Borosilicate galasi: mapangidwe, kupanga ndi ntchito

Kupereka zipangizo chikhalidwe makhalidwe wapadera kalekale wamba ntchito. Zamgululi ndi katundu kumatheka chitetezo mankhwala, kuchuluka kuuma ndi kutentha kukana ntchito mphamvu zomangamanga, luso lopanga zipangizo zomangamanga ndi zina. Iwo sakhala wopanda chidwi ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa yomweyo zinthu zosagwira moto. Choncho, ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala borosilicate galasi, tableware imene kumasiyana mu chomasuka ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu katundu chotchinga.

The zikuchokera galasi

Luso ndi thupi katundu zipangizo ofunitsitsa ndi zinthu ziŵiri - processing njira kupanga ndondomeko ndi zigawo za zikuluzikulu zija. Mokulira galasi ili ndi nthumwi ya gulu zipangizo wamba silicate, zomwe ndi zochokera oxides. Uwu ndi mndandanda zofunika zigawo zikuluzikulu kuphatikizapo ndi sodium carbonaceous, mchenga silika ndi okusayidi calcium, i.e. laimu. Pankhaniyi, borosilicate galasi amakhala ndi kukhalapo mu kapangidwe ndi mbali inanso, zafotokozeredwa ambiri sanali muyezo khalidwe la kukonza. Onse silicate zikuchokera anawonjezera okusayidi boron, ndipo kuti limapereka kulimbikira galasi kuti kusintha kutentha. Inde, uwu galasi zikuchokera ano si monga waika zinthu kusinthidwa njira, kuganizira kwambiri mfundo zenizeni zofunika mankhwala chomaliza.

ndondomeko galasi Kupanga katundu

The njira ambiri yopanga borosilicate zinthu zofanana ndi luso kupanga magalasi wamba. Pa kuphika mbaula waukulu Sungunulani aggregates zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutentha kuposa 1300ºC. Phula misa aumbike pa mapanelo wapadera zitsulo. Malinga ndi njira za ndondomeko zimatengedwa ikuchitika borosilicate galasi chinsalu cha kukula anapatsidwa. Mbali ya njira iyi kuti mapepala analandira si kudula konse ndipo sitisintha, ndipo anamaliza mawonekedwe ntchito ndi wosuta mapeto.

Magalasi awa kenako anasonkhana mawindo, zitseko, ndi nthawi zina, ndi firewalls. A chiwerengero chachikulu amakampani chinkhoswe mu yopanga magalasi amenewa, lolunjika pa kupanga mbale itatha. Izi zikhoza kukhala timachubu, muli, mbale zolowa, ndi ziwiya zina ntchito yakuthandizani ndi malo luso thandizo. Anachita pa zipangizo zina zapadera makina kudula ndi kupukuta ingots ku chomwe pambuyo likukhalira zasayansi glassware mu njira zosiyana. Kwenikweni, kusiyana waukulu kupanga zinthu ochiritsira analogues silicate ndi gulu la mayendedwe kutentha apamwamba.

Main makhalidwe a galasi

Galasi la mtundu uwu n'kopindulitsa katundu ambiri ndi makhalidwe ntchito. Izi makamaka lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana panyumba pomwe galasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Monga muyezo, chuma chingathe kupirira kutentha pansi kwa -80ºC ndi 525ºC pa mlingo wochepa. Kuyambira mfundo ntchito maganizo zinthu zasayansi malo oyamba payenera kukana ndi kuukira mankhwala. Iwo anapatsidwa makhalidwe zachipatala chubu. Borosilicate galasi ndi inertia ake ndi okwanira kuti wosuta akhoza molondola kuteteza zili zidulo, salt, alkalis, ndi mankhwala organic. Iwo amatchuka ndi makina mphamvu zakuthupi. Popeza kachulukidwe koyefishienti wa zapansi borosilicate kuposa magalasi silicate, ndi bwino kutetezedwa ku chiopsezo kumawononga thupi. Komanso, wamphamvu zotsatira matenthedwe musamuononge padziko galasi mu zidutswa ang'onoang'ono, ndipo zimaphulika gulu limene anapanga ndi kukutetezani yosamveka m'mphepete.

