Chipilala Peter 1, "The Mkuwa pamahatchi". Kodi chipilala kuti Peter 1

Zonse zinayamba ndi chakuti Senate wa Russian Ufumu anaganiza kuimika chipilala cha chikumbutso polemekeza akulamulira Mfumukazi Catherine II. Komabe, m'tsogolo ndipo kumvetsa kwambiri za mavuto azandale ndi maganizo a anthu Ekaterina anakana ulemu uwu, kuti izo zinali zolakwika kuika chipilala naye pamaso adzakhala moyo imeneyi kuloŵedwa chachikulu Peter I. Today, mbiri ya wake umenewu anakumbukira osati St. Petersburg, komanso pamene pali zipilala Petro 1.

Catherine II adaganiza zolenga chinachake chachikulu, ndipo zinatheka. Chipilala Peter 1, "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" ndi lodabwitsa la zojambulajambula chadzaoneni. Ndipo nkhani ya chilengedwe chake ngati ulendo buku.

Kodi kutenga wamanga

Pa funso la kusankha ambuye yoyenera Ekaterina anapita mokhudzika. Pomaliza, Kuchokela pamawu a pulofesa wa Paris Academy of Denis Diderot, ndi amene wolingana zonse, ndi anzake a Voltaire, mbuye anaitanidwa kuti St. Petersburg. Chipilala Peter 1 kulenga Etienne Moris Falkone - French wamanga, amene anasangalala ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo ambiri a Marquise de A Pompadour, amene anali institutionalized ankakonda mfumu French.

The mwayi yaitali

maloto Falcone a wonse kulenga chinachake yaikulu, koma iye ankayenera kugwira ntchito ndi ziboliboli za kukula wamba. Choncho, wolemba tsogolo la chipilala kuti Peter 1 mokondwera adalowa mgwirizano ngakhale pang'ono amalipiritsa.

Ntchito pa izo, iye Ndipotu, anayamba mu Paris. The ziboliboli Russian akubwera ndi wokonzeka sewero ndi athanzi lingaliro la momwe Chioneke motero chipilala a.

mkangano waukulu

Komabe, vuto kugona chakuti pafupifupi aliyense amene anali osachepera kukopa pa chisankho chomaliza za zikuchokera fano akuimira wake m'njira yosiyana. History of "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" chipilala kusungabe maganizo awa.

Catherine yekha anafuna kuona fano la mfumu, wopangidwa kalembedwe Roma. Iye ankayenera kuti anavala toga Roma atanyamula ndodo yake komanso maonekedwe lonse limatulutsa ukulu wopambana wankhondo.

The nthumwi ya Russian Academy of Sciences, leni boma milandu Yakov Yakovlevich Shtelin gravitated kwa nthano chabe. Iye mosalekeza anapereka kuimira mfumu, atazungulira ziboliboli zina, imene cholinga chake anali afotokoze chigonjetso, mwanzeru ndiponso khama.

mlembi Catherine II, lakuti Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy, amene anali pulezidenti wa Imperial Academy of Tirhana, anafuna fanoli linapangidwa mu tingachipeze powerenga za angabweretse ataima pa msinkhu wathunthu.

Denis Diderot, Ndi bwino kukalembera Falcone, zachititsa kuti kuwira mbale mikangano ndi kupereka kuchita chipilala mu mawonekedwe a kasupe wa. Choncho n'zotheka kuti, pamene pali chipilala kuti Peter 1 lerolino, kodi moonetsera wachisomo dziwe.

Ndipo ena kwambiri alangizi kulenga adafotokoza kuti diso limodzi la Mfumu ananditumiza ku Admiralty, ndi zina - pa matabwa awiri. Icho chiri choyipa kulingalira mmene ayenera kuti anali ndi mawu a munthu.

Koma Falcone sanali kupita abwerere. Iye ankafuna kuti chipilala koyamba kuti Petro 1 anasonyeza umunthu weniweni wa Mfumu, osati inasanduka zowonera atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena za collage wa okweza achipongwe mwayekha. Ndipo mbuye anakwanitsa kuteteza udindo wake.

Kujambula lachitsanzo

Zaka zitatu ziboliboli anapita pa chitsanzo gypsum. Iye anagwira ntchito ndi wothandizira wamng'ono - wophunzira ake Mary Ann Kolo, amene adachokera naye ku France. Falcone analipira kwambiri nthawi kuphunzira umunthu ndi khalidwe la mfumuyo. Akuti pulasitala busts a Peter Ine ndi masks anapanga pa moyo wake.

