Tizilombo mgwirizano chitsanzo cha ena nyama ndi zomera

Paleontology wasonyeza kuti ambiri a mitundu m'mbuyomu zinafa kwathunthu.

Bwino ndi amasowa m'chilengedwe - mfundo zotsutsana. Mbali yoyamba ndi chitukuko ndi kufalitsa mitundu pa dziko. Tizilombo mgwirizano ndi kayendedwe zamoyo zinachita, yodziwika ndi kuchepetsa malo okhala, chepetse chiwerengero cha anthu chifukwa maladjustment. Zimenezi limodzi ndi kuchepa mu kuchuluka kwa gulu limodzi la mitundu chifukwa kukakamiza zina, komanso kutha kwa mitundu.

Tizilombo mgwirizano ndi makamaka chifukwa imfa ya luso zamoyo atengere malo kusintha.

gulu limeneli ndi khalidwe la zamoyo parasitic, mbalame, zolengedwa akukhalabe mu mapanga kapena mobisa.

Tizilombo mgwirizano tinganene kuti chitsanzo cha majeremusi - flatworms. Mu ndondomeko n'zosiyana chitukuko zafewetsako mphamvu ziwalo, m'mimba dongosolo, mantha dongosolo. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali zipangizo zosiyanasiyana (slinging, suction makapu, etc.) chofunika kuti khamu m'matumbo. Mwachitsanzo, nkhanu wamkazi, kuwatsogolera njira parasitic wa moyo, linasiiratu zizindikiro zonse za arthropods, kusunga okha ntchito ya dzira kuika. Parasitic mu thupi kubala Bovine njoka zam'mimba za matepi biliyoni khumi mazira, omwe amaonetsetsa chitetezo cha thupi khamu. Choncho, izi amaonedwa mphutsi kwambiri wakhama.

Tizilombo mgwirizano ndi zomera achilendo. Monga mwa zamoyo, chitukuko n'zosiyana ndi yogwirizana parasitism. Mwachitsanzo, pali broomrape mbewu. Ndi parasitic pa dongosolo muzu wa mpendadzuwa, clover, hemp. Broomrape ali zimayambira dusky, ndipo masamba ake lonse-ngati mulibe chlorophyll. Iwo anadzetsa tsinde la mbewu ina mothandizidwa ndi zida zomatira ndi kukoka zakudya m'thupi khamu.

Animal asayambe kunja kuli zii moyo, thupi kayendedwe kotheratu pa siteji larval. Poyambira wa wotsikirapo awo. Tizilombo timeneti, makamaka, anati Pogonophora - nthumwi za mtundu winawake wa brahiata. anthu amenewa kwenikweni ngati nyama. Iwo amakhala pa nyanja ndipo akukhalabe. Pogonophora ali ndi mtima ndi ubongo Komabe, m'mimba ndi pakamwa pake yafupika. The tentacles ndi ziwalo kupuma. Mkati, iwo ndi tsitsi lalitali, zida ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Kenako kudziunjikira tizilombo. Pamene iwo (tizilombo) chimakhala Pogonophora imakoka tsitsi mkati. Mothandizidwa ndi michere wapadera, tizilombo ali m'mimba ndi odzipereka mu zophuka wa mkati. Kupezeka kwa m'mimba embryonic zikutsimikizira kuti kuli thupi ili mu makolo pogonophores. Koma chifukwa chakuti ndondomeko ya chimbudzi chikuchitika kunja kwa thupi, ziwalo m'mimba anali kusanduka.

Mgwirizano wa nyama wamoyo mobisa kapena m'mapanga, tingaganizire chitsanzo cha Proteus. Ichi ndi nthumwi ya gulu la achule, monga zimachitikira munthu. Nyama imeneyi amakhala m'mapanga. Pa mutu mbali zonse lili makutu kunja. Proteus kupuma ndi madzi ndi pa dziko. Mbali yoyamba lidalembedwa makutu, ndipo chachiwiri - kuwala. Popeza Proteus amakhala m'mapanga kwambiri, ali mawonekedwe Njoka. thupi lake chimaonekera, colorless, alibe pigment. Akuluakulu, anthu a ziwalo masomphenya ataphimbidwa ndi khungu, mphutsi ndi maso achikalekale. Iwo ali pa thupi ndi mitundu iwiri iwiri ya Proteus miyendo underdeveloped.

Monga maziko majini kusintha zamoyo zinachita zikubweretsa zosabvuta pa mlingo bungwe, ndi kusintha amachita.

Mu chitukuko cha dziko organic anatsindika mbali zitatu. Aromorphosis amadziwika kuwonjezeka mlingo wa gulu la zamoyo. Idioadaptation anatengera chilengedwe popanda kusintha kulikonse lofunika mu dongosolo kwachilengedwenso. The alibe akukhudzidwira ndi zosabvuta pa mlingo wa gulu la zamoyo.