Driopithecus: nthawi ya moyo, malo okhala ndi makhalidwe a

Padangokhala (pa Upper Miocene) m'madera a Africa East ndiponso ku Northern India anali zolengedwa, mwina akalambula zinachokera anthu amakono. Kenako adayala kwa Asia ndi Ulaya. Iwo anali driopithecus.

Nkhaniyi itithandiza yesani kuyankha mafunso zokhudza zilombo izi: kodi driopithecus, nthawi ya moyo, malo, mbali structural, ndi kuphunzira zambiri za chitukuko cha anthu onse.

A pang'ono za mbiri ya kusanduka dziko lapansi

Poyerekeza ndi mbiri yonse ya anthu, Ukachenjede nyengo inatenga nthawi yaitali (70 - 1 miliyoni malita zapitazo ..).

Ndipo kufunika kwa nyengo iyi mu mbiri yonse ya Dziko Lapansi, makamaka chitukuko cha zomera ndi nyama, ndi zoopsa. Masiku amenewo, panali kusintha ambiri mu maonekedwe a dziko lonse: panali phiri madera, kumalo, mitsinje ndi nyanja, zambiri wosinthika akulongosola pafupifupi m'maiko. mapiri iliyonse: Caucasus, ndi Alps, ndi Carpathians, anali kuukitsa chigawo chapakati cha Asia (Pamir ndi HimalayasI).

Kusintha kwa nyama ndi zomera

Pa nthawi yomweyo patsogolo lasintha mu nyama ndi zomera. Panali ulamuliro wa nyama (nyama). Ndipo zofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi ndi kuti pa mapeto a nthawi ya Ukachenjede ndi baba wapafupi wa munthu masiku ano. Pakati pawo driopithecus, pa moyo wa pafupifupi miliyoni. 9 Zaka.

Pa malingaliro a munthu

Kumapeto kwa chitukuko chachikulu munthu zamoyo adanyamuka ndondomeko. Limafotokoza apamwamba mlingo wa chitukuko. Ndani munthu yekha pa maganizo Lapansi - «Homo sapiens» (m'njira yosiyana - "Homo sapiens").

Ambiri, pali malingaliro ambiri a magwero a anthu. Malinga ndi malingaliro a chipembedzo, chirichonse, kuphatikizapo anthu, analengedwa ndi Mulungu (Allah) kuchokera m'nthaka (nthaka chonyowa). Poyamba, dzuŵa ndi dziko lapansi zinalengedwa, ndiye madzi, nthaka, mwezi, nyenyezi, ndipo kenako nyama. Kenako, panali Adamu ndipo kenako mnzake Hava. Motero, chomaliza - chiyambi cha anthu ena. Kenako, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi pali malingaliro atsopano pa nkhani ya zikamera anthu.

Mwachitsanzo, Swedish wasayansi Linnaeus (cha 1735) analenga dongosolo la zinthu zonse zamoyo zimene zilipo kale. Motero, munthu Iye anafotokoza mu anyani (gulu la nyama) ndi anamutchanso "Homo sapiens."

The French zachilengedwe Zh. B. Lamark, nayenso, maganizo za chiyambi cha anthu kwa nyani.

Zofunika anthu monga mwa Darwin - driopithecus (Miocene nthawi ya moyo).

Magawo a akalambula moyo wa munthu ndi maina awo

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono paleontological, ndi makolo akale a munthu - nyama wosazindikira (insectivores), zomwe wafunsira kwa subfamily parapithecus.

Musanayambe tikudziwa amene driopithecus (pamoyo wawo), kupereka tanthauzo la subspecies ena.

Zikamera parapithecus unalembedwa pafupifupi 35 miliyoni zapitazo. Izi otchedwa nkhuni nyani, amene anayambitsa ano orangutans, gibbons ndi driopithecus.

driopithecus ndi chiyani? Iwo poludrevesnye ndi polunazemnye anthu anaonekera za miliyoni zaka 18 zapitazo. Iwo wafunsira Australopithecus, anyani ano ndi anyani.

Australopithecus nawonso, ndi zaka 5 kapena kuposa miliyoni zapitazo m'chipululu cha Africa. Iwo anali kale kwambiri anyani chokwawa padziko 2 kunsana miyendo, koma mu theka akuyesetsa malo. Mwina iwo anakupatsa pakhale otchedwa Homo habilis.

"Homo habilis" unakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi 3 miliyoni zapitazo. Iye ankaona kholo la archanthropines. Ndi panthawi imeneyi anali kuwasandutsa anthu, kuyambira mu nthawi ino zinalembedwa woyamba zida achikale. Archanthropines anali ndi zoyamba za kulankhula, ankatha kugwiritsa ntchito moto.

Ndiyeno panali anthu akale - akalewa (paleanthropic).

