Kodi kumanga yapansi mu Moscow, kumene tinakonza kuti kumanga okwerera latsopano

Ntchito yomanga ndi okwerera sitima ku Moscow zinakonzedwa m'zaka 19 mochedwa. Mu 1875, iye anafuulira lingaliro la atagona mzere kuchokera Kursk pasiteshoni ya sitima kudzera Pushkin Square ndi Lubyanka mpaka Marina minda. Komabe, kumanga sichinayambe anayamba zaka zimenezo. Malinga ndi Baibulo boma linasiyidwa chifukwa uneconomical.

Pamene dziko panali kusintha ndi Nkhondo itaulika, lingaliro ili chabe Sanakumbukire. Funso limeneli kumbuyo mu 1923 kale boma latsopano la boma wamng'ono - USSR.

Pakali pano, ndi Moscow Metro ndi mmodzi wa okongola kwambiri ndi otetezeka kwambiri padziko lonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu angapo kudziwa mmene njira yovuta anali kupita omanga ndi kukonza mzere mobisa kuyamba sitima yoyamba.

chisankho Yakale

M'chaka masiku a August 1923 msonkhano wa presidium wa Moscow Council City, amene anatengera zochita pa resumption nkhani ndi makampani akunja pa pomanga Moscow Metro. Akulamulira analengeza ndi wapampando wa Presidium wa L. B. Kamenevym. Choncho, lingaliro, limene mawu ulimi ndi nkhondo, wakhala inakulitsidwa.

mwezi ukatha msonkhano umenewu mlandu wa Moscow Council City anayamba gulu lapadera pa Dipatimenti ya sitima m'tauni ya likulu amatchedwa "Metropolitan". Pa nthawiyo anali yekhayo wantchito injiniya KS Myshenkov. udindo wake m'gulu kutolera mfundo za alipo ntchito chisanadze nkhondo.

Pogwira ntchito kuyambirira

Mu 1924, Europe anachezeredwa ndi nthumwi ya Moscow Council City. cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kukopa abwenzi akunja mapangidwe a mobisa woyamba Soviet. Komabe, nkhani analephera. akuluakulu okhonda akhala kupeza ngongole ku banki.

Only mu 1928, Moscow Council City chinkhoswe mu zokambirana pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampani olowa katundu, amene anali kumanga Metropolitan Sabuweyi. Kukhazikitsa mfundo ya kumanga yapansi kupewedwa mikangano zambiri za viability chuma cha polojekiti. Komabe, iwo sanakhale nthaŵi yaitali. Mu 1930 malo mlembi woyamba wa komiti Moscow chipani anaikidwa L. mnzake wapamtima wa Stalin, Kaganovich. Zinali iye amene anasamukira bizinesi pansi. Nzosadabwitsa lotseguka mu 1935 Moscow Metro dzina lake.

The njira ya vuto la mayendedwe

Ngati mu masiku oyambirira a boma wamng'ono Soviet boma kuposa zoyembekezeredwa matakisi ndi trams, monga kukula kwa likulu kusuntha kuzungulira mzindawo anthu zinali zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa, 6/1/1931, ndi magalimoto sachedwa chifukwa zinachitika mu Moscow. Movement mumzinda anatseka yaikulu magalimoto kupanikizana. Zimenezi zinapangitsa utsogoleri gulu la likulu yomanga mwamsanga yapansi panthaka.

Metrostroy - Mu August 1931, gulu latsopano analengedwa. Iye anapatsidwa patsogolo ufulu kupeza chuma komanso zida. Chief Metrostroi yoikidwiratu sitima injiniya P. P. Roterta. Pa nthawi yomweyo boma anapanga gulu latsopano, womwenso amaphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri kutsatilidwa. Awa anali akatswiri yachilendo Germany, Austria, America ndi France. Ankayang'anira yomanga atsopano LM Kaganovich.

nkhani kamangidwe

Pakuti woyendetsa Mzinda woyamba wa latsopano mayendedwe osankhidwa gawo, kuyambira ndi msewu Rusakova, d. 13. Kodi kumanga yapansi m'dera lino? Gasket yotengekatengeka Parisian, ndiyo kupeza njira yotulukira pa akuya osaya. Mu m'chipinda chotetezeka izi mobisa analimbitsa ndi mwala miyala. Kumayambiriro kwa akatswiri yomanga sanagwiritse ntchito njira Berlin imene anali woyamba kukumba dzenje. Mu mzinda, kumene kunali wandiweyani nyumba ndipo anagwira magalimoto, zinali zosayenela.

