Pilot Stepan Mikoyan: yonena, zithunzi

Stepan Mikoyan - Soviet mayeso woyendetsa, ndege, Hero wa USSR, wogwira madongosolo a Lenin ndi Red Chabwino, moyo unali wotchuka ndi ndegeyo. Zinali iye amene anali kutsogolela za kayendesedwe wotchuka "Buran" - Space Olumikiza, amene ayesa ndi kupambana kwakukulu mu November 1988

ubwana

Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich, amene yonena akufotokozedwa m'nkhani ino, anabadwa mu Tiflis (tsopano Tbilisi) 12 July 1922 Atate Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan anali odziwika bwino gulu ndi boma mtsogoleri Soviet, ndi mayi wake Ashkhen Lazarevna Tumanyan. Ukwati wawo unali wautali ndiponso wachimwemwe. Mawu a Stepan Mikoyan, iye sankakhoza kukumbukira nthawi umodzi pamene makolo ake kukangana kapena anafuula. Iwo nthawi zonse ankakonda mzake ndi chikondi chachikulu ndi ulemu.

Banja Mikoyans anali ndi ana asanu. The wamkulu wa iwo anali Stepan. ana ake atatu wamng'ono ndi unatchedwa wotchuka Baku commissars - Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Alekseya Dzhaparidze, Stepan Shaumyan ndi Ivana Fioletova, amene Anastas Mikoyan wakhala anakhalabe ubwenzi. mwana wachiwiri dzina lake Volodya, ngati iye anabadwa chaka atamwalira VI Lenin. ana onse anakhala tchuthi pa kanyumba "Zubalovo". Malinga ndi Stepan Mikoyan, inali yaikulu m'dera, unazunguliridwa ndi khoma mkulu njerwa. Ndipo penapake mu mtima wa izo pali kanyumba wina "Zubalovo-2", pomwe Stalin ankakhala ndi banja lake.

Popeza Anastas Ivanovich anali munthu wotchuka States, anali kucheza ndi anthu ambiri ku anamuperekeza Iosifa Stalina, amene kenako anazunzidwa. Stepan adawazindikira wonse, ndi abwenzi ubwana ndi mwana wa mtsogoleri Vasiliem Stalinym.

chizolowezi kumwamba

Mu 30s Mu zaka zapitazo, pafupifupi wachinyamata anafuna kulumikiza moyo wake ndi ndegeyo. Za kumwamba pamene kulota masauzande a sukulu Soviet. Ndinali nazonso ndi mwana wamkulu Stepan Mikoyan. Komanso, chizolowezi imeneyi kwathandiza amalume ake Artem Ivanovich, amene panthawiyo anali mnyamata opanga ndege.

Mu August 1940, Stepan Mikoyan, pamodzi ndi bwenzi Timurom Frunze analembetsa Kachin ukuuluka sukulu. Patapita chaka chimodzi, kumayambiriro September 1941, iye bwinobwino maphunziro kusukulu m'tauni ya Krasny Kut (Saratov dera.). Kenako ananditumiza 8 m'malo Regiment anakhazikika m'mudzi waung'ono Sennoy, kumpoto kwa Saratov. Pano, iye ankayenera kuti mopupuluma kachiwiri kuphunzira ndegeyo "Yak-1." M'katikati mwa December chaka chomwecho pa kameredwe Stepan Mikoyan (chithunzi Flyer anapereka m'nkhani) akulowa 11 TH Wankhondo Regiment, gawo la 6 IAK PVO ndi kuteteza thambo pa Moscow.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Kufika kumaloko, woyendetsa wamng'ono anapeza kuti Regiment wake pamaso inathawa kuukira German asilikali pansi. Komabe, onse a December ndi mbali ya January 1942, iye anali anakwanitsa sadzauluka pa ntchito, monga nyengo kwambiri sanalole kuti agwire ntchito iliyonse yogwira mu mlengalenga. Ndi isanayambike masiku wopambana Stepan Mikoyan anagwirapo ntchito pa ndege yake "Yak-1" mu ndege, cholinga amene anali kuphimba asilikali Soviet m'tauni ya chigawo Volokolamsk, makamaka, ndi apakavalo a General L. M. Dovatora amene anachita nthawi ndi kuukira nthawi ndi German-wotanganidwa gawo.

