Dongosolo la macheke ndi miyeso - Kodi maziko a chiphunzitso cha Kulekana kwa mphamvu za. Nthambi zitatu za boma

Dongosolo la macheke ndi miyeso - angagwiritsire ntchito mfundo Kulekana kwa mphamvu za. Chiphunzitso cha kufalitsidwa kwa mphamvu za ulamulilo pakati matupi angapo ndipo mabungwe amene amagwira ntchito paokha Chrixitu, anayambitsa zaka zambiri zapitazo. Icho chinali chifukwa cha chitukuko yaitali ya boma ndi kupeza njira zothandiza popewa zikamera wa despotism. Dongosolo la macheke ndi miyeso - ndilochokera pa mfundo ya Kulekana kwa mphamvu za, embodying kutero mu maonekedwe a chakudya zogwirizana ya malamulo. Pamaso pa chotero limagwirira ndi chinthu chofunikira cha boma voti.

Dziko wakale

Ganizo Kulekana kwa mphamvu za inayambira kalekale. Zitsanzo za kafukufuku wake ongolankhula ndi ntchito zothandiza mungazipeze mu mbiri ya Greece. Wandale ndi wopanga malamulo Solon anakhazikitsa dongosolo Athens Boma limene panali zinthu za Kulekana kwa mphamvu za. Mulungu apasa wofanana mabungwe awiri: Bungwe la Areopagi, mazana anayi. Matupi awa awiri boma ziziyenda bwino mmene nkhani zandale m'dziko kudzera mwa ulamuliro mangawawo.

Lingaliro la Kulekana kwa mphamvu za anali kukonza ndi wakale Greece dzina Aristotle ndi Polybius. Iwo anatchula ntchito boma chipangizo chimene zinthu constituent ndi palokha ndipo amachita choletsa mangawawo. Polybius poyerekeza dongosolo ndi chombo moyenera, anatha kupirira mkuntho uliwonse.

chiphunzitso chitukuko

Medieval Italy nzeru zapamwamba Marsilius amapemphera ntchito zake zoyenera chilengedwe cha boma yakale, anafotokoza mfundo zosiyanasiyana za boma malamulo ndi wamkulu. Malinga ndi iye, mkulu wa udindo ndi kugwilizana ndi kuti anakhazikitsa. Marsilius amapemphera amaona kuti ufulu kulenga umakondwera malamulo ali kokha anthu.

Dzhon Lokk

Mfundo Kulekana kwa mphamvu za Enanso ongolankhula chitukuko mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano. The English nzeru zapamwamba Dzhon Lokk anayamba chitsanzo cha anthu wamba zochokera mlandu wa mfumu ndi olemekezeka apamwamba malamulo a. Apadera woganiza lolunjika pa Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo akuluakulu malamulo ndi wamkulu. Dzhon Lokk ali allocated wina - feduro. Iye anandiuza kuti yamtunduwu wa nthambi ya boma pazikhalanso nkhani zamtendere ndi yachilendo ndondomeko. Dzhon Lokk amanena kuti Chigawo cha udindo komanso mphamvu pakati pa zigawo deta atatu a dongosolo BOMA adzachotsa ngozi moonetsetsa mphamvu zambiri mu manja. English malingaliro nzeru zapamwamba ambiri analandira m'mibadwo yanu.

Charles-Lui De Montesquieu

Kuzifotokoza Dzhona Lokka zinakhudza kwambiri pa aphunzitsi ambiri komanso andale. chiphunzitso chake cha pa Kulekana kwa mphamvu za mu nthambi zitatu kusintha malamulo ndipo anayamba wolemba French ndi loya Montesquieu. Izo zinachitika mu zoyambirira za m'ma 18. Kapangidwe ka anthu a m'dera limene ankakhala, Mfalansa, makamaka anapitiriza mbali khalidwe la feudalism. Kukonza chiphunzitso cha wolemba ankaoneka kuti m'nthawi yake kwakukulu kwambiri. Chiphunzitso cha Charles-Lui De Montesquieu pa Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo mphamvu zosiyana kwa chipangizo cha monarchical France. mayiko a ku Ulaya pa nthawi imeneyo anapitiriza mfundo za zigawo akale kuti kugawanitsa anthu mu cholowa otchuka, atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi anthu wamba. Today chiphunzitso cha Montesquieu imatengedwa tingachipeze powerenga. Iwo wakhala mwala wapakona wa boma lililonse demokalase.

The chakudya yaikulu ya chiphunzitso

Montesquieu anatsimikizira kufunikira kwa Kulekana kwa mphamvu za mu malamulo, yemwe ndi zachiweruzo. Delineation ndi deterrence mwagwirizana zinthu zitatu dongosolo boma tinapangidwa kuteteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa olamulira ankhanza ndi kuponderezana. Montesquieu anakhulupirira despotism wa mawonekedwe oipa kwambiri a boma zochokera mantha. Iye anatsindika kuti ankhanza zinthu basi monga mwa chifuniro chake, ndipo musati timatsatira malamulo alionse. Malinga Montesquieu, kaphatikizidwe nthambi zitatu za mphamvu zivute zitani kumabweretsa mwankhanza.

French woganiza ndi mfundo za uziyenda bwino dongosolo anagawa ulamuliro: pasakhale kuthekera subordination a mbali imodzi ya dziko la ena awiri.

The Constitution US

Ganizo zosiyanasiyana nthambi zitatu za boma wapeza mawonekedwe malamulo m'kupita kwa zisinthe American ndi Nkhondo ya wodzilamulira. The Constitution US wakhala zonse anasonyeza chitsanzo chakale ya Kulekana kwa mphamvu za boma, mwakuchita Montesquieu. American atsogoleri andale awonjezera ena patsogolo, mmodzi amene ndi dongosolo la macheke ndi sikelo. Izi limagwirira ulamuliro tonse nthambi zitatu za boma. A chopereka kwambiri kuti chilengedwe chake anapanga chachinayi Pulezidenti US Dzheyms Medison. Dongosolo la macheke ndi miyeso - ndi alipo pakati pa mphamvu za boma; olekanitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, khoti kuti ndilengeze null ndi achabe kusankha aphungu, ngati sizili ndi malamulo. Pulezidenti, monga nthumwi ya mphamvu wamkulu, komanso ali ndi veto. The yamtunduwu wa Pulezidenti woika oweruza, koma candidacy awo ziyenela kuvomelezedwa ndi nyumba ya malamulo. dongosolo la macheke ndi miyeso - Kodi maziko a chiphunzitso cha Kulekana kwa mphamvu za ndi limagwirira kwa tanthauzo lake mogwira ntchito. Chakudya cha Constitution US, mwakuchita Madison, akadali kwenikweni.

Federation Russian

Mfundo anakonza ndi Montesquieu ndi atsogoleri zapamwamba wa American utasintha, aphatikizidwa m'malamulo a m'mayiko onse demokalase. Mu masiku Russian Federation Constitution komanso enshrined Kulekana kwa mphamvu za. Limatchula za kukhazikitsa mfundo imeneyi kuti lidzigwira ntchito yolongosoka nthambi zonse pulezidenti wa dziko Nawalanditsa, amene si yokhala a aliyense wa iwo. Udindo chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo khama kwambiri ndi State Duma ndi Bungwe la Federation, woimira nyumba yamalamulo bicameral. Kusonyeza mphamvu wamkulu ali wokhoza wa boma. Amakhala ndi mautumiki, ntchito ndi mabungwe. Zakuweluzidwa kwa milandu latsopano la Russia imayang'anira ntchito ya malamulo ndi amayankha malamulo watengera malamulo. Komanso, limafufuza unali woyenerera zochita normative wosindikiza boma. The Constitution lili ndi mutu wapadera pa milandu latsopano la Russia.

United Kingdom

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mu dongosolo boma la United Ufumu wa mfundo ya Kulekana kwa mphamvu za Iyayi kuonekera. Mu UK, pali azimuth mbiri ya merging ya malamulo ndi matupi akuluakulu. Nduna limabweretsa chipani wandale wamphamvu kwambiri. Iye anapatsidwa mphamvu zikuluzikulu, ndipo kawirikawiri amakhala thandizo la aphungu ambiri. Ufulu wa zamalamulo si funso, koma zilibe kwambiri bwanji ntchito matupi ena amanena. ulamuliro wapamwamba UK kuti kale kale chimango malamulo. Oweruza sangathe kutsutsa zochita kuvomelezedwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo.

France

The Constitution la Republic Chachisanu ali ndi malo apadera mutu wa boma osankhidwa ndi mavoti otchuka. Pulezidenti French chimaika ya Nduna ndi mamembala a boma, ndiyo mfundo yachilendo ndipo amachititsa zamtendere ndi maiko ena. Komabe, udindo waukulu wa mutu wa boma akhoza okha kwambiri magulu ake otsutsa yamalamulo.

The Constitution French amapereka Kulekana kwa mphamvu za. Nthambi Yolamula imakhala ya Pulezidenti ndi nduna. ntchito malamulo a National Assembly ndi Senate. Udindo wa macheke ndi sikelo kusewera mabungwe ambiri palokha kuti ali mbali ya nthambi wamkulu. Kawirikawiri kulangiza yamalamulo pa ngongole zosiyanasiyana. mabungwe awa zinthu monga owongolera ndipo ngakhale atapatsidwa mphamvu malamulo.