CPL-fyuluta ndi kugawanika zozungulira. maphunziro kujambula

Kodi polarizing fyuluta CPL? Ichi ndi chida lofunika kuti aliyense wojambula zithunzi ayenera kukhala mu thumba lawo. Monga Polarizer bwanji chithunzichi? Pofuna kukhala yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale zokhudza mphindi ino, nthawi zambiri tiyenera nthawi yaitali kuyetsa. M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzila mmene kufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi mochuluka monga mankhwala akhoza kuchita ntchito kosavuta (ndi zina zoipa) munyengo zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi Ufumuyo CPL-Sefani? Iye nthawi zonse pamaso disolo kutsogolo. Kodi chipangizo ntchito bwanji? Iwo Zosefera chinyezimiro mwachindunji dzuŵa pansi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino opredelennіmi. Si mwa malo, monga ena mithunzi kuwala nthawi zambiri wolemera ndi zambiri anamwazikana. Kugwira ntchito ndi chipangizo ichi imafunanso kuwonjezeka mu kukhudzana (monga ena cheza ndi anapanduka). Kulamulira mbali kusefera ndi chifukwa chipangizo kasinthasintha. Kuyambira kupeza mzere wa maganizo a wachibale dzuwa kuti mphamvu ya mmene zimatengera.

kasinthasintha fyuluta

Pamene ntchito CPL-fyuluta, ndipo mukhoza kupeza zotsatira pazipita? Pokhapokha ngati mzere wa view kamera ndi perpendicular dzuwa. N'zotheka kulingalira, kutumiza index chala dzuwa, ndipo chala nthawi yomweyo kuwayika iye pa njira yoyenera. Pamene inu atembenuza dzanja, kunenanso kuwala kwa tsiku, aliyense Inde, amene adzasonyeza chala chanu adzaona mzere wa zotsatira apamwamba polarizer lapansi.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti CPL-fyuluta adzapereka zotsatira zabwino mu madera awa sizikutanthauza kuti ndi iwo ntchito yake adzakhala kwambiri noticeable. Kapu kugawanika adzaoneka pamene imazungulira, amene angasinthe ngodya za masana. Pofuna kuona ntchito sefa, ndi bwino yatsani izo, kuyang'ana pa anasonyeza kamera kapena viewfinder ake.

Mu ntchito za lonse ngodya mandala akhoza analandira chifukwa zosayenera, kuyambira zotsatira kugawanika zimadalira ngodya ya. Mbali ina ya chithunzi akhoza adzaikidwa pa mlingo woyenerera kwa dzuwa, ndi zina - kwa iye. Pankhaniyi, mbali imodzi ya chithunzi polarizing zotsatira sadzakhala noticeable, koma ena - izo Tingaone.

Zikuonekeratu kuti Chotambala magalasi opanda ungwiro. Komabe, kutembenuzira "polyarika" kungathandize nthawi zina moyo. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri anaika zotsatira kwambiri kutchulidwa kwa kugawanika pafupi m'mphepete kukona kwa fano.

mafotokozedwe

Ojambula kulenga zithunzi apamwamba ntchito mitundu iwiri ya Zosefera: liniya ndi kugawanika zozungulira. zipangizozi amakhala ndi mabacteria anapambulwa wolemera magetsi kuwala. Ndi thandizo lawo, kuchotsa pansi, inu mukhoza kulimira kuwala kwamphamvu, kapena kugwila malo kunja pa zenera popanda chinyezimiro chake pa galasi.

Zosefera liniya kuchita ntchito yosavuta - iwo kusinthidwa kuwala wadutsa mu ndege imodzi. Zipangizo ndi kugawanika zozungulira kupereka mwayi cheza, nkombero kusinthidwa. Iwo refraction aliyense kunyezimira ali n'kukhala ozungulira. Ndipotu zozungulira "polyarik" sikusokoneza ndi autofocus zimapangitsa mosaphonyetsa kungoganizira padzuwa, ndi angathe kuikidwa pa makamera onse (kuphatikizapo akulu).

Choncho glare osafunika amagwiritsidwa inathetsedwa, monga chipangizo ndi kugawanika liniya. CPL-fyuluta amapereka "woyera" ozungulira refraction kuwala kokha timaganiza yeniyeni. Mu yoweyula mbale njira kuwala kusiyana pakati pa njira ya kuwala kwake yosavuta chachilendo ndi chimodzimodzi kotala ya m'litali. Pakuti adziwana dzulo ena onse chipangizo adzasonyeza zimakhudza elliptical.