Si chinsinsi kuti nthawi zambiri, ndege Soviet anabwera pansi moto kuchokera mfuti antiaircraft mdani. Kotero izo zinali limodzi la masiku a January 1942 Mdani odana ndege mfuti anatsegula moto pa ndege yathu kusiya nyengo anatembenuka zoipa zikuchepa ndipo panali kunagwa chipale chofewa lolemera. Koma ngakhale izi, squadron anatha molondola kutera pa msewu wonyamukira ndege chifukwa Stepanu Mikoyanu, amene ankadziwa malo m'misewu ya Moscow, pafupi ndi ku Central Aerodrome mu Moscow, kumene anakakhala ake 11 TH Wankhondo Regiment.

ubatizo wa magazi

Okwana nthawi yozizira ya 1941-1942. Woyendetsa wamng'ono mbali ya Regiment wake 10 bwino ndege, koma Mphindi 11 akhoza chakupha iye. January 16 pa chivundikiro cha Istria, ndege zina ngozi kupusa kunagwa mkulu chachiwiri 562 TH Regiment Mihailom Rodionovym. Stepan Mikoyan, amene yonena akanakhoza kukhala pa mapeto awa, ndipo komabe anakwanitsa kumtunda galimoto wake woyaka moto, ndege ndi kunena, pa mimba. Kugwa kwa ndegeyo Soviet chinaoneka achinyamata m'mudzi. Anagwira ndi kutenthedwa, ndi mwendo wosweka ndi woyendetsa ndege ya msewu, ndipo kumeneko, kupeza ena sled, anamutengera kuchipatala kumunda.

Mikhail Rodionov wopalamulayo akapereka khoti, ndi msilikali Mikoyan kuthana pambuyo kuchira. Koma ichi, iwo anabwera ku khoti. Kumayambiriro June 1942, Senior mkulu Rodionov anaphedwa pankhondo mpweya pafupi Kaluga, amene anali atamwalira kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union. Ndipo Stepan anali kuchiritsa mabala awo kwa miyezi ingapo kwambiri.

ndege zatsopano

Mu August 1942 mu Lyubertsy pa kukonzanso ake kale lachitatu anabwera 434 TH Wankhondo Aviation Regiment, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa 32 alonda. Ndi wotchuka chifukwa chakuti kamodzi kumenyana 26 ndege, amene analandira udindo wa Zimphona la Soviet Union. Pamodzi, anawombera pansi ndege oposa 520 mdani. Kenako mu 1942 mkulu regimental anali 24 wazaka ngwazi ya Soviet Union Ivan Kleschev, ndipo anali kuyang'anira unit yokha Vasily Stalin.

Mwana wa mtsogoleri kuyambira ali mwana ankadziwa abale Mikoyans - Stepan ndi Vladimir. Choyamba, Regiment anatenga achinyamata, ndipo kenako analembetsa ndi wachiwiri. Pambuyo anamenyela nkhondo amene anali ndi iwo mbali ndi mbali, tinauzidwa kuti abale awiri anali kutilanga kwambiri, khama ndi kudzichepetsa, kotero iwo yomweyo pafupifupi pamodzi ndi banja regimental wochezeka.

Pa chiyambi cha September 1942 LOMALIZA ntchito ya Regiment, pokhala pansi pa ndege zoyendera anaulukira kwa Sennoy. Apa, ndege anali kukhala latsopano womenya ndege "Yak-7b", atangofika kumene molunjika ku Saratov Aviation Bzalani. Patapita masiku angapo anabwera kuti ndi kusamuka kwa airfield wina, wapafupi famu "Stalingrad" imene ili 60 zokha kuchokera ku mzinda. Kleschevsky Regiment yomweyo amatengedwa mu Army 16.

Agalu pa Stalingrad

Woyamba nkhondowo ntchito ya Regiment utangoyamba analamula panokha Ivan Kleschev. Powona woyamba Stalingrad mpweya, ndi atsopano anawapha. chowonetsedwa amenewa. Stepan Mikoyan ananena kuti maso ake anaonekera mzinda lamoto. Black utsi ndi moto anakonzeka makilomita angapo, ndipo iye anayang'ana kupyolera mu madzi a buluu a Don ndi Volga. Mu mlengalenga chinayandama mazana a ndege, ambiri a iwo anali German olimbana ndi zoponya mabomba.

Monga amadziwika, ndi regimental mkulu Kleshchev nthawi anayambitsa alendo agalu pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti Stepan Mikoyan kale zomuchitikira zina nkhondowo mu mlengalenga pa likulu, izo koma anatsimikiza kuti otsatira ake. Msampha umenewu amathandiza ndege wamng'ono kuwalamulira tikhale nkhondowo zinachitikira popanda chiopsezo kwambiri.

Kuyimitsidwa kwa ndege

Komabe, theka lachiwiri la September anali koipa: masabata atatu okha dogfighting Regiment anawononga oposa 80 omenyana mdani. Koma zomvetsa anakakhala lingamutsatire: 25 ndege ndi oyendetsa 16. Pakati pa akufa anali mng'ono Vladimir Stepan Mikoyan. regimental mkulu Ivan yekha Kleshchev anali kwambiri ndiwobvulazidwa.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya m'bale wake Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich anali inaimitsidwa kwa zouluka ndi dongosolo ya lamulo. Pokumbukira Vladimir ndege pa ndege angapo anabweretsa akuti "Pakuti Volodya!". Kumayambiriro October, zotsalira za Regiment anatumizidwa mmbuyo. akuluakulu angapo anapatsidwa udindo Hero wa Soviet Union, ndi Vladimir (atamwalira) ndi Stepan anapatsidwa malamulo lankhondo la Red mbendela.