The ziboliboli anatembenukira kwa General Melissino kuti kukula ndi chithunzi ankawoneka ngati mfumu, ndipo anavomera kuti awajambule iye. Koma nkhope ziboliboli Peter Ine analephera. Kotero anapatsa ntchito wothandizira 20 wazaka, Mari Ann.

Chopereka awo wapatali kulengedwa kwa chipilala kuti Catherine II analamula kutenga Mariya Ann Kolo monga membala wa Russian Academy of Tirhana ndipo anasankha moyo penshioni olimba kwambiri.

Kugwira ntchito ndi kavalo

Kachiwiri, ziboliboli anayenera kupirira ku khoti. Panthawi imeneyi chifukwa awiri anali mtundu wa kavalo yemwe amayenera kukhala ndi Peter I. olemekezeka anaumirira chakuti chithunzi izi ziyenera sculpted m'mafanizidwe a akavalo wachita kale analandira luso lakalekale.

Koma mbuye wake sinditi kulenga bata ndi wapadera gulu la asilikali akavalo. Chipilala Peter 1 pa kavalo amayenera kukhala wapadera. Etienne Moris Falkone anapereka yovuta - yosonyeza wokwera pa nyama ana. Kukhazikitsa mfundo imeneyi moyo inamangidwa nsanja matabwa, yemwe ankayenera kuti avule wokwera pa kavalo wake anakulira.

uwiri Orel trotter mtundu anasankhidwa kuchokera makola achifumu. History wateteza ngakhale nicknames awo - wanzeru ndi Caprice. Mbuye (ichi ndi dzina la katswiri, maphunziro ndi okwera pamahatchi amaphunzitsidwa) Athanasius Telechnikov Haile neri Al. Mu maulendo nthawi tsiku kuduliratu pa nsanja ndi womveka nyama, kumvera chifuniro cha wokwera, aliyense nthawi anakwera pamwamba pa miyendo yake yakumbuyo, kupuma kwa kanthawi.

Nawa yomwe ino, ndipo apezane Eten Moris. Iye chisanu pa haunches wake, akusuzumira minofu akunjenjemera wa miyendo kavalo, kuyang'ana pa pamapindikira wa khosi lake ndi onyada Kuyang'ana kwa maso kwambiri. Chirichonse anawona ziboliboli yomweyo sketched, mtsogolo athe bwinobwino ntchito ndi chitsanzo.

Choyamba sketched zithunzi. Chipilala Peter 1 anaoneka pa iwo kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Kenako anaberekera maganizo ake pa pepala. Ndipo pambuyo kuti ntchito pa chitsanzo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena za chosema lapansi.

Kuposa chaka anapitiriza mkwatibwi Zochita. Panthawi imeneyi, anthu angapo anatha kusintha kwa malo. Koma khama si pachabe. Chipilala Peter 1, "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" alibe analogues mu dziko.

Thunder mwala

Pakali pano, mu kufanana ikuchitika ntchito ina mofanana wofuna.

Kutalika kwa chipilala kuti Peter 1 - mamita 10,4. Pokhala iye anali kukatenga ndi phazi. Eten Moris amaganiza kuti ayenera kukhala chipika, wopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mafunde. Iye amayenera kusonyeza chakuti Peter Ndinatsegula mwayi kwa nyanja Russia.

Komabe, palibe sanathe kupeza. Takambiranazi ndi chimake cha pedestal zidutswa zingapo lubwe. Ndiyeno munthu wina adaganiza kuti akanene mpikisano kupeza ndi kupereka mwala bwino. kulengeza nthawi yomweyo lofalitsidwa mu "St. Petersburg boma yotchedwa Gazette".

Sizinanditengere kale panali mlimi wa m'mudzi wa Lahti. Iye anati mu nkhalango awo ndi mwala, omwe akukumana zofunika zonse anafotokoza. Komanso, alimi amanena kuti Mfumu yekha Mfumu Peter Ine mobwerezabwereza anakweza mwala uwu kuti kafukufuku oyandikana nawo.