Miyeso ndi mtundu linanena bungwe

mbale apadera zambiri opangidwa kuyitanitsa Labs ndi malonda mankhwala. Komabe, kupanga zipangizo pepala kupereka ena mfundo kumasulidwa. Makamaka, makulidwe a gulu galasi kungakhale 6-12 mm. Pamene cholakwika ichi ndi amangoona zosakwana 0,3 mm. Zolemba malire kukula, amene pepala wapangidwa kutentha zosagwira galasi, kudzera mwa chimango kukula 150h300 kuona. Koma, mobwerezanso, pa pempho, makampani ambiri mu kukhalapo kwa mphamvu zamakono komanso kukweza magawo a ulimi. Koma kufunika osachepera, ndiye kuti zinali mtundu wa masentimita 10x10, wamng'ono unit wa kumasulidwa kwa galasi.

Minda ya ntchito

Monga tanenera kale, makhalidwe a nkhani yabwino yoti ntchito Laboratories, makabati zipangizo zachipatala, etc. Zolinga zimenezi, opanga kubala flasks, muli, machubu ndi mankhwala ena. Zingalowe m'malo chubu cha borosilicate galasi, kupatula mu makhalidwe wapadera thupi, ndipo ali ndi mbali structural. Ngakhale kuti chabe ngati chubu Ndipotu awiri a iwo, ndipo iwo amapanga zingalowe m'malo. Iwo umupeza ntchito ndi pepala lake chikho cha mtundu uwu. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ngati partitions ukadaulo kuwala ndipo akuphunzitsa malo ndi zodzitetezera.

Moto kumenyana borosilicate galasi

makhalidwe moto kukana amtengo makamaka mkulu - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro chifungulo cha zinthu borosilicate. Opanga kubala mapanelo lapadera kwa glazing ndi khomo chipangizo ndi zojambula zenera ndi katundu mkulu woteteza. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, glazing kangaude si moto kugonjetsedwa katundu komanso mphamvu mawotchi. The lonse kachitidwe muyezo pulasitiki zenera anagwiritsanso ntchito kutentha zosagwira galasi, atetezedwe matenthedwe. Okonzeka kafalitsidwe ndi lawi kugonjetsedwa zipangizo kamangidwe ka denga ndi pansi pamalo.

Yosaloledwa ntchito magalasi

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana za lonse la katundu opindulitsa luso, borosilicate mankhwala ndi zoletsa zina pa ntchito. Pankhani mogwirizana ndi ndi lawi lotseguka, nkhani amatha kusunga moto si oposa ola. nuance Izi si amalola ntchito magalasi amenewa mu zipinda ndi zofunika wapadera chitetezo moto. Pali zoletsa ntchito zina. Makamaka, zasayansi glassware sangaime kukhudzana ndi asidi hydrofluoric ndi hydrofluoric. Limakhudza anthu machubu mayesero flasks soda caustic, zotsatira za zomwe zimakhazikika ndi kutentha. Palokha, kutentha kwambiri si kuwononga galasi, koma kusiyana lakuthwa musalole zinthu atengere kapangidwe ka nthawi.

Pomaliza

mankhwala Borosilicate galasi sayenera kuonedwa ngati chuma chapadera chitetezo akulimbana kwa adani mankhwala ndi moto. Tikhoza kunena kuti ndi yaing'ono ndipo ngakhale kuthandiza makhalidwe kuti zigwire kusintha magwiritsidwe antchito mankhwala azitsamba. Komabe, borosilicate galasi, kupatulapo makhalidwe zoteteza, masitolo ndi katundu monga chilungamo ndi kufala kuwala. Choncho, kuphatikiza mphamvu mawotchi, moto kukana ndi chuma translucent tinganene kuti lapadera. Osachepera amenewa mbale zasayansi, yomwe, kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe pamwamba, alinso akadakwanitsira inertness.