Ebola ndi chiyani? Ebola: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, zotsatira

Africa. Ebola. Okamba zonse ndi lipoti Alamu limapezeka pa dziko lapansili lotsatira mliri mliri olusa HIV, mphalapala amachotsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri. Mutu wakuti "Ebola" zobisika matenda opatsirana kwambiri ndi mlingo wapamwamba imfa mwa kulankhula mpaka 90 peresenti ya odwala.

Ebola ndi chiyani?

Hemorrhagic malungo - ndi pachimake tizilombo matenda chifukwa cha HIV wa Filoviruses banja pa luso pprovotsirovat amataya magazi anthu ndi zina anyani subspecies.

A mbiri pang'ono

Tizilomboto anali woyamba olekanitsidwa ndi lotseguka mochedwa 70 ntchentche wa XX atumwi ku Africa, ku Zaire, m'chigawo cha madzi njira ya mtsinje wa dzina chomwecho chomwe pambuyo anatsimikiza dzina lake monga "Ebola". Dziko limene woyamba wolembedwa mliri foci, anapereka dzina kwa subtypes ambiri ndipo masinthidwe causative wothandizira.

Mliri zinachitika kangapo, koma chiwerengero cha kuika kachilombo ndipo akufa palibe kuopseza limati ozungulira mpaka 2014. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, matenda aloŵa M'mayiko ambiri, naonekera kuopseza lonse mapulaneti (linanena ndi ofufuza za WHO ndi kutsogolera).

Inu mumalowa bwanji?

Ebola chiri, izo zakhala pang'ono bwino. Koma momwe dzipulumutse matenda amenewa sioneka? Amadziwika kuti chitukuko cha kudwala amafuna mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi chonyamulira a. Ndi kuti, osachepera mpaka posachedwapa, kunali koyenera kupita wakuda Africa, monga Africa - chachikulu zachilengedwe wosungira matenda amenewa.

Iwo anaona kuti chinyezi wa mitengo m'dera ndi madera kumadzulo kwa Pacific gombe amalenga yabwino kwa malonda a matenda amenewa, kuphatikizapo anyani ambiri, mileme, agwape ndi porcupines ali kukhudzana zambiri pafupi ndi Aaborijini m'dera. Anapatsidwa mphamvu mkulu wa tizilomboto matenda kukhudzana mokwanira ang'ono ndi madzi wodwalayo kwachilengedwenso, kuphatikizapo magazi, mkodzo, malovu ndi secretions ena.

Kumwera Africa amadziwika miyambo yake yeniyeni m'manda, komanso pang'ono ndi inadequately kulemekezedwa komwe malamulo a ukhondo, umbuli, kuphatikizapo madokotala, amenenso amasankha khalidwe la anthu ambiri ku matenda opatsirana.

chipatala khalidwe

Nthawi yochepa imene matenda ya khateyo pambuyo mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi wodwalayo ndi zofunika kuika kwaokha miyeso lapitali masiku angapo masabata 3. Ngati pa nthawi iyi pali zizindikiro khalidwe, Akufunika kuukitsa alamu, ndipo onetsetsani kuti kuchipatala.

Kukomoka, malungo akuwonetseredwa nonspecific anachita kumayambiriro Antigen ndi chitukuko cha mofulumira Poyankha immunological. Malungo, kupweteka ndipo thupi lonse, mutu, zilonda zapakhosi, kufooka ambiri, ndi kufooka si wosiyana matenda ofanana kuyambira chimfine kapena ofanana zizindikiro pachimake kupuma.

Chachikulu kusiyana ndi maonekedwe a ndowe, mkodzo, masanzi mitsempha kapena m'malovu magazi, komanso totupa hemorrhagic khungu, scleritis, intestine, chifukwa tropism wa tizilomboto kwa endothelium mtima ndi chitukuko cha magazi mkati kapena kunja kuti ndi akupha matenda anayamba.

kudziwika matenda

pofuna kukwaniritsa khalidwe chithunzi matenda, ndi njira zina anayendera akhoza kudziwa mtundu ambiri a Ebola, kapangidwe antigenic ndi chitetezo zoteteza opangidwa ndi thupi. Kuwonjezera zitsanzo magazi zagonjetsedwa kwa kufufuza malovu ndi mkodzo. Izi si olanda njira Kupenda ntchito mosamala Kuphunzira ndipo mwamsanga kuti kachilombo.

Zasayansi kusanthula kale akudwala leukopenia Amowabu ndi thrombocytopenia, komanso michere cytolytic maselo chiwindi, kusonyeza kuti kuwonongeka limba.

Mankhwala a malungo hemorrhagic

Mavuto yosamalira matenda kamodzinso kuwonetsa chikhalidwe wopulupudza matenda monga Ebola. News kuti chitukuko posachedwapa katemera watsopano pofuna kuthana izi pathologies oopsa Mukungoyamba kukumana ndi ziyeso matenda, ndi zokhumudwitsa.

Ngati njira waukulu wa chithandizocho panopa ntchito zakumwa zobwezeretsa ndi detoxification mankhwala kubwezeretsa kutanganidwa madzi ndi electrolyte bwino thupi. Mankhwala kutumikiridwa onse kudzera m'mitsempha pakamwa, malingana ndi kuopsa kwa alili.

Experimentally kudzera pa maziko a Sera m'thupi siinafike yake zotsatira matenda. Mankhwala ogwira ndi otetezeka angafunike nthawi ina amene zina depresses maganizo ndi mantha kuzunza anthu, chifukwa kuti ndi Ebola, wakhala kwa zaka zoposa 30, koma mpaka sanalandire njira ya chitetezo izo.