Chiyanjo cha ichi, poyamba sizinali ena maziko. Pambuyo m'mudzi inali pafupi Lahti Manor nyumba Petra Velikogo. Komabe, si zofunika kamodzi anakwera kwa Mfumu kapena ayi, koma maulendowa anatumizidwa ku mwala ndi mphamvu ndi kusankha kaya ndi oyenera cholinga ankafuna.

Alimi anamutcha Thunder mwala. Malinga ndi nthano kalekale thanthwe chidwi ndi mphezi ndi kugwazidwa chidutswa.

mavuto mayendedwe

Thunder mwala anapeza zoyenera kutumikira pedestal, koma miyeso yake analenga mavuto aakulu kwambiri zoyendera. Tangoganizani chipika mamita 8 (monga nsanjika zitatu nyumba), mamita 13 (monga yovomerezeka 3-4 khonde) ndi m'lifupi mamita 6. About aliyense makina pamene lolemera, ndithudi, sipakanakhala funso, ndi mtunda kwa Senate Square mu St. Petersburg (a malo omwe kuli chipilala kuti Peter 1 lero) anali wakhalidwe labwino kwambiri.

Mbali ya njira amayenera kuchita pa madzi, koma kumalo potsegula kwa ngalawa changati chimwalacho anali kukankhira pa mtunda akhakula kwa mtunda wa makilomita 8.5.

Kuchoka anapeza Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy. njanji wapadera matabwa mu mawonekedwe a ngalande zinamangidwa pa maganizo ake. obbili awo mapepala a mkuwa ndi mkuwa mpira 32 anakonza awiri abwino. limagwirira anali kugwira ntchito pa mfundo za machitidwe a Azidziwa.

Izo poyamba mlandu chifukwa wotsikirapo chitsanzo. The original anali kukhala kakhumi. Pambuyo kuyezetsa bwino anayamba kupanga limagwirira kutsetsereka chachikulu.

Ground njira

Pakali pano, chinthu choyamba mu mwala Anachotsa lapansi Anapitirizabe ndi madipoziti ena. Opaleshoni imeneyi atsogolere kuti matani 600. asilikali mazana asanu ndi amphawi ankagwira ntchito tsiku la kudula.

Ndiye iwo anayamba kuchotsa danga yomweyo azinga Grom mwala kutsekeramo nkhalango zake ndi kukonzekera nthaka chifukwa atagona njanji. Ntchito imeneyi inatenga miyezi inayi.

Kwa njira kunali kofunikira poyamba kuchotsa msewu mamita 20 m'lifupi, kulimbitsa milu ake wandiweyani, ndipo yafalitsidwa ku mbali iyi ya njanji ya collapsible. Pambuyo mwala udasokonezeka, ndi kutalika kwa ulendo wa njanji kuchotsedwa, natisunthitsa patsogolo.

Patsogolo ntchito pa mwala mayendedwe chimphona anaonera lonse la Europe. Izi zinachitikadi kale lonse. Kuposa kale chotero monolith chachikulu sichinayambe anasamukira ku Chapatali.

Osati njira yophweka

Ndi popezera mpata Thunder mwala anali kukazikoloŵeka pa nsanja wapadera, amene anaika pa njanji lapansi. Opaleshoni imeneyi chofunika kwambiri nthawi ndi khama kwambiri, koma chidutswa mapeto a thanthwe, udagona pa dziko lapansi yonyowa pokonza kwa zaka zambiri, iye wosiyidwayo mpando wake. Choncho anayamba ulendo utali wopita likulu, kumene kunali kwa kuimika chipilala cha chikumbutso Peter 1, "The Mkuwa pamahatchi."

njanji The ufa pa mtunda wa pafupi theka la mita kwa mnzake mipira makumi atatu mkuwa anaikidwa. Kuonetsetsa kuti palibe mipira izi sanaleke ndipo sanali kufikako pafupi yotsatira, tidzakambirana anafunika kutsatira mwapadera anasankha anthu awa. Iwo anali ndodo za chitsulo, amene ngati zofunika akhoza m'mbuyo kapena kukankha mbali ozungulira.

Pakuti yojambula kapangidwe choyamba, yodzaza ndi mwala, anali amasamukira pa mapazi awiri. Pa lotsatira anatembenuka kuti agonjetse mamita angapo. Ndipo kwa Gulf, kumene kunali kunakula a Bingu-mwala pa Bwato wapadera zinali pafupifupi zisanu makilomita ....

