Dichroic galasi. Izo zikuwoneka ngati ndi kumene ntchito

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, palibe luso chionetsero gawo glassware kapena zodzikongoletsera zopangidwa ndi golide ndi siliva si popanda luso ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali katswiri, chirengedwe chimene ambuye ntchito dichroic galasi. Mu kuphatikiza mawu, pali chinachake zamatsenga, monga mfundo yokha. Pamodzi ndi dzina la zipangizo zakale ndi zamakono, zipangizo zatsopano. Dichroic galasi - ndichiyani? Kutanthauza munthu angakhale ndi wapadera chonchi moona zachilengedwe zipangizo opangidwa? Tidzayensa kuyankha mafunso awa.

galasi matsenga

Woyamba Miphika, zikho, mitsuko, ndi mapulogalamu ena galasi ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa golide. Mizu mbiri ya zinthu izi ziyenera anafuna mu Roma. Luso ojambula zithunzi, engravers pa galasi, galasi-blowers, ndi zakale ndi zamakono Italy zodabwitsa, ooneka ndi Ndimagoma. Kungoyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu zinsinsi za glassmakers Venetian kulowa Europe. English, Spanish, Czech, German, French ambuye anali kuyesera kuti afike mlingo wa aphunzitsi chilumba cha Murano mu galasi ndi luso woyera. Zimachitika anali, koma kumenya Avenetia sakanakhoza kukhala wina aliyense. Dichroic galasi - ndi mankhwala amakono a kupambana atsopano kupanga zinthu zakale. Zina zamakono, koma kuti si wopanda chikondi mu nkhani ya kugwa m'manja mwa ojambula zithunzi izi.

mitundu iwiri mu chikhalidwe

Dichroic pamwamba akhoza kusintha mtundu. Zithunzi osiyanitsidwa a iwo analandira ndi ambuye wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano galasi Venetian. Nthawi zambiri, "dichroism" - ndi chodabwitsa kuwala. The pomasulira liwu a Chigiriki, "di" - awiri "hroz" - mtundu, mwachitsanzo "mitundu iwiri" ... Pali zinthu ndi zipangizo timatha kusonyeza yoweyula m'litali ndi kupambana zina. Kunja, izo zikuwoneka ngati zikusefukira, n'kuti pamene ankaona kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Onse aona wonyezimira maso mphaka, ngati shimmering buluu, nthenga wobiriwira pa mchira pikoko ndi mapiko a kafadala lalikulu. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za dichroism - mtundu agulugufe otentha Margot. Njirayi imatchedwa chidutswa cha kumwamba padziko lapansi - choncho ali ndi lalitali kwambiri mtundu buluu. Mfundo zodabwitsa ndi mapiko okha ndi colorless. Kusintha mtundu sadzafika chifukwa mtundu, koma chifukwa cha katundu kuwala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana nanovkrapleny mu tsitsi mphindi kuphimba nkhope kukongola kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke lapansi. Izi zimatha chomwecho cha zigawo thinnest kashiamu carbonate kuti kuphimba mwala, kupanga izo ngale. Nature lili ndi zitsanzo zambiri. luso anthu ndi patsogolo zamakono asiya kuti akonze opangidwa chuma ndi katundu zofanana.

