Ethics Environmental: lingaliro, mfundo, mavuto

M'zaka za m'ma XXI funso kugwirizana pakati pa mwamuna ndi chirengedwe, ananyamuka makamaka yokhudza ufiti. Nawonso anali ngati kukwapula chofunika kuti apulumuke ntchito lathuli, monga boma la wosanjikiza ozoni, kutentha nyanja madzi, mlingo wa ayezi kusungunuka, misa kutha kwa nyama, mbalame, nsomba ndi tizilombo.

M'malingaliro a anthu uweme ndi wotukuka unayamba kuonekera mfundo za kufunika kwa mfundo monga chilungamo zachilengedwe, ndi kuyambitsa mu misa. Ngati ntchito chichitike mu dziko lonse, izo zikanakhoza muyaya kusintha ogula maganizo a anthu ndi chilengedwe ku mgwirizano wa.

Zikamera wa chikhalidwe chilengedwe

70-ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, vuto zachilengedwe ndi akamayamba yekha, asayansi ku West mukanatani kwa iye chilengedwe cha mwambo sayansi, chikhalidwe chilengedwe. Chifukwa chachikulu cha mavuto chilengedwe, malinga ndi akatswiri monga J. Pearce, D. Kozlowski, J. Tinbergen ndi ena - ndi chisamaliro pa siteji ya chitukuko cha moyo pa dziko monga kusowa lathunthu la mgwirizano pakati pa mwamuna ndi chikhalidwe.

Ngati pa chiyambi cha anthu njira wakhala anazindikira chikhalidwe ngati kusonyezedwa kwa mphamvu ya Mulungu pa potsata moyo wa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa sayansi ndi makampani poyamikira nzeru ndi mgwirizano wa dziko anagwetsa dyera.

N'chifukwa chake bungwe anazindikira kuti n'zosatheka kuganizira mavuto amene alipowa mobisika ndi kuphunzira khalidwe ndi koyenela munthu. Only zinazika mizu mwa anthu kuzindikira kuti si korona wa chilengedwe ndi kwachilengedwenso ndi mphamvu zake otsika gawo zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa iwo ndi unansi wogwirizana.

Iwo ukugwira chilango chimene sayansi chikhalidwe chilengedwe. Kukwezeleza ubwino wa ake mu maganizo a anthu ambiri qualitatively kusintha moyo pa dziko.

Ndizosowa Environmental Ethics

Mwina izi ndi chitsimikizo china chakuti zonse m'mbiri Lapansi ndi cyclical, ndi nzeru wogwidwa ndi munthu ano, anali kale ndi chitukuko zinazimiririka, koma asayansi kamodzinso anabwerera ku mizu ya nzeru wakale.

Filosofe zaka zikwizikwi zapitazo, iwo ankadziwa kuti Cosmos, zonse zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo zinthu mu dziko, zooneka ndi zosaoneka, ndi wogwirizana dongosolo mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, nzeru zimenezi zinali ankaikira akale Indian ziphunzitso.

M'masiku amenewo dziko sanali wapawiri, kuti lagawidwa chikhalidwe ndi munthu, ndi yofunika. Pa yomweyo anthu yomwe anathandizana naye, tinaphunzira ndi bwino zosiyanasiyana zochitika zachilengedwe. Vernadsky anayamba chiphunzitso cha biosphere ndi noosphere zachokera chakuti chilengedwe, chikhalidwe ndi nyama analilemba mu mogwirizana wolimba ndi munthu ndi ulemu wonse kwa mumiyoyo ya ena. Mfundo zimenezi Anakhalanso maziko a zingamayende latsopano.

Komanso, amaona chiphunzitso Schweitzer anthu odzipereka kwa onse amoyo ndi udindo wake kwa kuteteza bwino ndi mgwirizano m'chilengedwe chonse. chikhalidwe Environmental ndi makhalidwe a anthu kuti akhale ogwirizana ndi lolunjika pa mtima wofuna kukhala ndi kukhala. Kuti izi zitheke, anthu ayenera kusiya malingaliro a mowa.

Mfundo za chikhalidwe chilengedwe

A udindo waukulu mu kusintha maganizo pa mavuto panopa ndi ntchito zachilengedwe ankaimba Club wa Rome. Kotala lotsiriza la mzaka zana makumi awiri mu lipoti pafupi ndi Club wa Rome A. Peccei pulezidenti ake analengeza chinthu monga chikhalidwe zachilengedwe. Pulogalamu wakhala kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa umunthu watsopano, womwenso ntchito kusinthika kwathunthu kwa chikumbumtima anthu.

The mfundo ndi maganizo atsopano anakonza pa msonkhano wa mayiko ku Seoul mu 1997. Nkhani yaikulu ya zokambirana anali chakuti n'zosatheka patsogolo kubwezeretsa topezeka mu zinthu ziyende mwa anthu ndi kumwa zachilengedwe.