Ngati nkhani linathera mosavuta, nthaŵi yomangika mtsutso padziko nkhani ya zimene ayenera kukhala mobisa. Kodi kumanga limasonyeza latsopano zoyendera ndi nsanja chilumba, kapena kuti mbali? Dongosolo loyamba, anatengera ku London ndi Paris, anafunika kusamala kwambiri ankaona mapulani kamangidwe. Koma nsanja ngati ndi yabwino kwa wokwera. Ofananira malo anavomera mu Berlin, zinali mtengo ndiponso kosavuta kumangako.

Kodi kumanga yapansi mapeto? Akatswiri Soviet ndaika patsogolo ndi lingaliro la kulenga okwerera trehsvodchatyh ndi awiri spaced mumphangayo. Pakuti aliyense malangizo nsanja mbali chaperekedwa pano.

kamangidwe luso mizere yapansi woyamba m'gulu zoposera zikwi zolemba zambiri ofotokozera ndi zojambula. Ndikatha kumfunsafunsa wake mwatsatanetsatane anatsimikizira Moscow Komiti ya Party, ndi 08/13/1933

kwambiri zinthu

Kupanga chisankho za pomanga Moscow yapansi akuluakulu sanangoganiza kuti omanga adzayenera zothetsera mavuto ambiri. chakuti zinthu pomanga ngalande anali akumane kwambiri. Kodi kumanga yapansi mu Moscow? M'mphepete una wa wakhala wakonzedwa njira ankawoloka mzere Olkhovka, Neglinka, Rybinki ndi zambiri mitsinje ina ing'onoing'ono. Metrostroevtsy anali mpumulo awo maganizo, chifukwa mu una wa anatsanulira mchenga wotitimira ndi osakaniza a mchenga, dongo ndi madzi. Anawononga ntchito mobisa ndi kusamba kuchotsa maziko anaima nyumba pafupi.

Kutalika kwa gawo loyamba, anakafika ku "Sokolniki" kuti "Komsomolskaya" komanso ku "LAIBULALE. Lenin "kwa" Park ya Culture "metrostroevtsy anamangidwira njira yotseguka. Pankhaniyi, patsogolo ntchito iwo anali kuloza deta alipo malo a kulumikizana, kunyamula sitima mizere ndi kukhazikitsa zogwiriziza wapadera ataima pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Kuvuta kwagona kuti Moscow Council City yoletsedwa kuletsa nyumbayi, yomwe ili mu zone pomanga magetsi, gasi ndi madzi okwanira. Panalibe kusamvana ndi kusiya kuyenda pa m'misewu.

Kodi kumanga yapansi wotere? Pofuna qualitatively ndi nthawi kumaliza lonse wopita kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ine ndinali kupita zidule zosiyanasiyana. Kotero, kulimbana ndi mchenga wotitimira mostostroevtsy ntchito nthaka sayansi ndi kuzizira. Kuti izi kunali koyenera kuti kubowola zitsime munthu amene angachite ozizira kashiamu kolorayidi njira. Zimenezi zinachititsa mapangidwe ndi zonenepa ayezi amene pang'onopang'ono ndipo inakula, kupanga khoma madzi. Chinachake ina, njira imeneyi akugwiritsa ntchito yomanga nyumba zosanja zitalizitali Stalin.

mavuto malembedwe aantchito

kwambiri zinthu zimenezi kuchita nyumba, n'kumuuza asilikali a ndodo kwambiri oyenerera. Komabe, kapangidwe yaikulu ya amaphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri inali kuperekedwa railwaymen ndi Anthuwa. Awa anali anthu amene anali asanakumanepo nawo ntchito yomanga okwerera sitima. Komanso, 80% ya anthu ogwira anatsika mu wanga kwa nthawi yoyamba mu moyo wanga.