Nkhondo Mikoyan kutsirizidwa mu udindo wa mkulu ndipo linapereka maulemu nkhondo ziwiri. Pa maudani, iye anali amathera nkhondo ochepa ndi ndege mdani, koma, malinga ndi zolembedwa, kuphatikizapo 6 gulu Umapeza nkhani yake nkhondo.

Phunziro mu Engineering Academy

Mu 1945, chigonjetso Mikoyan kukwatira mzake wakale Eleanor, mwana wamkazi wa mayeso woyendetsa Petra Lozovskogo, amene anali chisoni anaphedwa pamene zouluka womenya ndege "Ine-4". Atakwatirana, mnyamata analowa Air Force Academy. NE Zhukovsky pa mkhalidwe wa Engineering. Omvera amene kale anali zaka zambiri, analoledwa kuuluka ndege pa kutaya Academy. Maphunziro Regiment n'kuti mudzi. Belopesotsky pafupi Kashira. Kenako, atatu a iwo ankayenera kuti adziwe zatsopano womenya Jets.

Mwambowo ntchito yake Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich anasankha kovuta ndipo m'malo kufika kwa nthawi lathu. Anafotokoza za munthu supersonic mwatsatanetsatane womenya. Ambiri mwina, zinthu zonse za chitukuko cha ndege tsogolo "MiG 19" anapatsidwa ndi amalume ake Anusha Mikoyan.

Stepan maphunziro ntchito kutsogozedwa ndi wotchuka VF Bolkhovitinov kuti ngakhale kuti nkhondo ankachita nawo ntchito yomanga zoponya mabomba lolemera "DB-A" ndipo kenako chilengedwe cha woyamba mu Soviet Union chida wowonongayo "zina kuti adzipeza". Choncho, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti Mikoyan ndi anzawo a m'kalasi ndi oyendetsa akatswiri ndi akatswiri makina anali pachiyambi penipeni wa chilengedwe cha ndege ndege.

ntchito mwakhama

Mu August 1951, Stepan Ananstasovich anafika pa ndege mayeso malo NII Air Force. Apa anakhala 23 yaitali zaka kudziyesa nkhondowo ndege osiyana za thupi Yakovlev, Mikoyan ndi Sukhoi. Iye, kuposa wina aliyense, iye bwinobwino ophatikizana ntchito ya woyendetsa ndi udindo wa injiniya SRI patsogolo.

Kuyambira 1975 Stepan Mikoyan - ndi Hero wa Soviet Union. Ankalandira izo udindo waukulu pa kuyesa atsopano a interceptor "MiG 25". Pakuti nthawi zonse ntchito yake anatha adziwe 102 mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndege, ndi nthawi yomweyo mu mlengalenga zoposa 3.5 zikwi. Maola.

"Buran" pulogalamu

Mu 1974 Stepan Anastasovich ndi chigamulo cha bolodi zachipatala inachotsedwa mayeso a galimoto nkhondowo, koma ankaloledwa ntchito pa ndege za helikoputala ndi zoyendera ndi ndege anthu. Pa zaka 56 iye ankadziwa kuti sangathe kamodzinso bwinobwino zapita kufufuza mankhwala, choncho tinali kuvomereza kupereka kusamukira ku ntchito ina.

Mu April 1978 anakhala kazembe Mikoyan "Mphezi" NGO mkulu mlengi. Apa Ge Lozino-Lozinsky analenga chombo yozungulira "Buran". Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi, pa mphindi yabwino anadza anapeza pa zaka zambiri ntchito Stepan Anastasovich pa gulu la mayeso ndege, pamene anaganiza kulenga analogue mumlengalenga la chombo, dzina lake "Mankhwala 002". Flight kuyezetsa, benchi maphunziro luso oyendetsa nawo Mikoyan. Iye anali ndi udindo kasamalidwe ndi weniweni "Buran" mu ndege wake woyamba ndi wotsiriza mu mlengalenga.

Maulendo

Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti msilikali General Aviation Stepan Mikoyan pafupifupi moyo wake wonse kuti ndege, kapena kani, piloting awo. Ndipo monga 70 wazaka imvi onse, iye akungokhalira ankayendetsa galimotoyo yekha, "Yak-18T".

Ngakhale zochita zambiri, iye anapeza nthawi kulemba bukhu. Mbiri mu chikhalidwe, Maulendo molondola kusonyeza moyo ku Soviet Union ndi zonse zimene anakhala ndi mmene ntchito wolemba wake wotchuka Stepan Mikoyan. "Maulendo a asilikali mayeso woyendetsa" zinafikira mu UK, ndipo kenako mu Russia. Bukuli chidwi kwambiri osati kwa oyendetsa komanso anthu wamba amene amasamala za mbiri ya boma.