Cossack gulu lankhondo ndale - ndicho chimene chikwapu

Pa funso mwachindunji - kodi chikwapu, pali yankho molunjika - ilo liri verebu, kutanthauza zotsatira za ntchito mphamvu: kudula nkhonya, akumenyetsa, kuwaza. Choncho otumphukira - kudula, msewu kudula kudzera ndi nkhwangwa - umene wakale wakewu "Sich".

Nthawi ya m'modzi wa Cossack maina kuthetsa

N'zoonekeratu kuti mawu akuti "kukwapula" zikutanthauza mwatsatanetsatane opaleshoni ntchito - kudula, kusiya. Ndiko kunena kuti, kuchita zonse zimene tingathe molondola ndipo mwamsanga. Mwinamwake, mbali wapereka gawo latsopano mawu - kudziwa m'njira zamakono sizikutanthauza kuti mphako. Izo zikutanthauza - wina zapelengovat, zindikirani.

mawu anachokera ku mneni ichi ndi nauni "chikwapu", kusonyeza msasa Cossack. Cossacks anakakhala ku zilumba za otaya Dnieper anapanga pambuyo pamakomo munkakhala anthu anathawa. nyumba zawo, kusuta, zinapangidwa ndi mphamvu angaloŵe. Umateteza ku palisades lakuthwa (kukwapulidwa) pa wina kumapeto mbali. Mwachionekere, mfundo kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "chikwapu" mutu wa midzi Cossack anabadwa, koma nthawi pamodzi ndi iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi mayina ena magalimoto - Gorodets, Palanca ndi Kosh. Mawu oyamba latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku chinenero Turkey monga linga kapena redoubt, wachiwiri amatanthauza kuthetsa Cossacks, ongokhala 38 fodya ndi kutsogozedwa ndi Ataman-kosh. Palanca kenako mwanjira nkhabe cibodzi pa, mwina chifukwa dzina akadali ndi Turkey, kuti Cossacks sanali. Kosh kutanthauza kuthetsa yaing'ono.

chipangizo Administration kuthetsa

Kulimbikitsidwa likulu Cossack, likulu, amene amakopeka ataman onse - ndicho chimene chikwapu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ndi mfundo amphamvu inasanduka malo otetezedwa bwino mu Nawonso achichepere kuti tionetse Chitata nkhondo, asilikali ndi mayunitsi utsogoleri kuti zimamangidwa motsatira malamulo a mpanda luso. Pakatikati ali danga misonkhano Cossack, ndiye kusuta (utsogoleri unit wa mabanja ndi mtsogoleri wawo), malo ndi arsenals, Mikate Yapamwamba ndi masitolo golosale m'masitolo mfuti ndipo ndithudi mpingo. Onse portages makoma ndi chemba ndi mkulu zadothi khoma. Kutchula koyamba za mfundo yakuti oterowo chikwapu, anatchula chaka 1530.

Ikani Zaporozhye Sech

Pa maiko pakati pa Dnieper ndi Kumwera Bug, m'dera la pano Dnepropetrovsk, kumanga ndi kuthetsa loyamba Cossacks. Mapangidwe woyamba kuthetsa lalikulu kugwirizana ndi dzina la wotchedwa Dmitry Vishnevetzkogo, anamanga nagonjetsa pa Krymskoe Hanstvo zokhalamo. Pachilumba cha Little Khortytsya inamangidwa woyamba matabwa Nyumbayi-m'dziko, amene pamodzi ndi dera la m'mphepete anadziwika monga Khortytsia chikwapu, inasandulika chilikati cha boma Cossack. Likulu la m'nthawi yake kulephereka angapo, ndipo ife tikudziwa ena mwa maina ake anasintha, ndipo madera wotanganidwa ndi izo. Ndi nthawi otsiriza Sich Cossack dziko pafupi kukula kwa England yofanana ndi yomwe ili pa zilumba. Izi anali wamphamvu chilli umoyo ndale wotchedwa Zaporizhzhya Sich, makhalidwe ndi miyambo imene amadziwa zogwirizana ndi usilikali ndipo utsogoleri unit wa Republican boma Cossack. Mphamvu anali voti.

Romance Zaporozhye Sech

Kukwapula yokha, makhalidwe ndi miyambo yake imene yatchedwa mwatsatanetsatane N.Gogol nkhani "Taras Bulba". Ndi kapangidwe Kupititsa ndi ana ake Andrew Ostap kwa anthu Mphindi loyamba kufika. Malamulo ndi miyambo panali chabe, koma iwo anali amphamvu. Mwina njira yokha ndi maphunziro ndi anathandiza zinthu ya nkhondoyo zonse zankhondo. The aakulu linali lamulo applicable kwa wakupha. Ndi kuika mmanda anakumba ndi kum'tulutsira bokosi la ochitiridwayo, ndiye onse m'manda. Ndi akuba komanso alibe mwambo. Iwo zamangidwa positi, lotsatira kumanzere ndodo aliyense amene akufuna kugunda. Nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndi imfa. amangawa amangiriridwe si kudyetsa, osati anadyetsa mpaka chiwombolo. Iye akhapidziwa kuti zinalimbitsa kwambiri khalidwe lawo lenileni ndi Cossack. Asilikali olimba mtima, mfundo apamwamba ubwenzi ndi utumiki kwa Lathu, wokonzeka kupereka moyo wawo chikhulupiriro anachoka mu zaka ulemerero wa Zaporozhye Cossacks. Asilikali ubale ndi thandizo mwagwirizana wofunika kuposa chilichonse. khalidwe lawo mokondwera kumaonekera chithunzi Repin "The Cossacks." The funso - kodi chikwapu akhoza anayankha kuti kunali sukulu kulimba mtima Cossacks wamng'ono.