Chilengezo anatengera pa msonkhano anasonyeza ubale pakati pa mavuto a zachilengedwe ndipo anthu chikhalidwe omangika mu mayiko ambiri. Kodi moyo wonse wa nzika ali onse wa anthu, chuma ndi zinthu zauzimu za kuwopsyeza topezeka si anati.

Poti msonkhano uno anali kuitana kwa anthu a chitukuko zogwirizana ndi mayiko ena onse mu malamulo onse umalimbana kusamala zachilengedwe ndi kulemekeza ake ndi moyo. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi sanaikidwe mu kuchitapo mapangidwe chikhalidwe zachilengedwe, monga lingaliro ili si anabweretsa chidwi cha anthu onse.

Lamulo la chilengedwe ndi anthu

Lamulo limeneli limati sikutheka zogwirizana coexistence kukula mofulumira chitukuko anthu zochokera mowa, ndi kuteteza bwino zachilengedwe. Kuwonjezeka zofuna anthu anakumana ndi zinthu padzikoli. Zomera ndi zinyama zikutha.

Zikusintha zimenezi zimatheka ndi kuchepa masuku pamutu luso zachilengedwe ndi kusintha maganizo a anthu kuti chuma chauzimu, chimene amakhala patsogolo nkhawa ya dziko kunja.

Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chikhalidwe chilengedwe mavuto angathe kuthetsedwa ndi kuchepetsa mlingo kubadwa m'madera makamaka kuli anthu a dziko. Mfundo yoyamba ya sayansi - ubale ndi chilengedwe monga mutu moyo akufunika chikondi ndi chisamaliro.

Mkhalidwe wa kuli biosphere ndi

The chikhalidwe chachikulu kuli biosphere ndi mitundu zonse zomwe sizingatheke ndi ntchito zonse za chuma, monga mwina musati kuchira konse, kapena zimatenga nthawi yambiri.

Popeza chitukuko cha dziko la chikhalidwe chilichonse ndi kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe anakhalabe, kuchepa wa chitukuko mosalephera popanda malipiro bwino lino. Kusintha zinthu zitha kukhala kuchepetsa zochita za anthu mu mawu a mowa zachilengedwe.

Mfundo yachiwiri amafuna kukaniza ambiri pa zochitika za anthu ndi chitukuko cha mbali ya chikhalidwe kuchiritsa yokha. Pa nthawi yomweyo m'mayiko onse a dziko azitenga umodzi kanthu kwa kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe cha zina yokumba m'chilengedwe achilengedwe.

Chilamulo wamba

malamulo umenewu ndi umboni chiphunzitso chikhalidwe sakhulupilira zimene ena ake. Ngakhale kuti zikhoza kukhala chisokonezeko, ichi limodzi ndi chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe chikhalidwe. Iwo sangakhoze kukhala zokha, monga amoyo onse ndi zopanda zogwirizana mkati mwake. Kutha kwa mtundu kumabweretsa chiwonongeko cha machitidwe zina.

Kupulumutsa dongosolo komanso kuwonongedwa kwa mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito, zimatheka ndi mowa oyenera pa chuma lathuli mwa zosowa za mphamvu za umunthu ndi mphamvu za chilengedwe. Ngati anthu woposa dziko zingabweretse, mavuto pafupi.

Mfundo yachitatu, zimene zimasonyeza maganizo amakono chilengedwe - anthu ayenera kusiya kumwa zinthu zoposa zofunika kuti tipitirize. Sayansi izi zimagwirira ayenera kukulitsa kuti akhoza zonse ubale pakati pa anthu ndi chikhalidwe.

Chilamulo Reimers

chofunika kwa anthu onse okhala pa dziko ndi kuti amenyane kuwononga chilengedwe. Njira yoyenera ya kukwaniritsidwa kwa izi mu moyo kulenga kupanga zinyalala ufulu makampani aliyense, koma lamulo limati Reimers, pali mbali zotsatira mmene anthropogenic pa chilengedwe.

Chilengedwere kupanga kwathunthu zinyalala ufulu sizingatheke njira yokhayo yotulukira zinthu akhoza kukhala khalidwe lofala greening chuma. Kuti izi ziyenera analengedwa ndi matupi umoyo ndi zachuma, kupereka ukatswiri pa ntchito yomanga maofesi kupanga kapena inagundizana.

Kukongola kwa chilengedwe akhoza ngati asungidwa m'mayiko onse Co-kugwilizana ya malamulo chilengedwe cha machitidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka luso.

Mfundo chachinayi imasonyeza mmene Eco-mabungwe, atsogoleri a boma, ndale ndi mphamvu Kapangidwe ka anthu amene zochita pa masuku pamutu zachilengedwe.

ntchito anthu zachilengedwe

M'mbiri yonse ya anthu inachokera ku kugwirizana pakati pa ntchito zachilengedwe a anthu ndi kusintha khalidwe moyo wawo.