Pofuna kuti tiziwononga nthawi, 46 osema miyala zitsulo chogwirira Thunder mwala panjira yomweyo. Ntchito yawo inali yoti thanthwe mawonekedwe, pakati Etenom Falkone. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ziboliboli anafunikiranso kupirira yotopetsa maganizo nkhondo, monga bwalo onse pamodzi ananena kuti mwala ayenera anasiya monga ndi kanthu sizisintha.

Komabe, nthawi imeneyi mbuye anali ndi kuthekera wake. Ndipo ngakhale otsutsa anayesera kuti aipereke monga kunyoza mlendo pa Russian lokongola, Catherine anapereka chilolezo kwa processing wa pedestal ndi.

Ena akunena kuti msewu changati chimwalacho losweka nazigawa pawiri. Kodi izo zinachitika chifukwa cha ntchito anachita pa mwala kapena pazifukwa zina, mbiri chete. Komanso, ife sitikudziwa kanthu za mmene anthu omwe anapita ophimba, pa nkhaniyi. Kaya adazindikira ngati ngoziyo kapena, Tikawonetsetsa monga madalitso, ife sitikudziwa.

Lotayako wa Bingu-mwala pena mu kudula, kumene izo Tingaone lero, ndi gulu anapitiriza njira yake ku Gulf of Finland.

Kukonzekera zoyendera ndi madzi

Komabe, pa kugombe la Gulf wa Finland anamanga Marina, ndipo chotengera lapadera kwa mayendedwe a mwala waukulu. Kulemera kwa katundu simukadaimira palibe analipo pamene Bwato. Choncho, luso chombo mbuye Gregory Korchebnikov anayamba kukhala zojambula, amene amayenera kumanga Pram - lathyathyathya-bottomed bwato, amene anayimitsa kulemera wolimba kwambiri.

Pramila kuti zikope zida zankhondo lolemera. Ndipotu zinali yaying'ono mafoni linga, zida ndi mfuti padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa. Komanso chiwerengero cha mfuti akafuna mayunitsi 38. Kuwonjezera kuti kulemera kwa mitima, onga ndi anthu amene ankatumikira mfuti, ndipo mukhoza kupeza lingaliro akhakula Pramila mphamvu.

Komabe, ngakhale izi sizinali zokwanira. Tinali kupanga chombo wamphamvu kwambiri. Kuti athe kubatiza Thunder mwala, Pram imbedded madzi kalembedwe mu izo. Pamene mwala anaikidwa pa chotengera, madzi anaipeza, nayamba ulendo wa Sea gawo njira. Ulendo zinayenda bwino ndi September 26, 1770 mwala anaperekedwa kwa Senate Square, kumene chipilala kuti Peter 1 lero.

Magawo lotsiriza la ntchito pa chipilala cha

Pa nthawi ya Saga lonse thiransipoti Eten Falkone sanaleke ntchito chosema lapansi. The chipilala 1 Peter chidwi nzika. Mu choonadi, ambiri amangowerenga osamvetsetsa, chifukwa kumanga whopper amenewa. Musaiwale kuti panthawi imeneyo palibe aliyense amene chipilala kunalibe mu dziko lililonse. Ndi pulasitala chitsanzo, anapanga zonse, zimene aliyense mwaufulu kuyang'ana pa bwalo shopu, chifukwa kwambiri miseche.

Koma anazunguzika nzika wamba sanapite poyerekeza aliyense ndi zimene mabwana. Pamene nthawi kuyamba kuponya fano, palibe amene anavomera kutenga ntchitoyo.

Falcone tinkaitana kuponyedwa fano mkuwa cha Peter 1, kulongosola umene wapatsidwa yekha mu mawu ambiri, wina wodziwa French mbuye. Komabe, pamene anafika, naona mmene ntchito, monga bwino ndi zofunikira za ziboliboli, ndiye chabe otchedwa Etienne wamisala ndipo anapita kwawo.

M'kupita Etienne Falcone anakwanitsa kupeza foundry, walola kutenga pa ntchito moona kufika. Pamene kukonzekera anapangidwa kwa ophimba wa Bingu-mwala, mbali ya njira imene mayendedwe, ukaponye Cannon wopanga Yemelyan Khailov. Ngakhale ndiye Falcone taonera wakhama ndi olondola. Tsopano iye anapereka kugwirizana ndi kuponyera chipilala yokha.

