Nthunzi ndi chiyani? mitundu ya nthunzi

Nkhaniyi imafotokoza zimene awiri ndi, mtundu pali ndi mmene amagwiritsa nthunzi makampani ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

sayansi

Masayansi zofunika, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa chipangizo cha dziko ndi zinthu zina zake, ndi sayansi. Otizungulira iliyonse chachiwiri kumafunika zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. Ambiri mwa iwo ife akhala anazolowera, ndi kuika pa iwo samapereka. Komanso, tsiku ndi tsiku, anthu ochepa ndikuganiza za chikhalidwe cha dzuwa kutentha, pakutchulidwa ya nthunzi ya madzi, amene amakhudza yaikulu nyengo. Ndipo tiyeni njira tafotokozazi afufuza m'malo bwino, ife kuganizira za zimene awiri a. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mwina kupangidwa chifukwa cha osati kuwira kapena evaporation wa madzi, komanso zochita zina za zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma chirichonse mu dongosolo.

tanthauzo

Bwato wotchedwa boma gaseous pa nkhaniyi, malinga gawo ake ali mu mgwirizano ndi limati osiyana akaphatikiza pa nkhaniyi. njira yokha, chifukwa cha muli nthunzi, wotchedwa vaporization, ndi ndondomeko n'zosiyana - condensation. Kotero tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe Anthu. Mwa njira, makamaka kutchula mawu "nthunzi" pafupifupi nthawi zonse anthu zikutanthauza awiri kuti ndi kuwapeza madzi wamba, ngakhale ngati tatchulazi, amatanthauza loitanirana akhoza kutenga zinthu zambiri.

Komanso, kusiyanitsa mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri: zimalimbikitsa ndi unsaturated. Komabe, matanthauzo izi zimagwira ntchito kokha mwachibale kwa zinthu zomwe ali mankhwala koyera. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi unsaturated nthunzi?

Choncho kuitana pamene iye analephera kukwaniritsa bwino, wotchedwa zazikulu poyerekezera ndi madzi, imene unakhazikitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, tanthauzo otere kusokonezedwa ndi thermodynamic kuti cholakwika. Ngati Tikayerekeza kuthamanga kwa nthunzi unsaturated zimalimbikitsa, izo nthawizonse ndi mtengo wotsika.

Pamene padziko madzi limapezeka unsaturated nthunzi, ndondomeko mapangidwe chimaposa ake mofulumira ndi ukulamulira ndondomeko n'zosiyana (monga tanena, umatchedwa condensation). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madzi pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukhala ang'onoang'ono.

Tsopano tiyeni tione zimene zimalimbikitsa nthunzi.

zimalimbikitsa nthunzi

nthunzi zimalimbikitsa amatchedwa choncho kumene angathe kukwaniritsa zazikulu mgwirizano ndi madzi, ndi kumene izo chidatengedwa. Mwachidule, mu nkhani iyi, evaporation liri condensable, Mosiyana ndi vuto ndi nthunzi kuchuluka unsaturated madzi zikhale sichinasinthe. Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe mabanja ndi mtundu uliwonse.

Ngati mwachitsanzo, kuti compress ndi nthunzi umene uli mu mgwirizano ndi madzi kwake, ndiye muyezo pang'onopang'ono kutha, ndi condensation chidzalimba kwambiri bola chifukwa kusintha kachulukidwe wa chinthu gaseous zazikulu mgwirizano abwezeretsedwa kachiwiri.

Malinga mtundu wa madzi, ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi nthunzi likuwonetsedwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana za osalimba ake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zinthu zonse ndi zotsatira zosiyana intermolecular kukopa.

nthunzi ya madzi

Ndipo komabe, nthawi zambiri ndi mawu anthu amvetse izo gaseous boma madzi onse mwachizolowezi. Ngati inu muyang'ane mu buku lina, mungapeze makhalidwe waukulu liwulo Anthu: pakalibe mtundu, fungo ndi kulandira izo zoona, kuchokera mmadzi.

Zonse tili mobwerezabwereza munazindikira izo, ngati madzi otentha pophika kapena evaporation cha chinyezi kuchokera phula otentha pambuyo mvula. Koma ngati mukuganiza za kukumbukira nthawi za mafakitale ndi luso, ndi bwino kuti umasintha moyo wa munthu ali awiri a. Zakuthambo zodabwitsazi ndi boma gaseous a madzi ali ndi buku kakhumi kuposa maonekedwe choyambirira cha madzi ake. Ndi inaona kuti nthawi yake linapereka kuti chitukuko cha sayansi.

Zonse zinayamba ndi woyamba injini nthunzi, ndipo kenako 'kudziletsa injini' ngolo monga iwo anamutcha magalimoto ndi injini amenewa. Koma magalimoto awa yaitali kwambiri anabweretsa chikhalidwe ntchito, anali liwiro otsika ndi kulipira osauka. Zonse zinasintha yekha ndi kuyambitsa kwa injini nthunzi.

Komanso, madzi ndi wabwino kutentha kutengerapo sing'anga ndi ntchito machitidwe ambiri refrigeration, ndipo ngati dera si anatseka iwo, chifukwa limapezekanso awiriawiri. Masiku ano, nthawi zina dpzhe makamaka kubweretsedwa ku boma gaseous, koma osati mu injini wosazindikira, ndi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, kumene chopangira mphamvu nthunzi magudumu atembenuza.

mtengo Wamkulu madzi ndi nyengo chamunthuyo. Kukwera kwa msinkhu kumene kutentha kwambiri m'munsi nthunzi kumaundanitsa ndi kugwa pamwamba pansi mu mawonekedwe a mvula. Mu chimodzimodzi ndipo pali chisanu.

Chabwino, mapeto, angapo zakudya zophika ndi chakudya wathanzi.

Pamene Nzofunikira nthunzi ya umatanthauza chifunga padziko lapansi.

Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe mabanja ndi momwe izo zimachitika.