Nthawi imeneyi, pali kale anali kugawikana kwa ntchito: akazi chinkhoswe mu processing wa mitembo nyama, kutolera zomera edible, ndi amuna chinkhoswe mu kusaka kuti zipangizo ndi kusaka.

Ndiyeno, potsiriza, anthu amakono (kapena Neanthropines) - Cro-Magnons. Iwo oimira sapiens Homo, anaonekera zikwi 50. Zaka zapitazo ndipo anakhala mabanja. Iwo ankachita ulimi, ziweto. Panali zoyambira za chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo.

Driopithecus: nthawi ya moyo, malo, mbali structural

Zotsalira za mitundu anazipeza Miocene ndi Pliocene madipoziti. Mwa iwo, monga mwa chowonadi cha asayansi ochepa - makolo a anyani anyani ndi munthuyo.

Iwo ankakhala ku Ulaya (18.9 mln. Zaka zapitazo). Pali kutsimikizira anapezazo ofanana mu Africa East ndi North India. Onse mu maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe, iwo anali ofanana kwambiri anyani ndi anyani, koma pang'ono achikale.

mfundo osati ochuluka kwambiri anasunga molondola adzaweruza malo awo ndi makhalidwe ake. Iwo kungopereka maganizo za mmene angakhalire driopithecus (nthawi ya moyo, malo okhala, chakudya, etc.). Ambiri mwina, iwo anadya udzu makamaka osiyana (zakutchire zipatso, zipatso, masamba), ndipo anakhalako pa mitengo.

makhalidwe ake akunja ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi anyani masiku ano anyani: anafika ndi pafupifupi kutalika 60 masentimita, ndi thupi ranged kuchokera makilogalamu 20 ndi 35. Pankhani njira ya driopithecus amafanana gibbons zamakono orangutans.

Iwo yodziwika ndi chitukuko bwino miyendo chapamwamba, anataya chotenga mbali mu gulu lawo.

Komanso pali zina zapadera: iwo anali masomphenya binocular ndi chapakati mantha chitukuko dongosolo.

Tanthauzo la "driopithecus"

Mawu driopithecus ( «Dryopithecinae») amachokera ku Greek «drýs» - mtengo ndi nyani pa «píthekos», anyani mwachitsanzo akukhala mitengo.

Zizindikiro Common nyama ndi anthu

Driopithecus - zinatha subfamily wa anyani lalikulu. Kupezeka choyamba cha malasha izi zinachitika mu 1856 ku France pa madipoziti Saint-chaka kuyambira zaka zaka 15 kuti 18 miliyoni. Ndani ankadziwa za Darwin ankakhulupirira driopithecus wamba kholo la anthu ndiponso anyani anthropomorphic (Africa) - anyani ndi anyani.

About driopithecus ubwenzi ndi anthu chimasonyeza dongosolo la nsagwada ndi mano kuti kuphatikiza mbali ya anthu ndiponso anyani. Mano ndi m'munsi lofunika driopithecus ofanana kwambiri dongosolo kuti molars anthu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mwamphamvu anayamba mano ndi kukhalapo kwa makhalidwe ena kawirikawiri cha anyaniwa anthropomorphic.

Pafupi anthu - Darwin driopithecus, nthawi ya moyo - Middle Miocene. mtembo wake anapezeka ku Austria.

Pa ena oimira yamakono ya nyani mtundu

"Wamng'ono m'bale" wa makolo a anthu kwadzaoneni kumbuyo, ndipo anakhala pa mbali ina ya njira ya kusanduka kutsogolera kuchokera nyani munthu. Ena mwa mitundu nyani (mapeto a nthawi Ukachenjede), zambiri ndinazolowera kokha kokha moyo pa mitengo, kotero iwo kalekale Ufumuyo rainforest lapansi.

Kukula kwa anyani ena patsogolo pomenyera kuli kwachititsa ndi kuwonjezeka mu thupi lawo kukula, kuphatikiza awo. Motero, yaikulu Meganthropus ndi Gigantopithecus. mitembo yawo anapezeka kum'mwera China. A mtundu womwewo ndi anyani ano. Ndi mphamvu ndi kukula pamene tikukhala mu nkhalango anakula ndalama ndi kupweteketsa zamoyo ubongo.

Pomaliza

Pali nkhani zambiri kwambiri ndi mayankho kwa iwo za chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha munthu. Mwina kutulukira zinthu zatsopano mtembo wa chingatithandize kuwayankha.

Tikumbukenso kuti zotsalira za nyani ngakhale mu Georgia posachedwapa wapezeka. Mwina, ndi mtundu uwu ONOS kuti driopithecus, ndipo anapatsidwa dzina udabnopiteka (dzina Udabno m'madera).