Oweruza ndi ndani? Osayenera opambana Nobel Prize

Kawirikawiri, munthu akakhala wopambana wa Nobel Prize, unayenereradi regalia, kusonyeza kuti - mtheradi akatswiri m'munda wake. Koma nthawi zina izo, ndipo nthawi imatsimikizira kuti si oyenera kuti.

1949 Egas Moniz, mankhwala

Pamene inu mukupanga mmodzi wa zilonda kwambiri popanga munthu opaleshoni mbiri ya mankhwala, n'zovuta zifukwa Malipilo a. Koma mu 1949, Apwitikizi katswiriyu Egas Moniz anali kupereka mphoto ya Nobel chifukwa Medicine kupeka lobotomy.

Doctor mokhomerera dzenje chigaza cha mtima, zida ndi singano yaitali, wotchedwa leukoma, ndi sakukhudzidwa ndi Lobe mazunzo a ubongo ngati waya Nditatsegula. mpheto umenewu wakhala ozunguza ndipo zaka khumi ndi zinai zotsatira, Moniz analandira mphoto kwa iye.

Monga amadziwika, lobotomy alibe zotsatira achire, ndipo kuonjezera apo, ndi zoopsa.

1973 Genri Kissindzher, World

Kwa ambiri, Mlembi wakale wa boma Genri Kissindzher alibe poyerekezera ndi dziko. Anthu ambiri amaona iye nkhondo chigawenga, amene bungwe ambiri mabomba chinsinsi pa Vietnam nkhondo. Mu buku, wolembayo Christopher Hitchens, "The mayeso Genri Kissindzhera" inachokera maganizo akuti munthu ayenera anamangidwa "pa milandu nkhondo, umbanda ndi anthu ndi kuyan'anila za malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo chiwembu kuchita kupha, kuba ndi kuzunza."

Ndi zitsanzo? Kissinger anali mpainiya bomba chinsinsi cha Cambodia, omwe ankati ndi miyoyo ya anthu osalakwa. Zimenezi zinathandiza Chile General Augusto Pinochet kuononga zikwizikwi za anthu otsutsa.

Koma Kissinger ali anapambana Nobel Prize, monga ntchito pa asiye-moto pa Vietnam nkhondo, amene anapambana mu January 1973. Nkhondo sinathe mpaka 1975. Kissinger negotiated ndi asiye-moto ndi izo, kukonza anawazunza ndi mabomba mu likulu la Vietnam, Hanoi. Mukuvomereza kuti anamva dissonance.

1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen, sayansi

The Prize Nobel mu Physics zambiri zikutanthauza kuti wopambana mwina anasintha ngodya ya anthu dziko. Nils Gustaf Dalen anali kupereka kupititsa patsogolo zazing'ono lighthouses.

Mu 1912, asayansi anatulukira dzuwa vavu Solventil, amene okhudza kuchuluka kwa kuwala gaseous mu nyumba ndi. Ndi kutseka pa nyumba m'mawa natembenukira pa basi usiku. Inde, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za mphamvu ndi chuma nthawizonse olandiridwa, koma si anangopeka woyenera amenewa mphoto.

Lingaliro pachiyambi m'Komiti ya anali m'manja mphoto kwa Thomas Edison ndi Nikola Tesla. Vuto linali kuti laureates ali mkati mwa chotetana, chuma, ndi Tesla anakana kuchita nawo mpikisano. Mosemphana mmodzi kapena ena, komiti anaganiza mphoto munthu amene anapanga moyo wabwino kwa nyumba yakale.

1994 Yasser Arafat, mtendere

Yasser Arafat ndi zigawenga kapena ufulu womenya, Pamlingo waukulu zimadalira mbali iti inu kutenga mkangano Palestine ndi Israel. Mulimonsemo, n'zovuta kukana kuti Nobel Prize chifukwa Arafat, analandira mu 1994 kuti kudzipereka kwake kwa mtendere mu Middle East, zikuwoneka zosakwana chidwi motsutsa likhale zaka makumi awiri ndewu mu Middle East.

Mu 1993, Arafat, pamodzi ndi Nduna Israeli Yitzhak Rabin ndipo Minister okhonda Shimon Peres zachitika kutha kwa ntchitoyo, ounika Israeli-Palestina nkhondo. Onse atatu analandira gawo mu Nobel Peace Prize chaka chotsatira.

Komabe, pasanapite nthawi panali chochitika ozunguza: pa mwambo mphoto, msilikari Israeli amene kwathu ndi zigaŵenga Chisilamu, anawomberedwa akufa panthawi ina Israeli kupulumutsidwa ntchito.

1997 Dario Fo, Literature

Mwina nthawi iyi Committee ankafuna kudabwa aliyense. Kwa nthawi yaitali, wolemba masewero wina ndi azithunzithunzi Italy Pho anali wotchuka kwambiri.

Kuti ndibwereze wina zolembalemba wotsutsa, iye kuoneka ngati "zovuta ... kwakukuru luso chisudzo." Koma n'chifukwa chiyani anagonjetsa?

