Museum wa Tula gingerbread. Tula: zokopa

City samovars, gunsmiths, mogwirizana ndi gingerbread, malo ndinachoka handers - ambuye Russian a dziko lapansi. Zonsezi Tula, osungirako zinthu zakale ndi zokopa kuti zili pakati mbiri. m'mudzimo yabwino kwambiri apaulendo: ndi ola atatu pagalimoto kuchokera ku likulu ndi waima pa njanji ndi njira zodutsa akum'mwera Russian malangizo.

Pati kuphunzira

Mwa mfundo lero, Tula wamkulu mokwanira. Komabe, zokonda zake zazikulu mukuonera tsiku limodzi chabe. Kuyamba kufufuza mzinda ndi zabwino Tula Kremlin. Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kuyenda m'misewu wakale amene ali ndi mayina chida. Ndipo, ndithudi, m'pofunika kuyang'ana pa atatu a zokopa kwambiri lapadera: Museum wa Tula gingerbread, samovars ndi mfuti.

Pakuti okonda mbiri ndi mabuku mumzinda pali malo ambiri ochititsa chidwi. History House Museum Veresaeva ndi m'mamyuziyamu zina boma la Tula, ndi usinkhu nyumba XVIII-XIX zaka - amalonda ndi nyumba nyumba, nyumba lovomerezeka ndi malo olemekezeka 'kukopa chidwi cha alendo.

Alendo chiyenela kuchitika pa "matabwa" Tula, misewu akale, okhala m'masiku otsiriza. Ngakhale kuti ambiri a nyumba za zimasungika si zabwino kwambiri, pakati pawo mukuona kwenikweni katswiri carvers.

Tula Kremlin

Iye ndi yosiyana ndi nyumba zina zofanana Russian. Boma la Russia sikuthandiza mtsinje, ndipo kutsogolo kwake. N'zovuta kuti zomangamanga ndi chodabwitsa. Koma iye, pokhala gawo la dongosolo mpanda wa mzinda, ndi imodzi ya m'malinga amphamvu kwambiri Russian. Pa mbiri yake ya Tula Kremlin ali Sadadzipangire adani konse. Ngakhale pamene kupanduka Bolotnikov, kokha kumira, iye anakwanitsa dislodge opandukawo mumzindawu.

Mawonekedwe a boma la Russia ndi wosavuta. Inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a quadrangle a. Madziko ndi gawo la pansi ndi mwala woyera, ndi pamwamba - ndi njerwa. M'litali khoma - pang'ono kuposa wina kilometre, ndi kutalika - mamita khumi. Boma la Russia waima pa malo a anasonkhana milu thundu. Iwo anakonza maziko anakafika yozama mamita atatu. Today anasunga nsanja naini onse a linga anayi amene ali wozungulira, ndi ena a lalikulu.

Museum zida

Mu 1989 anaganiza ikani zosonkhanitsira, ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho umene zaka zambiri kusonkhanitsa Tula fakitale mikono mu tchalitchi kale m'deralo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti cotero Peter, amvekere lamuloli ngakhale. Lero, chifukwa cha chisankho motere, alendo ndi mwayi kuona chito chidwi kwambiri ndi ambuye chida, kuyambira nthawi ya Peter masiku ano.

Akukhulupirira kuti analitcha kuti Thule poyera kuti aliyense kuona zosonkhanitsira yonse m'dziko lathu. Mu nyumbayi muzitsatira zamoyo zida Russian.

Komabe, pali zitsanzo chabe za Tula amisiri. Mu nyumbayi pali firearm, amene analengedwa mu England, Japan, France, Iran, Turkey, Belgium, Germany ndi mayiko ena. Kusangalala makamaka chifukwa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kuchokera pa mndandanda wa "mfuti Mfumu."

