Lzhedmitry 1: yonena mwachidule wonamizira ndi

Mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi pali zitsanzo zambiri pamene mphamvu m'dziko lina kapena onyenga wina analanda kumachita ngati olamulira weniweni. Panali Zikatero, ndipo mu Russia. Woyamba wa zimenezi mu 1605, pamene wachifumu wa Moscow anatsimikizira Lzhedmitry 1. yonena za munthu wotchuka lili mfundo zambiri zosiyansiyana. Olemba mbiri ena kutamandidwa iye ndi mbadwa achifumu, koma akatswiri ambiri okonda amakhulupirira kuti munthu amene ananena kuti mozizwitsa anathawa mwana wamng'ono wa Ivan IV m'khutu, wotchedwa Dmitry - ndi adventurer, amene anali ndi malingaliro oipa ndi enviable.

Origin ndi achinyamata wonamizira

Amene anali kwenikweni Lzhedmitry 1? Mwachidule yonena za munthu uyu lilibe zambirimbiri za moyo wake pamaso pa inalowa ufumu. Mu mbiri ya boma kuti anavomereza kuti Lzhedmitry 1 anabadwa pafupifupi mu 1581 ku Galich (Kostroma Parish). Pobadwa, ndi wabodza dzina lake Yuri (Yushkoy), ndipo bambo wake anali unango wakuveka losauka Chilituyaniya banja Nelidova Bogdan Otrepyev. Kufika mu unyamata wake mu Moscow, mnyamata analowa utumiki mu chimodzi cha malamulo. Pambuyo ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, Yuri Otrepyev anakhala wansembe pansi pa dzina la Gregory. Izi zinachitika mu 1600. Ndinapita ku Juska obisika osati ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba, ndipo pofuna kupewa chilango, chifukwa mu moyo chidziko anaba, namwa sanamvere bambo ake.

chaka A pambuyo malonjezo monga Wansembe Grigory anakwanitsa n'kukakhala ku ansembe yotchedwa Chozizwitsa mu Moscow. Kukhala kulemba ndi kusangalala Zilembozo zinkasonyeza, mnyamatayo ali mmenemo malo a mabuku mlembi. Pamenepa ndi pamene lingaliro pa Otrepiev kusanzira asanakalambe wakufayo ankayembekezera kulowa ufumu Prince wotchedwa Dmitry wa Moscow. Gregory anali ndi zaka zofanana monga mwana wamng'ono wa John IV, ndipo ngakhale kufanana kwa iye.

Kufotokozera maonekedwe Otrepiev

Makhalidwe Falsdmitry 1, anasiya m'nthawi yake, zikusonyeza kuti iye anali Aperewera kutalika ndi modabwitsa lonse, ndi yochepa khosi ndi manja amayesetsa osiyana. Munthu uyu sitinganene kuti wokongola wake nkhope wozungulira "chokongoletsedwa" njerewere zazikulu ndi zazikulu, chokhala nsapato mphuno. Iye anali wachisoni ndi woganiza, koma ali ndi chidwi mphamvu ndi mosavuta akhoza kukhotetsa ndi horseshoe na manja ace.

Moyo mu Poland

Pamene anali tsogolo la munthu amene anapita mu mbiri monga Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry 1? Mwachidule yonena za iye zikusonyeza kuti 1602 adapezeka olakwa kuba, nathawa obisika a. Pakuti nthawi zina fraudster anali Kiev, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku Poland ndi Mwakachetechete anatenga Chikatolika. Pali iye ankalengeza wolowa woyenerera wa mpando wachifumu Russian, ndipo anasankha thandizo la King Sigismund III. Amayamikira chakuti adzathandiza kuti atenge ulamuliro wachifumu wa Moscow, analonjeza 1 Lzhedmitry Rzeczpospolita gawo la West m'mayiko Russian. Anapempha thandizo la abwanamkubwa ndi wonamizira Ezhi Mnisheka, kulumbira kuti akwatire mwana wake Marina, kupereka mzinda wa Pskov ndi Novgorod ndi kulipira 1 miliyoni zlotys.