Chifukwa cha kusowa ogwira ntchito ya zomangamanga ku chiwerengero metrostroevtsev nazo zochuluka za alimi ndi antchito. Tinatenga ndodo ndi antchito ambiri ku mafakitare ndi zomera. Wentsenewo adafika kwa Moscow kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko, kuphunzira ntchito kwa iwo kale mu malo. shoemakers akale, tailors ndi mkate anali semina, anamvetsera anakonza nkhani ndiponso kukhala saizi ndi konkire antchito.

kutsegulira

Woyamba mayeso sitima anali pa njanji ya Moscow Metro 05/02/1935 GA pa May 15, mwambo kutsegula kwa Moscow yapansi. Mu zaka amenewo, kotsalira ka 11.2 Km, umene unali okwerera khumi ndi zitatu. Anagubuduza katundu Metro inkakhala khumi mbali ziwiri nyimbo. Zinali 48 "A" mtundu magalimoto.

Choyamba - ndi njira kwa "Sokolniki" kuti "Park Kultury" siteshoni, amene ali nthambi mu "Smolensk". Nkhondo ndi Nazi Germany anakwanitsa kutsegula mizere iwiri zambiri - Arbat ndi Zamoskvoretskaya.

Moscow yapansi lero

Kodi mamita ambiri akumanga? Kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse linakhalapo. Komanso, siteshoni ano nawobe maganizo m'nyumbayi mkati maganizo. N'chifukwa chake Moscow yapansi ndi wokongola kwambiri mu dziko.

Chifukwa kumanga mobisa mpaka tsopano? Izi anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti likulu ndi mavuto aakulu magalimoto pansi mbali. Izi zimadalira kukweza ntchito za yapansi, amene ndi Nkhata-Nkhata mwina, ngakhale mu maola lotanganidwa udzu.

Kukhazikitsa ntchito yomanga

Makampani akumanga mobisa lero? Kumangidwa kwa okwerera mobisa la ogwira ntchito yomanga Moscow Metro ikuchitika, ndilo m'malo bungwe lokhazikitsidwa kwa cholinga ichi mu 1931. Kapangidwe kampani kumaphatikizapo kasamalidwe twente-zomangamanga khumi amene ndi mbiri boma.

Amene adzamange yapansi mu Moscow lero? Mosiyana ndi mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo, lolembedwa ndi akatswiri woyenerera boma bungwe. Ichi ndi anthu 8.5 zikwi nawo ntchito yomanga ngalande, unsembe wa substations ndi mizere chingwe, njanji atagona ndi kumalizitsa ntchito.

Activities pa chitukuko cha Moscow yapansi

Boma la Moscow pulogalamu yapadera pa chitukuko ya Moscow Metro Analeredwa. Limafotokoza zapakati pa 2012 ndi 2020. Ndipo awa ntchito zikuluzikulu anakonza kuti zigwire thililiyoni 1,24 rubles ku bajeti mzinda. Ena nawo zinthu zimenezi adzakhala ndalama payekha. Iwo kuonetsetsa rubles 42 miliyoni.

Kodi kumanga yapansi mu Moscow lero? Malinga ndi mapulani kwa 2016, ntchito yayambika pa pomanga mzere Kalinin-Solntsevo. Gawo ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa okwerera sitima, ndilo zingamuthandize kwambiri mu Moscow yapansi dongosolo chitukuko.

Kodi okwerera sitima anamanga pa mzere uwu? Izi ndi "Minsk" ndi "Lomonosov Chiyembekezo", "Ramenok" ndi "Michurinsk prospectus" ndi "Solntsevo", "Govorovo" ndi "Ochakovo". okwerera izi amatengerapo mwai wene tikukhala mu chigawo Ramenskoye. Kumene tinakonza kuti amange yapansi pa? Kalinin-Solntsevo mzere Tambasula kuti Novomoskovskaya Rasskazovka, Peredelkino ndi Solntseva.

Zina mwa ntchito inakonzedwa 2016, palinso chiyambi cha ntchito malo asanu ili mkati kukambirana dera lachitatu. Izo akulumikiza mbali payekha likulu mu maukonde limodzi. Amene okwerera sitima siteshoni ikumangidwa mu chimango cha ntchito zimenezi? Izi "Khodynka" ndi "wotsika Maslivka", "Peter Park", "Shepeliha" ndi "Khoroshevskaya". Kutumidwa wa okwerera zimenezi mu kugwira ntchito adzalola za kotala kutula chigawo chapakati cha Moscow yapansi.

Kodi kumanga okwerera sitima komabe? Malinga ndi zolinga metrostroevtsev ankaganiza kutambasuka kwa mzere Lublin-Dmitrov. Zidzakhala makilomita yaitali kuposa zisanu, umene kutsegula pa izo okwerera zitatu zatsopano - "Upper Likhobory", "malekezero" ndi "Seliger". Aliyense wa zotuluka awiri awa amaperekedwa. A "malekezero" kukhwimitsani ndi kusintha kwa okwerera ena.

Zedi, pamene akumanga yapansi, vuto la mayendedwe pagulu modziwika bwino. Mofulumira kumaloku mu nthawi yochepa adzatha okhala m'madera matauni monga Hovrino ndi Bank Kumanzere. zinthu bwino kutumidwa "Hovrino" siteshoni.

Kuwonjezera pa latsopano yomanga yayambika ndi kukonza lalikulu. Motero, anakonza unsembe wa escalator chatsopano "Frunzenskaya" siteshoni mu 2016. Ichi ndi chifukwa mphamvu otsika zida wogwila.

"Vykhino" okwerera sitima

Siteshoni - wakale kwambiri mu likulu. Ngati zofunika chigawo chimodzi cha Violet Metro Line, pamafunika okwera ku 1966. Mosiyana ndi ambiri okwerera "Vykhino" ndi aboveground. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu woyamba wa Moscow yapansi mtundu uwu.

Station "Vykhino" (poyamba "Zhdanov") - malo ochuluka kwambiri. Pa maola pachimake, okwera ambiri sitingapeze kulowa galimoto anafika pa nsanja. N'chifukwa chake utsogoleri wa mobisa anaganiza kuyamba pa nthambi izi kuchuluka nyimbo. Komabe, izi si vutolo. Pakali pano, siteshoni ndi mkhalapakati. Izo zikugwirizana ndi madera munthu wa Moscow likulu lake. Ndi kupyolera mwa "Vykhino" anthu a maofesi zogona latsopano, zomangamanga ndi yofuna pa m'mphepete mwa mayendedwe inapita patsogolo, kufika kopita kwawo. Masana, siteshoni amatenga anthu za zikwi mazana asanu. Chidzalo cha njira mbiri! Zimenezi akusokoneza amaonekera pa moyo wa dera lonse loyandikira. Ngakhale kuti basi ndi trolley maulendo atsegulidwa, anthu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mobisa zoyendera amene ali mabvuto kwambiri.

N'chifukwa chake ndi otchuka pakati pa anthu kwa boma la Moscow amalipira mwapadera. Akuluakulu a boma anaganiza kuti akonzekeretse ili kuzungulira bwalo siteshoni. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri a m'deralo ndi alendowo anafunsa funso zotsatirazi: zomwe inamangidwa pa "Vykhino" za yapansi panthaka? Idzakhala wapadera kutonthozana mfundo, ndilo dongosolo ndi lalikulu. Pansi pa denga, iwo amaphatikana akuyandikira kwa mizere zonse zilipo kulankhulana. Komanso, mbali ya zovuta, Udzawaphimba malo mahekitala oposa makumi awiri, adzakhala osati ankafika nsanja, komanso zosiyanasiyana masitolo ndi misika. likulu Buku amakhulupirira kuti malo osati ntchito zoyendera zinthu m'derali, koma nawonso kulenga zinthu yabwino moyo anthu.