A bwino yaikulu mwa alendo anali maso. Aliyense angathe kuona kuti mukawone utitiri kuti abvale Tula wotchuka mbuye. Tikiti kwa nyumbayi ndalama 80 rubles akuluakulu, 100 rubles - akujambula zithunzi za kuthetsa nkhaniyo.

kopanda Cathedral

Iwo anamangidwira pakati pa boma la Russia mwala. maziko ake kunayamba zaka 1628-1629. Poyamba, Akukwera Cathedral inamangidwa monga kachisi chilimwe. Panopa nyumba iyi ndi chidwi osati mawu a zomangamanga, komanso kufunika kwake luso. Mwa zojambula munakwanisa kuona zojambula zina zomwe zikuwonetsera ndi akulu Zazipembedzo. Mu 2012, belu nsanja ya Mfundo Cathedral anayambitsa ntchito yobwezeretsa. Iwo anaganiza kuti abwezeretse kwathunthu belu nsanja, imene kamodzi towered mpaka mamita makumi asanu ndi awiri. A chokongoletsedwa ndi ake mabelu makumi awiri.

Epiphany Cathedral

Ngati kokha m'chilimwe anatumikira mu Cathedral wa Akukwera, mu kachisi uyu adasanduka chonse. Linamangidwa patapita nthawi yaitali - mu 1865 pokumbukira anthu amene anaphedwa Wamkulu asilikali zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mu 1892 iye ankaona wapadera, chifukwa kunachitidwa Kutentha madzi kuti Russia anali m'chipani masiku amenewo. Koma m'zaka Union, Epiphany Cathedral anali anaponyedwa ku kalabu zouluka, ndipo pambuyo - othamanga ndi.

Tula gingerbread

Mu Tula, chakudya chokoma ichi chotchuka kwambiri. Ndani amene sangafune kapu ya tiyi ndi uchi gingerbread? Kwa zaka zambiri Tula gingerbread adakondweretsa ndi kukoma kwake chodabwitsa ndi khalidwe. Posachedwapa, komanso ali kowonera zakale yake, kumene iliyonse kumalowa amasirira zosiyanasiyana zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho "chokoma". Zonse zinayamba kalekale ...

Mmene kuphika Tula gingerbread

Nena amene ndi pamene koyamba apangana, satenga aliyense. Kutchula koyamba za Tula gingerbread kusungidwa mu m'nyumbayi mlembi buku 1685. Nthawi wathu zimasungika bolodi wapadera umene m'nthawi angathe kuweruza gingerbread Osiyana. Adapsa ku birch kapena peyala. M'badwo wa mtengo ayenera kukhala zaka zosachepera makumi atatu. Pakuti gingerbread matabwa ntchito kokha mmunsi mwa thunthu, amene kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono zisanu masentimita wakuda ndi zouma kwa pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. M'mbali mwa matabwa mphamvu mbuye afewetsedwa ndi sera kapena utomoni. Pambuyo mtengo unali wokonzeka, wogoba, wojambula anayamba kupanga zojambula. matabwa awa, kwenikweni, ndi mtundu umene kuphika Tula gingerbread.

mafotokozedwe

The gingerbread choyamba mu Russia wotchedwa "uchi mkate". Anawabweretsa pansi Russian Scandinavia. Izo zinachitika m'zaka IX. Zinali ndiye mu Russia anaphunziranso kuti chotupitsa zikondamoyo ndi broths zipatso zouma. Ngakhale mikate anali mtanda yopangidwa ndi ufa rye, wothira madzi mabulosi ndi uchi, yotsirizira pophika nkhani pafupifupi theka la okwana.

Kenako mu uchi mkate anayamba kuwonjezera mizu ndi masamba a m'tchire. Ndipo XII-XIII zaka, pamene dziko Russian zitsulo kunja ku Middle East ndi India, zosiyanasiyana zokometsera zosowa, kaloti, analandira dzina lake masiku ano pafupifupi kwathunthu anapanga pa chakudya chokoma zodabwitsa, lomwe tsopano amalitcha onse.

Kulawa zosiyanasiyana ankadalira mayeso, kapangidwe kake, njira ya kukonzekera ndi kuphika. A mbali yofunika nyimbo ndi zonunkhira ndi zina, omwe kalelo ankatchedwa "mizimu youma." Pakati wotchuka anali ndimu, wakuda tsabola, timbewu tonunkhira, fennel Italy, Vanilla, Wild lalanje peel ndi ginger, chitowe, tsabola, nutmeg ndi cloves.

