII.