Euxine: dzina ano. History dzina la

Black Sea, omwe amatsuka kugombe la mayiko neskolkiz, kuphatikizapo Russia, si nthawi zonse wotchedwa choncho. A mbali yaikulu mu chikhalidwe wa Agiriki akale. Anautcha kuti Euxine Ponto. Dzina ano ali pang'ono kuchita ndi mawu amenewa.

History dzina la

Agiriki akale anali amalinyero kwambiri kufika ndi kupambana Mediterranean. Iwo anamanga zombo odalirika amene ankanyamula katundu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, choncho ndondomeko ya chuma chinakula mofulumira kuposa maiko oyandikana. Euxine, amene masiku ano dzina - Nyanja Black linali chidwi zamalonda anatengerapo mwayi colonizers.

Agiriki apatulidwa ku Black Sea m'mavuto a Bosporus ndi Dardanelles. Pamene silinakwaniritsidwe katswiri, zombo ochepa ankalimba mtima kupita kutali kumpoto. Dzina loyamba limene Agiriki kwa thupi ili la madzi: Pont Axinus. Yomasulira ku chinenero chawo amatanthauza "yovuta nyanja".

n'chifukwa makhalidwe otani? Ichi ndi dzina la kale la Nyanja Black anali kugwirizana ndi navigation zovuta ndi mafuko okhala m'mphepete mwake - Asikuti. Izi wongosamukasamuka chiyambi aku Iran anali kuthengo ndi adani, tiyeni malonda ndi nkhondo ndi njuchi. Ndi chifukwa cha nyanja iyi ankaona "yovuta".

Komabe, pali kungoganizira wina za chiyambi cha dzina ili. The adjective "Axinus" zikhoza kukhala mpweya buku la chinenero Msukuti chimene mawu likumasuliridwa kuti "wakuda". Zinali izi wongosamukasamuka a panyanja anapereka dzina lake, limene tsopano mwambo mu chikhalidwe chathu. Agriki, popeza anatengera Asikuti ake kusonkhana mawu ndi adjective kuwomba zofanana "yovuta". Umapezeka m'buku wotchuka "Geography" imene linalembedwa ndi Strabo. mwanjira ina, koma kutsutsana za chiyambi cha dzina akupitiriza mwa akatswiri a zinenero lero.

kuchereza alendo nyanja

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Agiriki anatenga akuti "kuchereza alendo nyanja" kapena Pont Euxine. Dzinali pano, ntchito lero mu Greece, nayenso, amamasulira "wakuda" ndi zaka - aiwala na ciyezezo ntchito. Komanso, Strabo chomwecho mu mabuku angapezeke kutchulidwa kwa nyanja, kapena kungoti Ponte (ngakhale zochepa wamba).

Mu malo a Agiriki anabwera Aroma ndipo kenako Byzantines. Kuyambira cha m'ma IX, iwo anali kudziŵika kuti nyanja Russian. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti zinali mu madzi ake anayamba kuoneka zabodza zopezeka oyendetsa - Scandinavia ndi Asilavo, amene anabweretsa katundu ku M'madera a zitunda kumpoto .. tsitsi, uchi, etc. dzina Patapita kufalitsa onse mu Kiev ndi mu West. Zinatha mpaka m'zaka XIV. Mwachitsanzo, Tingaone mu nthano ya makedzana Zaka.

Dzina zamakono

Pambuyo Russian Black Sea ndi nthawi. Popeza malemu Ages Middle masiku ano, ndi dzina ntchito ndi ambiri a zinenero dziko. mfundo yeniyeni za chiyambi chake kumeneko. Ambiri mwina, maziko ake ali ku Asia, monga Mwachitsanzo, zikusonyeza ntchito mawuwa ndi Asikuti ndi mafuko ena woyendayendawu.

Chifukwa wakuda? zinenero Asian (Turkey, Arabic, ndi zina zotero. D.) Kodi chidwi mwambo dzina mtundu wa nyanja. Zitsanzo zimenezi amafalitsidwa mu madera osiyana a ku gombe la chokhala: wachikasu, wofiira, etc ...