Bwanji, zimene

Poyamba, makasitomala lapadera nano-❖ kuyanika pa galasi kuwala anali US National Aeronautics ndi Space Administration. Zosefera Dichroic, prisms, kalirole ankagwiritsa ntchito mafomu a asilikali ndi Azamlengalenga. Zosefera awa ntchito kalirole ngati apadera, kunyezimiritsa kuwala si chidwi sipekitiramu wa. The makulidwe a multilayer ❖ kuyanika pa iwo - si kuposa oti timaganiza kuwala. Nanoplenki zigawo zopangidwa oxides kapena nitrides wa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi theka-mtengo wapatali. Ntchito ya zotayidwa pawiri, chromium, pakachitsulo, zirconium, magnesium, titaniyamu, golide, siliva. Aliyense kutsitsi ndi wapadera ndi unrepeatable. Icho ndi chimene chinachititsa anthu kuti kudzinenera mtendere kulenga - ojambula zithunzi, okonza, zokongoletsera, jewelers - kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wa nkhaniyi wapadera m'zonse ntchito zawo. Ambiri yopanga alendo kwa galasi dichroic ndi zodzikongoletsera zabwino. Zida ndi makamaka ntchito za kupopera dihroikov - odula kwambiri, choncho mtengo wa mankhwala luso kugwirizana ndalama.

utsi dihroika

wosanjikiza dichroic ❖ kuyanika umisiri ndi wapadera. Mfundo ndi ofanana ndi madzi a m'magazi polojekiti. Mu unsembe m'chipinda chapadera, hadron collider amatikumbutsa preheated digiri mazana awiri, kupanga kuyamwa. Izi zikachitika, pamwamba pa mankhwala plasma zitsulo amapezeka. An mfuti elekitironi kugogoda ma elekitironi therefrom amene waikamo padziko galasi. ❖ kuyanika analandira mwa kusakaniza mu galasi pa mlingo atomiki choncho cholimba kwambiri. Mu njira iyi, ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana zitsulo tatchulazi akhoza kulandira Zosefera mazana angapo mithunzi. Komanso kuwonjezera zosiyanasiyana ntchito analola monga maziko kugwiritsa ntchito kutsitsi wa kapu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

chifukwa galasi

Galasi monga maziko amasankhidwa ndi mwayi. Izi amorphous mandala zakuthupi. Galasi lamkuwa ndi utakhazikika mwamsanga, palibe nthawi kuwumitsa. The chigawo chachikulu yopanga galasi ndi silika. Kagwiridwe kupanga ndi zina zosiyanasiyana kudziwa makhalidwe monga amadza kukana, kulimbikira, kutentha kukana, kukana kuti madzi ndi mankhwala ndi zina zotero. Pakuti sputtering mafunsidwe dichroic ntchito olimba borosilicate galasi kukhala limatsogolera mfundo mkulu. Kuchokera katundu wa galasi, osakaniza oxides zitsulo, makulidwe ndipo chiwerengero cha nanolayers mafunsidwe chifukwa palokha mtundu, chowala, iridescence.

Mwayi kwa m'maganizo

Ambuye kusakaniza ndi lampverka yaitali anayamikira ubwino wa zinthu zopangidwa kuti si wochepa ndi kukongola kwa miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi osowa. Dichroic galasi kulenga manja ake popanda zipangizo zina zapadera n'zosatheka. Tsopano izi kuti musachite. M'misika apadera osiyanasiyana dihroikov monga mapepala lonse kapena zochepa mtengo zidutswa. Kuti akonze kachikumbutso, ndi zithunzi za mazenera osiyana muyenera kuganizira ngakhale a koyefishienti matenthedwe kukula. Izi index njira zamakono galasi ayenera anasonyeza ndi Mlengi. Nkofunika kuti ESR zinali chimodzimodzi ku zigawo zosiyana kugwira ntchito kuchokera zidutswa ndi inclusions pa kuzirala si wosweka ndipo si losweka. Chifukwa ojambula, ndiAmene zodzikongoletsera ndi manja awo, masitolo Intaneti kupereka dichroic galasi mu mawonekedwe a mikanda ndi cabochons. mikanda Dichroic ndi chowulungika, kuzungulira, oblong. Cabochons - mu mawonekedwe a Zimakhala zazikulu mosiyanasiyana zojambula, akutsikira, nyenyezi ndi mosiyanasiyana chodabwitsa. Mu zosiyanasiyana izi zonse mitundu anaumitsa kwambiri lonse zosiyanasiyana okhutira.