CHENJEZO ndi kufala kwa mlili wa AIDS

Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti onse odziwika kwambiri matenda oopsa M'pofunika mwamsanga ndipo efficiently localize. Ndi mavuto tatchulawa ndi Ebola, ayamikira posachedwa amene ayenera mosamalitsa namtsata.

miyeso kutchinjiriza kwaokha mu ulemu wa onse ojambula, komanso achipatala ayenera kwathunthu akuyendera. zipangizo zonse zoipa, kuphatikizapo zovala, zovala zamkati, zinthu zina ukhondo, ndi consumables zachipatala mawonekedwe a syringes, droppers, magolovesi ndi zinthu zofanana, kutali zedi sayenera kupopera mankhwala kapena kuwataya mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za malamulo a ukhondo.

Ndipo, ndithudi, ayenera kukhala pa nthawi ndi kwathunthu kudziwitsa anthu za mtundu wa matenda - Ebola. Posachedwapa pa mbali zonse za vutolo komanso kumuopseza zotheka ndi malangizo pa chitetezo ku matenda ndi kachilombo adzakhala zothandiza kwambiri, makamaka okhala maiko African.

Tiyenera kukhala na mantha ya mliri mu Russia?

Kodi kutsimikizira virologists zoweta, Ebola mu Russia sinafalikire. Ngakhale polemba nthenda pa malire a dziko lathu Russia alibe chifukwa nkhawa imene imabwera mliri. Kumene, njirazo alendo ndi malangizo m'mayiko kachilombo, umene Mosakayikira n'komwe pamene akukonzekera kutchuthi tsogolo kunja.

Pa malire a miyeso kumatheka ulamuliro akubwera, makamaka kwa mabacteria ndi oopsa kwa Africa.

Madokotala anachenjeza ndi ophunzitsidwa kudziwa milandu. maphunziro dipolo kupanga katemera ndi mankhwala pofuna kuthana ndi wothandizila causative. M'mawu ena, Ebola mu Russia kupeza kukana amphamvu, izo salola kumwazikana kuzungulira dziko.

Kupumula kapena kupuma, kuti ndi funso?

Tourism zambiri ndiwo ndalama kwa ndalama boma, ndi kudziwa chifukwa m'mayiko ambiri safuna kutseka kapena salola kulowa lapansi. Ndithudi, izi likukhudza kwambiri choyamba kubadwa kwa Liberia, Tunisia ndi oterewa "kudwala" boma.

Koma musaiwale za mmene malo Russian achisangalalo, komanso inali pa dera la Africa. Ambiri anali mwina chidwi kufunsa ngati pali Ebola ku Egypt. Malinga ndi mawu posachedwapa yotentha ndi m'boma, mliri ofanana mliri sanayambebe chizindikiro. phukusi la miyeso ndi kukaniza kuyeza akutsatiridwa kuwaletsa.

Kukwera kapena kutenga ulendo, aliyense imalongosola okha. Pambuyo kudzifufuza kuyambirira kudziwa zolakwika zotheka mu udindo thanzi, mogwirizana kwambiri ndi malamulo a ukhondo, njira yake chiphaso cha mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa kusatetezeka akhoza sanamvere. Makamaka Ebola ku Igupto osati taonera kale.

ndi madokotala ananena zawo moyo ndi ziti?

Anaphunzitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane mbiri ya nkhani (zomwe ndi Ebola, kodi chipatala ake ndi zotsatira akuwuka kwa kuyan'anila), tingathe kumvetsa chifukwa Organization Mayiko for Health anazindikira chikanachitika mu otentha Africa mliri wa mwadzidzidzi pa dziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, mavuto amenewa kuyenda padziko lonse ojambula ali ndi kufala kwa malire a matenda amenewa ndi zosatheka.

Mkulu chiwerengero cha imfa, virulence wamkulu, chosowa zipangizo zokwanira ndi njira kuthandiza odwala mantha ndi amafanana zithunzi mafilimu tsoka ndi zomvetsa chisoni, makamaka mbiri ya Tizilombo Zida Convention, kunja kwa kudziletsa. Ndipo Mukaganizira kuti mbiri ya munthu ndi cyclical, ndi kuzungulira chiyambi cha mamiliyoni atumwi wotsiriza wa moyo unapululutsa "Spanish chimfine", zikuwavuta kukhulupirira chiphunzitso cha kusankha zamoyo. Chiyembekezo chokha amayambitsidwa ndi sayansi, mobwerezabwereza anapulumutsa anthu ambiri padziko ku zinthu zakupha a mitundu yonse. Padakali pano, ine ndingakhoze kokha ndikuganiza abwino, kumvera malangizo a Korneya Ivanovicha Chukovskogo ndi mofewa kuimba kuti: "Africa chiri choyipa, inde, inde, inde! Africa ndi woopsa, inde, inde, inde! Musapite ku Africa, ana, konse! "

m'malo epilogue ndi

Kuyenera anawonjezera kuti, malinga ndi atsopano WHO deta ku mapeto a October 2014, mwalamulo analengeza chigonjetso cha Nigeria pa matenda monga Ebola. News, komanso mawu zoterozo n'zochokera pa mfundo yakuti masiku opitirira 40 mu dziko sizilembedwa kubuka latsopano la matenda. Pafupi sabata pamaso kufala kwa tizilomboto wakhala kutsazikana ku Senegal. Mwachidule pamwamba pa zonse, akhoza anatsimikizira kuti matenda alionse amene angakumane ayenera anakaniza. Ndipo nthaŵi zovuta chitukuko anthu adzapita mu mbiri ya EPIDEMIOLOGY, kulola m'tsogolo kuganizira zolakwa zonse ndi zosiyidwa, ndipo osalola tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akanagonjetsa sapiens Homo.