Ngati anthu oyambirira anali okhutira ndi m'mapanga, moto kukupereka anaphedwa ndi chakudya, ndiye anakakhala khalidwe la moyo zosoŵa zawo achuluka. Pali kufunika kudula nkhalango nyumba kapena kukula kwa malo olimapo dziko. More - kwambiri.

zinthu masiku ano akutchedwa mwayi mtengo overruns chuma lathuli, ndi mzere wa sanabwezere msinkhu yapita kale kale. Yankho kungakhale kuchepetsa zofuna anthu azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zachilengedwe ndi kutembenukira mtima wa munthu kwa moyo wauzimu mogwirizana ndi dziko loyandikira.

Mfundo wachisanu limanena kuti chikhalidwe ndi nyama adzakhala otetezeka, pamene anthu analoŵa moyo wosasangalala ngati ponseponse wa moyo.

Lamulo ndi maganizo vuto

The mfundo za moyo wa munthu ayenera kufotokoza njira yake m'tsogolo pa dziko lino lapansi.

Chiyambire chiwonongeko cha topezeka pansi amphamvu osati kuti atabwerera wapachiyambi, njira yokhayo yotulukira zinthu masiku ano angakhale kupanga chosankha mfundo za chikhalidwe chilengedwe cholowa dziko.

Koma pofuna kupewa kubwereza kwa chiwonongeko zachilengedwe mfundo zimenezi ayenera kukhala mbali ya chikhalidwe cha aliyense ammudzi mu dziko. oyamba mu chikumbumtima cha anthu amene ayenera kukhala mu mibadwo ochepa kuti akhale ponseponse kuti ana a kuzindikira kuti chilengedwe chokongola ndi kuteteza ake - ndi udindo wawo.

Izi zimafuna ndi chilengedwe kuphunzitsa ana makhalidwe, kuteteza dziko loyandikira anakhala zosowa zauzimu.

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe chilengedwe akhala kufunikira kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa chitukuko. Kophweka, monga kulowa mwambo m'sukulu ndi mayunivesite padziko lonse.

anthropocentrism

Lingaliro la anthropocentrism chikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso munthu - chimake cha chilengedwe, ndi zinthu zonse ndi mbali zachilengedwe analengedwa kuti iye adzawalamulira.

Chonchi lingaliro kwa zaka kwachititsa mavuto zachilengedwe lero. Afilosofi wakale amanena kuti zomera ndi nyama alibe maganizo ndi kukhalapo basi chifukwa cha okwanira anthu.

Kugonjetsedwa chikhalidwe cha otsatira a lingaliro ili, bwino ndipo izi pang'onopang'ono zinachititsa kuti vuto la chikumbumtima anthu. Onse ulamuliro pa ulamuliro ndi kugonjetsa - izi ndi mfundo yaikulu ya anthropocentrism.

Kusintha zinthu zitha kwezani zachilengedwe chikhalidwe pakati pa anthu m'mayiko onse. Pamafunikanso nthawi, koma ndi chitukuko cha luso mudziwe ndondomeko ya kusintha chikumbumtima Mulungu adzagonjetsa mu m'badwo wotsatira wa anthu.

Neantropotsentrizm

Cholinga chenicheni ndi neantropotsentrizma umodzi wa biosphere ndi munthu. biosphere imatchedwa wamoyo lotseguka dongosolo poyera kuti chikoka cha zinthu zonse kunja ndi mkati. Lingaliro la mgwirizano si kufanana kwa ntchito ya ubongo wa munthu ndi maselo a nyama apamwamba kapena zilembo chibadwa, koma kugonjera malamulo onse a chitukuko cha biosphere lapansi.

Mapangidwe chikhalidwe chilengedwe

Kodi zitenga kusintha zinthu? Zachilengedwe makhalidwe monga chilango sayansi ndi zolinga zobisika anatuluka pa kusintha kwa anthu m'dziko la noosphere. Kuti kusintha si zikusonyeza oopsa, muyenera kuganizira mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Aliyense wokhala wa dziko ayenera kudziwa malamulo a chitukuko biosphere ndi malo ake mu izo.
• Padziko lonse, malamulo ayenera kumwedwa kwa ubwenzi ndi munthu ndi chikhalidwe.
• Aliyense ayenera kuganizira m'badwo wotsatira.
• Mtundu uliwonse tiyenera kuwononga zinthu pamaziko a zosowa zenizeni.
• Quotas kudya zachilengedwe anatsimikiza chifukwa amaganizira vuto lililonse m'dziko, kaya nkhani zandale kumeneko.

Ndi njira imeneyi, zomera, nyama ndi anthu adzakhala chitukuko ogwirizana.

Kusintha chithunzi cha dziko

Kuti mukufuna mwamsanga, m'pofunika kusintha chikumbumtima chithunzi chilichonse payekha dziko. Iwo ayenera kukhala ogwirizana osati anthu ndi chilengedwe, komanso anthu pamodzi.

Ndiyotani pakuchotsa kusiyana mtundu, chipembedzo kapena chikhalidwe udzakhala zotsatira za kusintha maganizo a anthu amene kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano ndi dziko loyandikira.