Entomology - ndi kuti sayansi? Kodi kuphunzira entomology

Entomology - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za zinyama. Bukuli lili ndi kuphunzira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo. mawu olembedwa mwachindunji entomology. Mawu kuphatikiza ndi Greek. Ndicho ἔντομον - "tizilombo" ndi λόγος - "chiphunzitso." Pali ambiri tizilombo. Kuti ali pafupifupi 3 miliyoni mitundu. Choncho, kufufuza onse a iwo, thandizo ndi akatswiri ambiri.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Entomology - sayansi ya nasekomoobraznyh. Iwo anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma XVI. Anayamba mofulumira kusintha, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi ulimi (njuchi).

Ambiri mwa akatswiri otchuka anali ndi chidwi sayansi. Iye katswiri Darwin, Nobel Karl Von Frisch, wolemba Vladimir Nabokov, Professor Edward Wilson.

Kodi kuphunzira entomology

Mpaka theka la XIX atumwi, asayansi aphunzira thunthu zosiyanasiyana tizilombo, anachita mafupa kufotokoza ndi ziwalo kunja. Patapita nthawi, akatswiri anayamba kusintha mu dera limeneli. Anayamba kuphunzira tizilombo, powasamalira osati mafupa ndi ziwalo, komanso pa munthu ziwalo. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri.

m'madera ena

Entomology - nzeru za mitundu nasekomoobraznyh, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo:

• mbali ongolankhula njira zamoyo chitetezo mbewu.
• Mmene zakudya ndi zinthu kwa anatengera abiogenous njira tizilombo.
• Ethology.
• m'zinthu moyo wa tizilombo ontogeny.
• Entomofauna.
• Zamoyo tizilombo.
• Population entomology.
• The kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ndi embryology tizilombo.
• Madziko ongolankhula wa entomology othandiza.
• yogawa Geographical.
• Systematics.
• Paleontology.

Kufotokozera za malangizo

Chaka chilichonse akatswiri chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira kwa tizilombo kuti aone kufunikira ndipo kodi malo awo mu chirengedwe. Pa maphunziro ambiri a kafadala osiyanasiyana anayamba kugawikana mu mitundu zoipa ndi zothandiza. M'mawu ena, Entomology - kuphunzira tizilombo, omwe cholinga chawo chachikulu ndi kuphunzira khalidwe ndi maonekedwe a tizilombo, komanso chizindikiritso cha njira bwino kulimbana nawo.

Choyamba Ndikufuna kuganizira mfundo inayake. Yomwe zonse entomology kuphunzira, asayansi chidwi ndi mitundu ina tizilombo, kumene kungakhale onyamula chachikulu cha matenda ambiri. Zimenezi, chimawononga kwambiri thanzi la munthu. Komanso, palibe kwenikweni anali kuphunzira tizilombo kuvulaza osati munthu, koma zomera mbewu. phunziro ili mwatsatanetsatane yayenda bwino chidwi komanso zothandiza. Kubalana unkachitika parasitism ndi T. D.

maphunziro anali kuchitidwa zothandiza umalimbana kulimbana ndi tizilombo anati. Ife tinkakonda chidziwitso cha mawonekedwe ndi njira ya moyo wa aliyense wa tizilombo lapansi. Chifukwa cha maphunziro mwatsatanetsatane za chilengedwe komanso kuyang'anila yawo asayansi anatha kukhala njira kuwawononga. Choncho Entomology - sayansi kuti ali ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri. Polakwitsalakwitsa ndi njira ziwiri kulamulira tizilombo yapangidwa. Ndicho ena kupopera zomera ndi chakupha zinthu. njirayi limathandiza kuti kuwonongedwa kwa tizilombo izi. Komabe, zovulaza thanzi la munthu. Kumbukirani kuti, poyamba pa zonse, entomology - nzeru za kafadala ndi zina tizilombo zosiyanasiyana. Anaphunzira za iwo adzakhala ntchito zosiyanasiyana kafukufuku m'tsogolo.

Ubale ndi mitundu yosiyana

Kupezeka kwa entomology, angapezeke mu mabuku apadera ndi magazini za phindu lake ndi chitukuko. Mukamaliza kukambirana nkhani zimaonekeratu kuti ubwenzi winawake tizilombo ndi zovuta. Izo nthawizonse chidwi kuonera moyo tizilombo ya sayansi. Ndi nzeru wabweza kuchita. Makamaka ndimasewera anali deta kuonerera kuchokera mfundo ndi ongolankhula maganizo. Iwo likukhalira kuti mitundu ya kafadala ndi zochitika wamba monga parasitism ndi kudalirana. Mbali yoyamba - ndi pamene tizilombo wina amakhala kutali ayi. Lachiwiri - mwagwirizana thandizo kwa wina ndi mzake.