Kuukira mizinda Russian ndi kulanda mphamvu

Lzhedmitry 1 ndi atatu Polish asilikali zikwizikwi anayamba kampeni yolimbana ndi maiko Russian m'dzinja 1604. Chifukwa wosakhutira ndi anthu a m'dera la malamulo mkati Borisa Godunova, amene anali de A facto wolamulira wa boma pa mwana lofooka Ioanna Groznogo, Otrepiev msanga anakwanitsa muligonjetse mizinda yambiri Russian ndi kukhazikika mu Putivl. Chitakhazikitsidwa kuno ndi boma Lzhedmitry 1. Mwachidule yonena wonyenga lili mfundo kutsimikizira kuti anthu anathandiza mfumu yatsopano pokhulupirira kuti izo zisanachitike kwenikweni chozizwitsa anathawa mwana wa Yohane IV, ndipo izo fungatirani kuti awo a dziko.

Mu April 1605 anamwalira mwadzidzidzi Boris Godunov ndi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu analengeza ndi mwana wake Fedor. Koma kuti akhoza sangapulumuke mphamvu: masabata angapo kenako unagonjetsedwa ndi mbali ya wotchedwa Dmitry Zonama. Mwalamulo kulamulira pa mpando wachifumu June 20, 1605, ndi wabodza analamula kupha Theodore ndi mayi ake, ndi mchemwali wake Xenia wapanga mdzakazi izo wake, kenako anam'tumizira Akatolika.

Anthu potsiriza ankakhulupirira kuti pamaso pake ndi wolowa nyumba weniweni mfumuyo, anali kukonza msonkhano ndi Maria maliseche adventurer, mayi wotchedwa Dmitry a. Mkazi ananena kwa bambo waima kutsogolo kwa mwana wake. Patatha Otrepiev imfa, iye amasiya mawu wake, anavomereza kuti iye anakakamizika kunama anthu ake.

Makhalidwe Falsdmitry mfundo zoweta 1

Kamodzi mphamvu, kumene anapanga wolamulira mwalamulo analetsa ziphuphu, analamulidwa kubwerera ku ukapolo wa anthu amakhudzidwa ndi Godunov, anachita ziŵalo asilikali ndi malipiro kuchuluka kwa aliyense amene anali mu utumiki. Wonamizira kuchepetsa mavuto a serfs ndi, anamasulidwa Russian kum'mwera kwa misonkho ziwembu asankhidwa m'dziko ku mchitidwe.

M'banja Politika Lzhedmitriya 1 umalimbana kulimbitsa wa chikoka Polish muzochitika zones za moyo pagulu. Ndipo anamulonjeza kumanga mipingo, inabuka mwa anthu wamba, kusangalala ena ndi bungwe Chinsinsi Chancellery, zimene zinaphatikizapo Zitsulo. Pamene wonyenga Boyar Duma anadzatchedwa ya Senate, ndi pafupi boma la Russia wayamba kumanga nyumba matabwa malemba chinsinsi. Mu mfundo yachilendo Lzhedmitry 1 anatsogolera kukonzekera nkhondo ndi Turkey, amene anali ndi chidwi Sigismund III.

Otrepiev Ukwati wa Marina Mniszek ndi kupha wake

Posachedwapa zinachititsa kuti anthu Lzhedmitry 1. yonena wake chimasonyeza kuti iye kusangalala, anakonda kusaka ndi akazi okongola. The kusakhutira wa anthu Orthodox anachititsa wolamulira ukwati ndi Marina Mniszek anakhala mu mwambo wa Chikatolika. Pa mwambo mu Moscow wasonkhanitsa ambiri Zitsulo amene, mwachilungamo tipsy, mundilanda odutsa ndi kuthyola m'nyumba za anthu kumeneko.

May 17, 1606, pakati pa phwando la ukwati, amayesetsa kulanda ufumu Prince Vasili Shuisky anatsogolera kupanduka mu Moscow, zomwe zinachititsa 1 Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry ndi anthu ake anaphedwa. Anthu pissed mwankhanza wonyenga yaitali adamseka thupi lake, kenako kuwotchedwa ndi nawuza mfuti phulusa, anawombera ake n'kulowera wa Commonwealth. Choncho ignominiously inatha masiku ake Lzhedmitry 1. Mwachidule yonena za wotchuka ndi limatiuzanso nthano, limafotokoza nkhani ya zimene zimachitika onyenga.