Pakutha pa XVIII atumwi a Tula gingerbread kale mu Perm ndi Arkhangelsk, Kursk ndi Kharkov, Kaluga, Novgorod ndi zina zotero. D. Pang'onopang'ono, iwo anayamba kumanga kupanga ake gingerbread zokoma. Tver Pryanichnikov anali masitolo Paris, Berlin ndi London.

chilengedwe owonetsera zakale

Ganizo kutsegula chionetserocho, anabadwa mu 1994. Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, tsiku lakhumi la October 1996, m'nyumbayi "Tula gingerbread" (Address :. Oktyabrskaya, nyumba 45a) linakhazikitsidwa. Ndi ili mu distilikiti, kutali ndithu kuchokera pakati mbiri. M'nyumbayi Tula gingerbread anali olekanitsidwa zovuta za m'ma XIX. Ilo linali kale outbuildings abale Lalin, gunsmiths ndi samovarschika. Pafupi mwamsanga ndi shopu kumene mikate, komanso sitolo kampani, kumene alendo akhoza kugula mwatsopano ndi wachisasati, ndipo zosiyanasiyana alendo.

Ulendo wa nyumbayi

Alendo kuwona kwambiri zosaneneka gingerbread akalumikidzidwa ndi makulidwe, kuchokera kakang'ono, ndi mtengo wa kobiri, ndi pounder. Onsewo anapangidwa poyerekezera ndi nkhani iliyonse. Mndandanda wa nyumbayi pali mbiri gingerbread makeke, zikalata, moni, munthu, ndi ena ambiri.

Amene ndi mwayi akhoza kuchita zosangalatsa, kumwa tiyi ndi gingerbread, lomwe bungwe "Tula gingerbread" owonera zakale. Mitengo kuyamba ulendo ndi rubles zana kwa mphindi khumi, ndipo amachitira chokoma ndi oonetsera osiyana inadzera alendo. Koma mikate, zophikidwa shopu pafupi, adatumikira pamodzi ndi kutentha kutentha ndi ndi fungo zodabwitsa ndi wapadera uchi ndi mafuta. Ndondomeko lonse kwambiri monga alendo. Mwina ndicho chifukwa m'nyumbayi Tula gingerbread kwa mwadzidzidzi nthawi yochepa anali wotchuka kwambiri. Iwo likukhalira kuti tilowe mu ilo ndi kudutsa m'zipinda ndi kalozera, m'pofunika kuti alembe pafupifupi mwezi.

zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho

"Mbiri ya boma Russian" - pansi pa dzina lino anasonyeza kufotokoza, akumeneku m'dera maswiti fakitale "Old Tula". Kampaniyi kale ndi zambiri kupanga miyambo kusindikizidwa gingerbread achikale njira, pamanja ndi ntchito njira yokha matabwa.

The chidwi kwambiri chionetsero cha nyumbayi, ndipo chionetserochi ndi yaikulu gingerbread mita kukula kwa mita. Kwalembedwa mafuno thanzi, mukhale chimwemwe ndi CF "Old Tula". Ndipo kungoika pafupi ndi laling'ono karoti, ndi kulemera magalamu makumi asanu okha.

Museum wa Tula gingerbread ndi imodzi mwa wamng'ono mu mzinda wa Tula. Kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri zambiri pa iye zinatchuka osati Tokyo, koma Kaluga, Chekhov, ndipo ngakhale Moscow. Apa ndi nkhani yeniyeni ya lakale chakudya chokoma Russian, amene watsikira kwa ife kuchokera nthawi makedzana. karoti kupanga anakumana akuluakulu ake ndi zotsika: panali zomvetsa, ndi kubadwanso.

Alendo tikambirana za miyambo yonse yakale ndi miyambo kugwirizana ndi gingerbread wapadera. Angawone ndi kuyerekeza momwe udaikidwa zinthu zamakono, ndipo tione zitsanzo zimenezo zimene zinalembedwa pa njira yakale.

Palinso kuperekedwa monga zing'onozing'ono kukula kwa pang'ono kuposa masiku makumi asanu madola, gingerbread, ndi lalikulu - pood, ndilo limodzi lokha lonse la dziko lathu.