Ancient Greek kulamulira

Pachimake Agiriki ankafufuza lonse Ponto Euxine. Dzina masiku ano alibe chochita ndi mawuwa, koma kuda chitukuko cha yakale anabalalikira m'zigawo gombe.

Kotero, anali Sinop (Sinop Turkey lero) kumwera kwa waukulu Greek njuchi. Idamangidwa ndi mbadwa ya ku Mileto, amene amasangalala ndi Korinto yopapatiza pakati pa kumtunda ndi chilumba, kumene gombe inali yabwino. Kufikira tsopano, mtsutso za tsiku lenileni la maziko a mzinda uyu anakhalabe. vuto lagona pa choona kuti olemba mbiri yakale ali nazo awo ochepa magwero odalirika, ndipo iwo ali, mulole akutsutsana.

Malinga ndi Baibulo ambiri, Sinope anakhazikitsidwa mu 631 BC. e. Akatswiri ena mu datings awo Taphunzira kuti BC VIII atumwi. e. Pa nthawi yomweyo bwino kuposa wina aliyense pa gombe kum'mwera kwa Ponto ofukula anaphunzira Heraclea Pontica. Anthu wamba chaperekedwa mu serfs amene ankalamulira amalonda olemera. Malinga ndi nthano, Suli kutali apa anali mbadwa kumidima, ndi mtsinje umene unali pafupi kumudzi, kupita kudziko la akufa.

Agiriki kumpoto Black Sea gombe

South Black Sea Coast anali ntchito ndi Agiriki bwino kuposa ena, chifukwa kumpoto nyengo kale ndinasintha chosiyana ndi chomwe zinkachitika mu Peloponnese ndi Attica. Mu Crimea, ndi Caucasus ndi nyengo anali ankhanza ndipo yonyowa kuti kufooka osamukawo. Komanso, Agiriki adawopa Asikuti ndi Tauri, amene, malinga ndi Strabo, ankachita kudya.

Komabe, kupita kwa nthaŵi ndi dera lino iyawonekambo mu chikoka cha Agiriki. Nyanja Black (monga anaitana Pont Euxine) angapo a mitsinje yabwino kumanga doko. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi lakuti confluence a m'kamwa mwa Bug ndi Dnieper Mtsinje (masiku ano Ukraine).

Olvia

Pamenepa ndi pamene milentsy anamanga ndi Olbia, yomwe imawononga akadali kukopa alendo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ife anayamba zamalonda kutsogolera kuchokera m'madera osiyana, chifukwa cha mitsinje osiyana pano anabweretsa zodabwitsa kwambiri, ku maganizo a Agiriki, mankhwala, chikuzika m'misika kum'mwera. Chifukwa iyi Black Sea gombe wakhala goldmine kwenikweni kwa amalonda ndi Olvia msanga analemera.

Iwo unagawidwa pawiri. Pagombe, m'chigwa, inali tauni chapamwamba, ndipo pa m'mapiriŵa - mailosi pang'ono kuchokera apo - chapamwamba. Kuyambira kale madzi a m'nyanja akwera mu malo awa, ndi gawo la doko anapita pansi madzi. Komabe anasunga m'madera onse lonse, amene anapezedwa ku tawuni chapamwamba. Ndi mwambo kuti malo a zamalonda Greek, minda wopatulika ndi zina zotero. D.

Kuti adziteteze Asikuti Olbia unazunguliridwa ndi makoma, amene amatchulidwa mu bukhu la mbiri yakale kwambiri Herodotus. Akatswiriwa anapezanso zotsala za nyumba pano. Nthawi zambiri, iwo anali chipinda chimodzi mosabisa kuti anali ndi dongosolo chapansi. Zimathandiza anthu kuti adziteteze ku yozizira. Kutentha komanso anakhalabe cholinga. Madenga zinamangidwa udzu.

Mbiri ya Black Sea amadziwa dazeni madera oterewa omwe sanali kumusamalira pambuyo wakale chitukuko Greek anagonjetsedwa ndi Aroma.