Dzhon Neper: yonena za moyo wake. Dzhon Neper anatulukira?

Dzhon Neper (zithunzi chithunzi cha aikidwa pambuyo m'nkhani) - Scottish masamu, wolemba ndi wazamulungu. Iye anatchuka ndi kulenga mfundo logarithms monga chipangizo masamu kuthandiza kuwerengetsera lapansi.

Dzhon Neper: yonena

Anabadwa mu 1550 mu Merchiston Castle, pafupi Edinburgh (Scotland), mwana wa Sir Archibald Napier ndi Dzhenet Botuell. Pa zaka 13, John pa yunivesite ya St Andrews, koma anakhala panali mwina yochepa moyo, ndipo anali opanda maphunziro apamwamba.

About Napier oyambirira moyo pang'ono amadziwika, koma akukhulupirira kuti n'kupita kudziko lina, monga chinali chizolowezi pakati pa ana a anthu otchuka Scotland. Amadziwika kuti 1571 kale anabwerera kwawo ndipo ankakhala moyo wake wonse kaya Merchiston, kapena Gartnesse. Chaka chotsatira, Dzhon Neper anakwatira Elizabeth Stirling, amene anabereka mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pa imfa mkazi wake 1579 Napier anakwatira msuweni wake Agnes. ukwati wachiwiri m'banja angapo khumi, ana aamuna ndi aakazi mofanana. Pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo Napier mu 1608, iye ndi banja lake anasamukira ku Merchiston Castle mu Edinburgh, kumene mpaka imfa yake.

Theology ndi Kutulukira

Moyo Dzhona Nepera zinachitika pa pachimake mwa chotetana achipembedzo. Mokhudza ndi wotsimikizika asapita Chiprotestanti ndi Mpingo wa ku Roma, iye sanali kumuyembekezera kukondela, ndi sanachite chikondi. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti King James VI ya ku Scotland ankaganiza kuti inalowa wa Elizabeth I mpando wachifumu English, ndipo anali amaganiziridwa kuti andithandize wa Katolika Philip II, Mfumu ya Spain, kuti cholinga anali akwaniritsa. Msonkhano General wa Church of Scotland, umene kunagwirizana Napier, anafunsa mfumu kulimbana ndi Akatolika, ndi Yohane katatu, membala wa komiti, amene inati kwa mfumu za moyo wa mpingo ndipo adayesetsa kumuuza Iye kuti m'pofunika kupereka chilungamo adani a mpingo wa Mulungu.

kalata kwa mfumu

Mu January 1594 Dzhon Neper akatulukire kwa Mfumu ya Scotland ndi kalata imene "A mafotokozedwe yosavuta mavumbulutso onse a St. John" wake anakonza. Ntchito imene inali kukhala mosamalitsa sayansi Zikuoneka kuti, ndi zinthu zina ano. Iwo Napier analemba kuti: "kusintha kwa kukula ambiri m'dziko lako lidzakhala nkhawa zonse Ufumu Wanu, ndipo, poyamba pa zonse, Ukulu wanu kunyumba kwawo, banja ndi bwalo, aziphimba iwo kwa onse kukayikitsa papism, kusakhulupirira kwawo chosalowerera ndale, omwe ali vumbulutso limaneneratu kuti chiwerengero chawo chiyenera kuwonjezera kwambiri m'masiku otsiriza ano. "

Ntchito amatchulatchula mbiri Scottish mpingo.

Chitukuko cha zida

Pambuyo buku la "Nkhani yosavuta" zikuoneka kuti anayamba kupanga zida chinsinsi cha nkhondo. Mpukutu zosonkhanitsira, tsopano akugona pa Lambeth Palace mu London, lili chikalata lonjezolo ndi Dzhon Neper. Kuti anatulukira masamu Scottish Choonekera kuchokera mndandanda zipangizo analenga "mwa chisomo cha Mulungu ndi ntchito ya ambuye" kuteteza dziko lawo. Pakati pawo pali mitundu iwiri ya kalirole incendiary, mbali ya zida zankhondo chidutswa ndi galeta zitsulo, kumene mukhoza akatemera kudzera mabowo ang'onoang'ono.