Zosefera zozungulira usagwiritse mpumulo, mtengo awo ndi apamwamba. Kunja kwa chipangizo anaika ochiritsira liniya chipangizo, ndi mkati - mbale kota-yoweyula kuti otembenuka liniya kugawanika mu ozungulira.

chithunzi

Polarizing Zosefera kwa kamera - Zipangizo zoyendera magetsi zake, cholinga kuthetsa zotsatira osafunika (mawunikidwe, glare), kuwala kuchepa (ndi kuwonjezeka zinachitikanso machulukitsidwe) za kumwamba ndi zinthu zina kukwaniritsa zokongoletsa. Iwo amaoneka ngati Zosefera wamba, koma ndi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo magawo a makulidwe ofanana amene angathe atembenuza momasuka.

Monga ntchito CPL-Sefani? Kodi chipangizo ichi? mbali kumbuyo ndi tili m'mavuto kuti mandala, anthu a mtima amusankha ndi kutembenuzira theka kutsogolo mwanjila iliyonse. The gawo kutsogolo akhoza okonzeka ndi ulusi mkati, amene Ufumuyo kudzera zotulutsira cholinga chivundikiro yamazinga kapena Zosefera ena kuti ndi mwayi wakuti.

zigawo zosiyana awapatse kudzawala zinthu kuwala ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana kugawanika, amene synchronously kubisa wina fyuluta n'zosatheka. Komanso, mu chimango cha nkhani kuumbidwa kungakhale ambiri. Zikatero, ntchito zonse zambiri anapotoza Zosefera polarizing, ndi onse kupatula kumbuyo, ayenera linearly magetsi. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa compensator kuwala nayika mu fyuluta zozungulira kumathandiza kukwaniritsa zotsatira za zipangizo zina kuti akhoza adzaikidwa kuseri kwa icho.

The zambiri wotchuka ndi polarizing kutseka maso ndi? kachulukidwe ake kuwala ambiri imeneyi osiyanasiyana kuchokera ziwiri mpaka zisanu. Pakhoza kukhala mtundu kupotozedwa. Nthawi zambiri, ena zipangizo ndi dontho limodzi lokha kuti asiye mu dera violet buluu, chifukwa chimene fano analandira ndi kulocha wobiriwira. mafoni Cheap angathe kubereka bwino mwatsatanetsatane onyansa. "Polyarik" pamodzi ndi "zoteteza" UV-inhibiting fyuluta ndi opareshoni chipangizo mu zithunzi kwambiri.

tsatanetsatane

Childs, fyuluta polarizing amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mbale awiri la galasi. Pakati pa iwo aikidwa polaroid filimu ndi liniya dichroism. chinthu ichi ndi wosanjikiza ena a mapadi nthochi chikukhudza lochititsa chidwi chiwerengero cha microlites ting'onoting'ono herapathite (kwinini sulphate iodide pawiri).

Ntchito ngati ayodini-polyvinyl filimu ndi zochokera unyolo polima synchronously. Lathu microlites zofanana view za kuthengo magetsi, ndi unyolo polima akuuzidwa kuti makina anatambasula. Zozungulira fyuluta, kuwonjezera, ndi okonzeka ndi compensator kuwala - kota-yoweyula gawo mbale. Kudzera mwa gawo ili zingadziŵike njira kusiyana la cheza awiri ayamba. Iwo amagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi chodabwitsa iwiri refraction kwa kuwala mibulu.

Kutembenuka kwa kuwala

Zambiri ndi wosiyana cheza nawo imathamanga osiyana. Awo kuwala amayesetsa njira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, kupeza sitiroko kusiyana anayeza makulidwe a krustalo, kupyolera mu zomwe. Iwo anaika pa njira ya kuyenda mtengo polarizer ndipo zimayenda pa msonkhano mpaka nthawi monga oscillation ake olamulira adzakhala sizigwirizana ndi nkhwangwa kuwala.

Mmalo awa, mbale kota-yoweyula otembenuka matabwa linearly magetsi kulowa m'kuwala circularly magetsi (kapena mosinthanitsa) ndi kukula kusiyana sitiroko kuti madigiri 90. Ndi ziwalo anapangidwa zonse "polyariki". Kusiyana mu mtengo, ndi monga choncho chifukwa zigawo zina: zodzitetezera antireflective, madzi kufumbwa.

maonekedwe

Pamene fyuluta polarizing kwa mandala anawapanga? mankhwala unayambitsidwa kudzera chitukuko cha zinthu za TTL basi kamera, amene, mosiyana ndi zithunzi, akhala amadalira zotsatira za luso getsi.

Ndichachidziwikire kuti liniya-kugawanika cheza kumalepheretsa metering ndi SLR makamera pang'ono ziletsa ntchito gawo basi moganizira.