Malinga Fo publicist munthu, Michael Earley, mwina chifukwa izo zinkawoneka sizimadziwika. Yoyambirira ananena kuti Committee sanali kuvotera Rushdie, kapena Miller chifukwa anali "kwambiri m'tsogolo, wotchuka kwambiri."

1958 Yoswa Lederberg, mankhwala

Esther Lederberg chinali chodabwitsa wasayansi, koma alibe Nobel Prize. Ndipo mwamuna wake, Yoswa anali wopambana wa mphoto, ngakhale anapanga sayansi ndi zochepa kwambiri. Komabe, mu 1958, ndipo Esther anali mkazi. Motero anapeza kudziwika, ndipo wakhala mu mithunzi.

Mu 1958, Esther ndi Yoswa Lederberg ntchito pa yunivesite ya Wisconsin, pamene iye anapanga ambiri anatulukira yochizira. Choyamba, anapeza bakiteriya HIV mankwala e-coli, yomwe yapangidwa njira kuphunzira zina, mavairasi zovuta zambiri. Kenako iye ndi mwamuna wake anayamba njira yotchedwa kugawanika kumene mabakiteriya imakhudzidwa kwa mbale pa mbale, kusonyeza kusintha monga mankhwala opha tizilombo. Luso limeneli kusokoneza kayendedwe ka moyo mabakiteriya unali wofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha njira zatsopano mankhwala opha tizilombo.

Yoswa Lederberg unayeneradi Nobel Prize? Mwina, koma mkazi wake owayenera kwambiri. Koma chinachake chinachitika kuti zimenezo zichitika, monga mkazi ananyamuka pamwamba nyengo yake.

2009 Barack Obama, dziko

Mu 2008, Obama anasintha aphungu kwa malo Purezidenti wa United States. patatha miyezi nayini, Komiti Nobel waganiza kuti wachita zokwanira kuonedwa chabwino cha dziko, ngakhale kuti iye anatumiza asilikali okwana 30,000 kuti Afghanistan.

Malinga ndi Committee, iye anadalitsidwa "khama lake zapadera kulimbikitsa zokambirana mayiko ndi mgwirizano pakati pa anthu." Tikumbukenso kuti mwini wa mphoto yapamwamba anali pa mutu wa ofesi US chaka sichinathe.

1974 Harry Martinson, mabuku

Mu 1974, wolemba ndakatulo ndi wolemba Harry Martinson analandira Prize Nobel mu Literature. Zingakhale zothandiza kuona kuti iye adalandira mwa kukhala m'dziko olondola ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu abwino.

Malinga ndi otsutsa, Martinson anali tcheru kwambiri ndi choyambirira ndakatulo ya m'badwo wake. Choyamba, iye anali wolemekezeka ndi mogometsa kwambiri a chinenero chake. Koma vuto linali kuti kunja Sweden lakwawo za izo, pang'ono amva.

chifukwa zabwino, chimene mwina waweruzidwa mphotho ndi kuti iye ali nawo ufulu kuti azivota. Inde, mu 1949, pambuyo buku la buku lake "Njira", Martinson anasankhidwa kukhala Komiti. N'zovuta kunena ngati mawu ake ankaimba kwambiri awarding, koma mfundo ndi yakuti.

1992 Rigoberta Menchu, dziko

Koyamba, Rigoberta Menchú zikuwoneka munthu kupikisana abwino kwa Nobel Peace Prize. Anapata mu 1992 "zosowa ntchito yake mwachilungamo chikhalidwe ndi chiyanjano ethno-mitundu zochokera kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu ameneŵa." buku lake, lofalitsidwa mu 1983, chidwi kwa anthu padziko lonse. Iwo aweruzira alimi Indian akumenyana ndi kupondereza Guatemalan.

Koma chifukwa kumbuyo ufulu sakuyenera mphoto?

Ku New York Times mtolankhani David Stoll, amene anapita Quiché (Guatemala), panali pamalo osiyana kwambiri maganizo za vuto m'chigawochi. Zikuoneka yaikulu kafukufuku Stoll, kujambula chithunzi, zomwe komiti Nobel sanafune kumva. Menchú ndi zigawenga asilikali ake anali zoopsa monga asilikali Guatemalan, koma anapata mphoto ya dziko, kupereka mbali yake ngati kulandiridwa.

2016 Bob Dylan, mabuku

Mwachionekere, Bob Dylan - woyimba kwambiri, ndipo ndakatulo yake ndi imodzi mwa yapadera kwambiri m'mbiri ya nyimbo. Komabe, komiti Nobel kupereka mphoto kwa Dylan mu 2016 mabuku, zayambitsa flurry kunyozedwa.

Dylan yekha, amene pafupifupi sanamvere mphoto m'miyezi yochepa pambuyo chigonjetso, iye anakana kutchula mawu ake pafupifupi mpaka Lachiwiri lapitali kwambiri.

Mu limodzi mwa madera ambiri choyambirira pa mawu ake, iye anati "nyimbo amasiyana mabuku: iwo anatanthauza kuti adayimba, osati kuwerenga." Dylan kenako anavomereza kuti tanthauzo mwamtheradi monga luso mkulu, ndi Nobel Prize chifukwa cha izo.