Zopereka masamu

Dzhon Neper zaka za moyo wake zoyenera kuphunzira masamu, makamaka chilengedwe cha njira magawowa mawerengedwe, wotchuka umene ndi njira logarithms, lomwe masiku ano lili ndi dzina la Mlengi wake. Iye anayamba ntchito, mwina mwamsanga 1594, pang'onong'ono kompyuta dongosolo limene mizu ya mankhwala ndi quotient a manambala akhoza msanga masamu ntchito mlingo tebulo ndi chiwerengero atathana kuti ntchito monga maziko a.

anathandiza kuti chida champhamvu masamu limafotokoza Mfundo ziwiri: Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio ( «Kufotokozera zodabwitsa kunsonga kwa logarithms"), lofalitsidwa mu 1614, komanso Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio ( «Kupanga ovomerezeka zodabwitsa za logarithms"), zomwe inafalitsidwa mu awiri zaka pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba. Mu phunziro loyamba anafotokoza njira Scottish masamu zomwe zinachititsa kuti chidali chifuniro chake.

Chepetsani kompyuta

Logarithms anali wosalira ndi mawerengedwe, mu chulutsa makamaka, chimene chinali chofunikira kwa zakuthambo. Napier anapeza kuti maziko mawerengedwe izi panali ubale pakati pa masamu kupitilira - manambala zinayendera, omwe ndi kuchita masamu ndi kupitirira zojambula mu isanafike kuchulukitsa izo ndi chinthu zonse kuposa 1 (mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko 2, 4, 8, 16 ...), kapena zosakwana 1 (mwachitsanzo, 8, 4, 2, 1, 1/2 ...).

Mu Descriptio, kuwonjezera pa kufotokoza chikhalidwe cha logarithms, Dzhon Neper zinali zochepa lonena madera awo ntchito. Iye analonjeza kufotokoza njira yomanga awo mu ntchito ina. Zinali Constructio, amene ayenera kuganizira za mmene mwadongosolo mfundo decimal kupatukana mbali fractional a manambala kuyambira lonse. Decimals akhala anagonjera ndi Flemish injiniya ndi masamu Simon Stevin mu 1586, koma kalembedwe wake anali wolemera. Mu Constructio lofala monga mfundo olekanitsa. Swiss masamu Joost Burgi mu zaka 1603-1611, kaya masamu Scottish anatulukira dongosolo lake la logarithms, amene anali kufalitsidwa mu 1620, koma Napier ntchito pa iwo pamaso Burgi ndi chofunikila linaperekedwa kwa iye chifukwa cha tsiku kale buku la 1614.

Rabdologiya ndi ndikuyenda

Ngakhale Kutulukira logarithms ndi John Napier imaonetsa ntchito zake zonse zina, zopereka ake masamu satanthauza. Mu 1617 anafalitsa wake Rabdologiae, seu Numerationis pa Virgulas Libri awiriwa ( «Rabdologiya kapena mabuku nkhani ziwiri mothandizidwa ndi timitengo", 1667), limene anafotokoza njira yoyambirira ya chulutsa ndi kugawikana ndodo yaing'ono oblong olekanitsidwa ndi mizere yopingasa pa mabwalo 9 kuvala manambala. zipangizozi ndi chifukwa nkhaniyo, lotchedwa ndodo Napier anali wotsogolera wa ulamuliro Wopanda.

Iye anaperekapo zofunika kuti ndikuyenda ozungulira, makamaka ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha maikwezhoni ntchito posonyeza ubale trigonometric, khumi ndi ziwiri. Iyeyu amatamanda mitunduyi trigonometric ofanana Napier, koma zikuoneka kuti English masamu Henry Briggs komanso anali nawo drafting iwo.

Dzhon Neper anamwalira pa April 4, 1617 mu Merchiston Castle.