Brown algae: kufotokoza mwachidule dipatimenti

algae Brown ali n'zosangalatsa kumva gulu la zomera kuti moyo makamaka m'madzi m'madzi. Pakali pano, mitundu ya zinthu zamoyo eyiti kokha, kumene m'kupita kwa kusanduka asamukira mapangidwe madzi oyera.

Dipatimenti Kelp: nyumbayi thupi

mamembala onse a dipatimenti ichi ndi thupi multicellular - atsamunda ndi unicellular mitundu ya kukhalapo si kuwululidwa. Koma kukula, iwo akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri - monga masamba kungakhale tosaoneka ndi maso, ndi kufika mamita angapo m'litali. Mumadziwika pachaka zomera za m'madzi, koma pali anthu amene moyo mpaka zaka 18.

Ngati ife kulankhula za mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka thalli, palinso ndi kuchuluka ulamuliro. Seaweed thupi chingakhale wa filaments mbale, zikwama, crusts kapena tchire laling'ono. Kuti gawo lapansi ndi amodzi kapena mbewu kudzera dongosolo yekha kapena rhizoids.

Integument umaimiridwa ndi khoma selo, zomwe kawirikawiri tichipeza zigawo ziwiri (zigawo zitatu ndipo ali oimira). Lakunja wosanjikiza chivundikiro Amakhala makamaka wa pectin zinthu ndi mulinso polysaccharides sulfated. The M'kati zili zambiri za ulusi mapadi.

Borax algae: kapangidwe selo

An khalidwe zofunika maselo mwadongosolo ndi kupezeka kwa plastids. The oimira gulu la zomera, mukachipinda lili ambiri ang'ono chloroplasts bwino anayamba. Plastids ndi Kakhungu anayi. Childs, Kakhungu kunja kwa chloroplast Kakhungu akudutsa mu reticulum endoplasmic kapena phata. Koma wotchedwa chlorophyll, apa iwo anapereka njira A, C1 ndi C2.

Komanso, plastids wa algae lili fucoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin ndi beta-carotene, amenenso ndi khalidwe zofunika kwa zomera Taxonomy.

Selo phata m'modzi yekha, ngakhale pali ena Mipikisano mitundu. Waukulu mankhwala ndi hrizolaminarin yopuma amene waikamo mwa vacuoles apadera kapena granules cytoplasmic.

Kelp ndi kubalana

Oimira dipatimenti izi zikhoza zimafalitsidwa vegetatively, kugonana ndi asexually. Mitundu kwambiri, cloning ikuchitika ndi kugawa Thallus. Koma Mwachitsanzo, ficus pa yekha wa thupi pali gulu la maselo apadera amene akhoza kuwasandutsa thawed latsopano likafunika.

Koma ndondomeko asexual, nthawi zambiri izo ikuchitika mwa zoospores. mitundu ochepa kubereka mwa atathana rekodi kapena tetraspor. Mwa njira, zoospores ndi gametes - mawonekedwe okha aliko flagellates kelp.

Koma ndondomeko ya kugonana, zingakhale:

• Isogamous (umuna ndi mazira ndi yofanana).
• Heterogamic (gametes mwamuna ndi mkazi ndi gametes osiyana).
• Oogamnym (gametes wamwamuna ang'ono ndi mafoni, pamene akazi oogonia kukhala n'kupuma ndi osiyana lalikulu kukula).

Padziko 80s kwa zaka za m'ma 20 akhala anapeza zina mankhwala tochoka ndi thupi pa chitukuko kugonana algae. Ichi sichina ngati pfungo, kuphunzira yogwira amene kumatenga lero.

Kelp ndi owayimilira odziwika bwino kwambiri

Mwa mitundu odziwika bwino kwambiri imatengedwa shuga kelp, kapena Seaweed. Chomera ali kuligaŵa lalikulu thawed, kutalika zimenezi kuchokera mamita 1 mpaka 14. The Thallus chimamangirira kuchuluka yaikulu laminarin. Komanso, Seaweed imatengedwa opereka ayodini. M'mayiko ena, zomera akulimidwa ndi ntchito mwakhama saladi ndi mbale wina. Wa aakulu komanso kupanga mankhwala ntchito pa matenda a matenda a chithokomiro.

The mtundu Sargassum ndi chodziwika, chifukwa ndi chifukwa mwakhama yaitali thalli mwa zomera madzi Sargasso Nyanja panthawiyi choopsa kwambiri kusambira.