Mu zakuthambo, "polyariki" ndi lopangidwa ndi zipangizo zimene anaphunzira kusintha zozungulira ndi liniya zinthu kuwala m'dziko mlengalenga.

kuyang'aniridwa Polarizing ndi njira yoyambirira apeza zokhudza mphamvu za kuthengo maginito mu zigawo kupoletsa cheza pa nenani, atumiki woyera.

Nikon CPL

Polarizing Sefani CPL Nikon 52 mm - chinthu chopindulitsa kwa malo kujambula ndi amene mukufuna kutenga zithunzi apamwamba. Pali zifukwa zosachepera zisanu ndi chimodzi chimene muyenera kukagula izi:

• Pakuti zithunzi za madzi (kumakhaladi mdima ndi zina mandala).
• Kuwombera zokongola (kuwonjezeka "machulukitsidwe" kumwamba ndi obiriwira).
• Pakuti kulasa cham'mbali pawindo (kuthetsa glare ndi mawunikidwe kwa galasi).
• Kupha mawunikidwe pa tsiku dzuwa (madzi, galasi, makina).
• Kuwonjezeka shutter liwiro kwa angapo imasiya (pamene kutero).
• Mandala chitetezo amadza makina.

Kugula fyuluta iyi n'kofunika amene paulendo kumayiko ofunda - ndi chida chofunika kwambiri pa ulimi wa zithunzi zokongola. Mu dzuwa lowala chipangizo ichi bwino chithunzi khalidwe ndi kuwonjezeka Mosiyana ndi machulukitsidwe, kuthetsa Chifunga.

zoletsa

Anthu amene akufuna kuphunzira mmene kutenga zithunzi zabwino, maphunziro kujambula odziwa. Kagwiritsidwe fyuluta polarizing? m'mimba mwake Napempha kwa chipangizo n'kofunika kukhota pa kamera mandala. Onsewo ndi galasi mu sefa, muyenera kusankha digiri Napempha kwa kugawanika, kulola adani kuthetsa glare kwa madzi kapena galasi ndi zambiri fluffy ndi woyera mitambo, zonse za mlengalenga.

Pali zoletsa zina pa ntchito zipangizo ngati:

• Onsewo kugawanika fyuluta ayenera kuonedwa kuti zotsatira ankayembekezera Kuchepetsa m'dera adzaikidwa pa 90 digiri ku malo oyambirira. Ngati chipangizo ndi zimayenda madigiri 180, kuzemba uyu adzachititsa fano boma koyamba.
• "Polyariki" pansi kamwazi kuwala kulowa CCD kamera kudzera disolo, kotero akatswiri zambiri kuwonjezera bwino pa siteji padzuwa 1-2.

zolakwa

maphunziro kujambula ndi zofunika oyamba kulenga zithunzi apamwamba. Tidapeza kuti "polyariki" kwambiri. Mwatsoka, ali kuipa zotsatirazi:

• Chifukwa cha ichi, padzuwa zida kuitanitsa kuwala kochuluka mu nthawi 4-8 (masitepe 2-3) kuposa masiku.
• Iwo ayenera njira zina za dzuwa kuti zotsatira zabwino.
• Ndi zosefera izi pa kamera viewfinder n'zovuta Asia.
• Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zida zodula kwambiri.
• Iwo amafuna kasinthasintha, choncho angathe kuonjezera kusankha zikuchokera.
• Kawirikawiri iwo sangakhoze ntchito Chotambala ndi zithunzi panolamiki.
• Ngati sefa chili chosatsuka, mwina kuchepetsa fano khalidwe.

Komanso, nthawi zina chinyezimiro chikufunika pachithunzipa. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri ndi utawaleza likamalowa ndi. M'pofunikanso aliyense wa iwo ntchito polarizer zokongola chinyezimiro akhoza kutha kwathunthu kapena pobloknut.

ayamikira ena

Zosefera kwa kamera - ndi zipangizo zovuta. Koma mukhoza kuphunzira kugwira nawo pa nthawi. "Polyarik" Nthawi zina ntchito ngati pakufunika kutero kuonjezera nthawi kukhudzana. Popeza akhoza kuchepetsa nthawi 4-8 (masitepe 2-3) opatsirana kuwala, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa madzi ndi mathithi.

Ngati inu kuvala polarizer ndi pa lonse ngodya mandala, akhoza kulenga m'mphepete catchy kunachita mdima fano ( "vignetting"). Popewa izi, mwina muli kugula kwambiri "wochenjera" mtengo mwina.

polarizers zozungulira anakhazikitsako dongosolo AF ndi metering chipinda anapitiriza ntchito pamene atavala sefa. Liniya "polyariki" mtengo kwambiri, koma iwo sangathe ntchito ndi makamera kwambiri digito SLR (popeza ntchito gawo kudziwika autofocus ndi TTL - metering kudzera disolo).