Nthawi zambiri majeremusi akhoza m'zinthu Diptera, ndi mitundu membranous. Osati kamodzi chinaoneka mfundo yofunika. Yankholo chakuti mitundu ina ya majeremusi akhoza kukhalapo chifukwa mitundu tizilombo zina, ndipo ena angakhale polyphagous. Nkofunika kukumbukira. Panali nthawi zina pamene majeremusi moyo likuvutika ena, ndiyeno wachitatu ndi wachinayi. Ndi zonse kuti kudalirana kwa, zodabwitsazi yakula pakati pa chiswe, nyerere. ammudzi akhoza kukhala nawo ambiri mitundu tizilombo ena. miyoyo yawo inakula. Kotero apo panali chinthu monga termitofiliya ndi myrmecophily.

Magulu waukulu wa Entomology

Pankhaniyi, pali kamba angapo. Entomology - sayansi ya tizilombo - amadziwikanso m'magulu angapo. Aliyense wa iwo kumatanthauza njira ina. Pankhaniyi:

• Private entomology tizilombo. Mbaliyi amalanga zotsatirazi:

- melittology (kuphunzira njuchi).

- Blattopterologiya kapena diktiopterologiya (mphemvu, nyerere).

- Dipterologiya (kuphunzira udzudzu ndi ntchentche).

- Gimenopterologiya (kafukufuku wa njuchi, mavu, okwera pylilschikov, chiswe).

- coleopterology (kuphunzira Coleoptera).

- lepidopterist (kafukufuku Lepidoptera).

- myrmecology (kuphunzira chiswe.

- Odonatologiya (dragonflies).

- orthopterology (kuphunzira dzombe banja, crickets).

- Trihopterologiya (kafukufuku caddisflies).

• General Entomology. Iye amafufuza dongosolo, zimene zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za ntchito tizilombo moyo, chitukuko munthu ndi malo awo.
• Ntchito Entomology. Ndi sayansi za zomera, zomwe zikuphatikizapo madera angapo. Aliyense ali ndi khalidwe nemaloznachimy. akuti:

- Forest Entomology.

- Chowona Zanyama.

- Medical.

• Ulimi Entomology. Iye akuphunzira mtundu winawake wa tizilombo. Ndicho anthu amene angawononge mbewu, zomera, nyama ndi anthu. Amaphunziranso tizilombo nawo kubereketsa zomera za zomera.
• Azamalamulo entomology. Pankhaniyi zikupereka malangizo ena. Ndiko kuti, izi entomology - sayansi ya tizilombo zokhudza sayansi azamalamulo kuti amaphunzira zoimira lingaoneke mu thupi la munthu pambuyo pa imfa yake. M'mawu ena, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo osiyana chitukuko cha mphutsi za blowflies akhoza kukhala nthawi kuli mtembo wa. Izi Entomology - sayansi kuti ali muyezo ena. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mtembo palibe mphutsi kapena mazira, ndiye imfa inali maola oposa anayi zapitazo. Ndipo ngati iwo ali, izo kupha pambuyo maola 6-12. Koma ngati mwakhala tsiku, kuti mphutsi zikuluzikulu akapezedwe pa thupi. 36 h. Iwo kuwonjezera kukula. Koma ngati masabata awiri zapita, pupation awo amayamba. The Chinese mu masiku oyambirira a entomology azamalamulo m'zaka XIII, anayamba ntchito ntchentche mphutsi kuulula milandu kupha.

Mabungwe a maphunziro apamwamba, kuphunzira sayansi

The mavuto a kuphunzira nyerere Russia, kusankha mabungwe otsatirawa:

- Moscow State University mu Museum wa Zoological (Moscow).

- Mu kuphunzira zasayansi wa entomology mu Far East Nthambi ya Russian Academy of Sciences (Biology ndi Nthaka Science). Iwo ankakhala mu mzinda wa Vladivostok.

- The Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of chisinthiko kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe). Ndi ili mu Moscow.

- Institute. Schmalhausen. Iwo lili Kiev.

- The Academy National wa Sciences ya Ukraine. Location - Kyiv.

