Equatorial lamba: malo m'mayiko ambiri. Equatorial lamba: mbali

Padziko Lapansi zimatulutsa 13 nyengo. I ntchito yogawa ya mabacteria izi kumatengera zifukwa ziwiri: kuchuluka cheza dzuwa ndi ofala misa mpweya.

Mfundo ndi malo Hrs

The kunyanja zone ndi chapakati zone ya Earth. Ndi ili pafupi ndi equator, ndipo nalo dzina lake. lamba ameneyu - yekha 13 zimene zimakupangitsani udzasokonezedwa, ndiko kuti, si kwathunthu lazungulira Lapansi ngati mabacteria ena nyengo. Pa mbali zonse za kunyanja pabwino subequatorial kumpoto ndi kum'mwera Chigawo. Malo: 5 ° -8 ° c. yakumadzulo. 4 ° -11 ° S. yakumadzulo.

Chigawo dera

Lamba kunyanja imatengedwa okhazikika (waukulu) - izi zikutanthauza kuti m'chaka lonse m'gawo sasintha nyengo ndi nyengo ndi kugonjetsa mpweya misa ali yemweyo - yamphamvu. Izi mosavuta ukugwirizana ndi malo m'mayiko ambiri. Equatorial lamba amatanthauza zigawo zitatu zimene anakhazikitsa wapadera wosasintha nyengo:

• M'dziko America South mkati m'dera Amazon.
• Chile Africa: mbali kunyanja, ndi Gulf wa Guinea.
• A lalikulu, ndi lamadzi dera Wamkulu Sunda Islands.

ndizosowa nyengo

The nyengo ya zone akufanana. Iwo yodziwika ndi:

• kutentha zonse mkulu;
• nyengo pa chaka (yotentha);
• ndalama mvula ya mvula (ziwerengero lalikulu mu dziko);
• predominance kunyanja misa mpweya zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi malo lawolawo;
• yamphamvu lamba amakhala ndi chinyezi mkulu;
• ofooka, yochepa mphepo;
• zosiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri a nyama ndi zomera;
• sinali bwino kuti anthu akhalemo.

mbali nyengo

Avereji ya kutentha kwa woyendera nthambi kunyanja ali mu uthunthu + 24 ° ... + 28 ° C. Ichi ndi chifukwa chithunzi zonse mofanana udindo wa Sun wachibale dziko. Ndi chifukwa chake pali imperceptible kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kusiyana kutentha otsika ndi mkulu kokha 2 ° C (mlingo wotsikitsitsa mu dziko). The cheza bwino m'chigawo - 70-90 kcal / masentimita ² pa chaka. Mu nyanja, izo kumawonjezera kwa 120 kcal / masentimita ² pa chaka. M'dera limeneli, ali chete, iwo yodziwika ndi bata. Atmospheric mochedwerako kunyanja lamba.

Pa dera pa onse mbali ya equator kuti otentha malonda mphepo, kupanga kuno nthawi zonse otaya chinyezi mpweya. Chinyezi wachibale m'dera lino zimasiyanasiyana 80-95%. Pazifukwa ziwirizi (chinyezi ndi kutentha) chifukwa m'madera masana yamvumbi. Mvula pachaka mu lamba kunyanja - 2 000-3 000 mm (pa malo otsetsereka, ichi chithunzi ukuwonjezeka 10 000 mamilimita / chaka), kupanga chigawo ndi lonyowa kwambiri pa dziko. chinyezi amaika ndi chifukwa predominance ya mpweya pa evaporation (kwa 1000 mm). Iwo condense mu troposphere m'munsi.

mbali Topographic ndi nthaka

Mu zone ya kunyanja makamaka intensively kusiyana njira geomorphology. Chitsanzo chabwino adzakhala lamba kunyanja ya Africa. Dera ndi mbali wamba - amphamvu weathering kutumphuka:

• chifukwa m'zigwa yodziwika ndi kukokoloka lateral;
• lonse zigwa za mitsinje, chigumula zigwa ndi anasefukira;
• m'madera a mapiri zigwa mtsinje M'malo mwake, ndi lopapatiza kwambiri;
• Nthawi zambiri kugumuka.