Inali ntchito yovuta. Ndipo sanali chachikulu lonse. Kamangidwe kwambiri wa chipilala kulengedwa ndi mavuto osayembekezereka. Ngati inu muyang'ana pa chipilala kuti Peter 1 mu St. Petersburg, muona kuti ali ndi mfundo zitatu zokha thandizo - kavalo miyendo yakumbuyo ndi mchira. Pokhalabe zofunika bwino - zovuta. sitima sikunali kotheka. Pa Ambuye ankafuna chimodzi chokha.

Kuonetsetsa mtendere wa chosema, ndi Falcone agwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo pachiyambi. Choyamba, izo anadzetsa zikuchokera njoka, amene akuponda kavalo, kachiwiri, mwa dongosolo mpanda wake kutsogolo kwa fanolo anali yakusatetezeka n'kakang'ono makulidwe wa chipilala, ndipo chachitatu, matani anayi a chitsulo winanso anawonjezera kuti croup kuti zinthu moyenera ake. Kotero, Petro 1 pa kavalo anayenera adzatsekeredwa Ufumuyo.

Tsoka mu kuponyera

zaka zitatu anapitiriza kukonzekera ntchito kuponyera kwa fanolo. Potsiriza zonse anali wokonzeka, ndi amisiri kugwira ntchito. Mawonekedwe a chipilala anali mu dzenje wapadera. Zingapo pabwino pamwamba limatsogolera ng'anjo, imene munthu chitoliro obliquely. Pakuti mipope izi otentha zitsulo anayenera kukhetsa mu mawonekedwe, mudzaze izo wogawana.

Kuti mipope izi sing'ambika pansi lililonse moto kuchepetsedwa iwo ndi mosalekeza mkangano. Koma m'kati akuponya mmodzi wa moto anatuluka. Iwo anapita padera, ndipo utakhazikika pansi chitoliro akulimbana, imene achitsulo anayamba kuyenda. Ndipo uyu, nayenso, chifukwa moto.

Anthu anathamangira kunja kwa shopu mbali zonse, Falcone anakomoka, ndi Khailov chimodzi chokha ayi osokonezeka. Mwamsanga kuzimitsa moto kumayamba, pafupi ndi mng'alu mu chitoliro dongo atsopano, anang'amba zovala zake, kunyowetsa ndi momuzungulira chitoliro losweka.

Zinali ndithu feat. Ndipo chifukwa osati Haylovu anakwanitsa khalani bata mwadzidzidzi. Kulimbana ndi moto zakhala zovuta. Foundry ntchito anavutika amayaka angapo kwambiri ndipo anataya diso. Koma uyamiko kwa Iye, ambiri ziboliboli anapulumutsidwa.

Chipilala Peter 1, "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" lero

zochitika zambiri mbiri aona mkuwa Peter Ine, pansi pa kulera kavalo muyaya. Business khadi ndi alendo St. Petersburg chipilala "The Mkuwa pamahatchi." Photo pa maziko a mofulumira kupanga malo, mwaphuma kuwonekera mawindo makamera. A muzu Petersburgers kuti kale kuno ukakhala gawo la ukwati.

Mungafunike kuona chipilala "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" (St. Petersburg) mwa munthu. Poona ntchito mabwana kwambiri, sanalole udzu ndipo amangokhala ali pikitipikiti, kumene ife tiri amakonda kukutayitseni chisangalalo amalingalira mosamala chosema lokongolali. Yesani ntchito padziko ndi kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Mudzaona kuya ndi kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe mu losavuta ili, pa Koyamba, chipilala.

Samalani tsatanetsatane: m'malo chishalo kumbuyo akavalo, mudzaona khungu nyama, ndi zovala, amene amavala mfumu zoona, kulibe nthawi iliyonse m'mbiri. The ziboliboli anayesera kuphatikiza miyambo Russian zovala ndi zinthu kavalidwe ka Aroma wakale. Ndipo ayenera kuzindikira, ankatha kuchita ndithu mwachibadwa.

Popeza kuti takambilana chipilala "The Mkuwa pamahatchi", ndi chithunzi chimene chili wotchuka mwa alendo, popanda mwachangu, inu adzachotsa ku likulu lakale la kuposa monga chithunzi ina zowoneka wotchuka, koma zimakhudzira zakalekale mbiri ya dziko lalikulu.