- Issues zokhudzana ndi mitengo ndi entomology ulimi, kuphunzira pa Institute of Bzalani Chitetezo Russian. Ndi ili mu mzinda wa St. Petersburg. Ndipo monga mabungwe onse a maphunziro apamwamba amene anatsalira Soviet Union chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira kwa zomera. Kuphatikizapo mu anayambitsa malonda kafukufuku.

- Mavuto ndi entomology zachipatala kuganiziratu nkhosa zamphongo. Izi Institute of malungo ndi matenda parasitic.

- Ndiponso kuphunzira deta unachitikira ku mabungwe ena. Ndicho, mu German sukulu Entomological ndi Baltic Institute coleopterology.

Pakati pa mabungwe ambiri kuphunzira kwambiri sayansi mwachindunji kwa zaka zisanu anasankhidwa pafupifupi 25 545 nkhani zoyenera entomology.

mabungwe 5 Only taonera kwa mlingo wawo. Akuti: University of Florida, California, Riverside Cornell, Davis, Texas A & M.

Dipatimenti ya kuphunzira entomology

Iwo ali ndithu kuchuluka. Komabe, akuluakulu zinalengedwa:

- The University ulimi mu Kuban. dipatimenti analengedwa mu 1968.

- Pa University of iwo. University of Moscow mu 1925, mphamvu ya Biology ndi Dipatimenti ya Entomology zinalengedwa pano.

- Pa University of iwo. Timiryazeva (ICCA). dipatimenti analengedwa mu 1920.

- The Saint-Petersburg State University.

- Mu Saratov zokakamiza nkhawa ndi Dipatimenti ya Entomology unakhazikitsidwa. Ndicho, mu State University agrarian. Vavilov.

- Wina Dipatimenti ya Entomology unakhazikitsidwa mu maphunziro Stavropol apamwamba. Ndi State agrarian University. Vavilov.

Mabungwe nawo entomology

Mu 1859, Km Baer ndi Academician Semenov-Tyan-Shan analenga anthu Russian kuphunzira entomology. Mu Soviet Union linali dzina yotsimikizika - ". Onse-Union Entomological Society"

mabungwe amenewa zochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse. akuti:

- France.

- UK.

- Germany (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin).

- Holland.

- Belgium.

- Russia.

- America (anakhazikitsidwa mu 1867.).

- Philadelphia (1859 Est.).

- Canada.

- Italy.

- Cambridge.

- Germany.

Ndipo ena entomological muderamo:

- Ukraine.

- Britain.

- Japan.

- Brazil.

- Argentina.

- Venezuela.

- Spain (Asociación Entomolóxica Galega, Asociación Española de A Entomología, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Sociedad Andaluza de A Entomología (boletín), Sociedad Española de A Entomología Aplicada).

- Colombia.

- Mexico.

- Chile.

Palinso magulu mayiko: Mayiko Society of Hymenopterists, USA, Chipangano Palaeoentomological Society.

A kukhazikika bwino Union Mayiko Phunziro la tizilombo Social.

kope

Mfundo zikuluzikulu nthawi mabuku Russian sayansi anati ndi:

- "Entomological Review". Apa comprehensively pofotokoza ovuta malangizowo.

- "Onse-Union Entomological Society Zokambirana."

Komanso, pali mabuku:

- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).

- "Russian Entomological Journal." Iye anayamba inakhazikitsa mu 1992.

- "Eurasian Entomological Journal" (2002), etc ...

A zambiri zomwe zafotokozedwa mwadongosolo tizilombo latsopano la Russia akupezeka mu Mipikisano buku "la Russia ndi mayiko moyandikana (Soviet Union)." Mtundu wa mabuku imafalitsidwa m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse.

Pomaliza

Mutawerenga lemba limeneli, aliyense adzatha kuyankha funso limene kuphunzira entomology, ziti zingamvekere. Ndikofunikira kuwerenga mosamala tatchulazi. Komanso, mfundo angapezeke pa tsamba ili kuti ndi "molbiol". Entomology pali anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Ambiri ife tikhoza kukuuzani zambiri za sayansi. Ndi zinadzala ndi zambiri chidwi ndi zothandiza kwa anthu. Chinthu chachikulu - kukhala ndi chidwi pa nkhani imeneyi. Ndipo ngati inu mufika chofunikira kwambiri cha entomology, zidzakhala ndithu chotchedwa sayansi zothandiza.