The dothi la m'dera - wowawasa, ferralitic. Iwo ali osauka, humus okhutira - osapitirira 3%, pamene akulima kapena yodula nkhalango pa nthawi kutaya chonde awo pa zonse.
Makamaka lamba yamphamvu ndi lonse ndi wamphamvu dongosolo hydrological. Ndi mkati mwa dera limeneli ndi mtsinje kuya kwa dziko - Amazon.

masamba dziko

zone nyengo amalenga abwino kwa kukula kwa rainforest chinyezi yobiriwira. Gil wotchedwa nkhalango (mu America South - ndi nkhalango, kapena "nkhalango"). m'minda izi yodziwika ndi mbiri yaitali, zamoyo linafalitsidwa kwambiri, ambiri mitundu kuderako. Mu Gil moyo ndi kukula kuposa theka la zomera zonse ndi nyama ya dzikoli, akukhulupirira kuti mitundu yambirimbiri kukhala wosadziwika. Makamaka lamba kunyanja kwagona kuti nkhalango zachilengedwe ndi lopangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo. Choposa - mitengo. Iwo ndi mkulu mlingo mbiya, yopingasa pomwepo kenaka. wosanjikiza Middle tichipeza liana. Komanso, inu mukhoza zambiri ndi zothandiza (yopanga ndi malonda) mitundu - koko, labala breadfruit, ambabzala ndi matabwa akuda.

dziko nyama

Lamba kunyanja ya Dziko lapansi ndiwo malo wapadera moyo oimira zosiyanasiyana za zomera. Iwo pano nambala yaikulu mitundu. Ambiri a iwo ndinazolowera moyo pano pa mitengo ndi akorona awo. Zimachitika m'gawo la ambiri anyani, kanyama kameneka, Nyama Zodya Chiswe, capuchins, porcupines mtengo, langurs, maoposamu, mileme, abuluzi, achule ndi njoka. Nyama lapadziko sizachilendo rhinos, mvuu, njovu, nguluwe. Nyama - mamembala a mphaka - akambuku ndi nyama, amenenso ali ndinazolowera moyo mitengo. Komanso, nkhalango kunyanja - malo abwino kukhala mbalame osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo. Mbali khalidwe la dera - onse a iwo chowala, "chakupha" mtundu.

mavuto a zachilengedwe

Lamba kunyanja ya Earth panopa wayamba analoŵererapo kwambiri gawo la umunthu. Ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kusintha mosalephera zachilengedwe. Ndipo Dziwani kuti si bwino. Mfundo odziwika kuti nkhalango - ndi "zovuta" dziko. The gawo lalikulu kwambiri kudzachitika ndi chinyezi kunyanja m'minda. Koma kusintha zoopsa mu dongosolo m'zigawozo nkhalango zimachitika zisakuyenda bwino. Iwo munthu. Ambiri a mitengo mmphepete odulidwa pansi, timakumana ndi kupulula mitundu ya nyama. Part nkhalango chitakonzedwa m'malo mwa m'minda ya khofi kapena zina.

Zinthu anthu

Komabe, ngakhale zinthu zonse zoyenera kuno ndi kufala kwa nyama ndi zomera, ndi lamba yamphamvu ndi akumane kwambiri kwa anthu apa. Izi, kumene, motsogoleredwa ndi malo ake linalake. Zoni kunyanja yodziwika ndi chinyezi mkulu ndi kutentha zonse otentha. Koma zimenezi, nawonso, kungasokoneze thanzi la munthu. Komanso, izi ndi makhalidwe abwino mapangidwe ya foci chilengedwe cha matenda oopsa. Ngati nambala yaikulu tizilombo chakupha zimapezeka kunyanja lamba, nyama ndi zomera.

Mayiko a lamba kunyanja

m'madera onse chomwecho m'mayiko ena chimachititsa ndi zone nyengo yamphamvu. Mu America South, dera chimakwirira la kummawa kwa Brazil, Ecuador, Uganda. Mu Africa, ndi dziko la Congo, Gabon, Kenya. Chilumba gawo - Sunda Islands a. New Guinea, za. Sri Lanka ndi Chimaleya Peninsula (Indonesia).