Arden (Belgium). nkhalango Ardennes: udindo wa Choyamba ndi Chachiwiri World Nkhondo

nkhalango Ardennes - ndi khamu lalikulu eponymous mapiri, yomwe ili m'malire a makono France, Belgium ndi Luxembourg. Pali awiri Mabaibulo za chiyambi cha dzina la: pali maganizo kuti placename Ardenne (Ardennes) umabwerera kwa mawu Acelt "wakuda", pamene malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, dzina amachokera kwa nkhalango ya adjective "mkulu" chinenero chimodzi.

makhalidwe General

nkhalango Ardennes ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Pali miyala ya malasha ndi zitsulo. zomera The makamaka umaimiridwa ndi birches, spruces ndi conifers ena. Iye anapereka dzina la mmodzi wa kumpoto kum'mawa French dipatimenti, ndi lero ndi yaikulu zachilengedwe m'mapaki kwa zokopa alendo. nkhalango Ardennes ali ndi yabwino kwambiri malo oonekera, kotero nthawi zambiri zochitika za zinthu zikuluzikulu European.

Mbiri ndi chikhalidwe

Kutchula koyamba za nkhalango Ardennes amatanthauza I m'ma BC. Yuliy Tsezar mu wotchuka wake "Buku pa Gallic nkhondo" alibe manyazi udindo. Komanso, khamu ndi amatchulidwa angapo ntchito wotchuka zolembalemba. Mwachitsanzo, Inetu akungoyendayenda wolemekezeka Knight Roland, ndi ngwazi za ndakatulo akale ndi nthano. Zimene wotchuka Shakespearean sewero lanthabwala "Monga mumayikonda" amayikidwa mu nkhalango. Mu Middle Ages, ofalitsa ntchito zawo anapanga khamu ili malo chadzaoneni, kuika mu chipululu wake matsenga magwero, zinthu ndi chodzaza ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa.

nkhondo

Ardennes Forest anali maonekedwe a munthu ntchito pa First World nkhondo. Apa mu August chaka choyamba, inayamba Nkhondo inali nkhondo yadzaoneni a asilikali German ndi French. kusiyana Major zinachitika mu malo awiri: m'dera Longwy ndi Semois Mtsinje. Mu gawo loyamba la asilikali a French anagonjetsedwa ndi kuloŵa kum'mwera. Pambuyo amene anabwera nkhondo pakati wotopa yaing'ono. Pa mtsinje, asilikali French, ngakhale ukulu wake, nayenso analephera.

Ntchito 1944-1945

Ndiye kuti zochitika za nkhondo pakati pa adani awo ndi Germany anakhalanso ndi Ardennes nkhalango. Nkhondo inali yatsala pang'ono kutha, koma anali ndi nkhondo, umene mbali zonse kusonkhanitsa mphamvu zawo zonse. M'chaka cha 1944, adani tidakocheza asilikali awo mu Normandy, n'kutsegula ndi kutsogolo chachiwiri pa Ulaya. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri udindo wa dziko la Germany mu kumadzulo, monga iwo anakakamizika kugawanitsa magulu awo pawiri ndi kufooketsa malo a gawo kum'mawa. Anglo-American asilikali anali kukonza vuto lalikulu, koma Germany ankayenera kuphwanya malinga awo.

Za mapulani awo zinadziwika kwa lamulo, ndipo anapita zotsatirazi: mbali amphamvu kwambiri komanso aluso anayikidwa mu kumpoto ndi kumwera, pakati chitetezo ofooka zochokera akuzinga ndi kutenga mdani mu msampha. Komabe, Germany linakhazikitsa amanyansidwa lalikulu zokwanira, zimakhudza awo anali palpable ndi kuchedwa patsogolo lankhondo.

zolawula

Ikani nkhonyayo waukulu wa asilikali German m'ma December mu gawo kumadzulo anali Ardennes nkhalango. Wachiwiri World nkhondo akubwera ku mathero, koma ntchito kwasonyeza kuti malo German akadali silamphamvu. Ndipotu, anaswa chitetezo ndi patsogolo kwambiri mpaka kumtunda. ntchito mwatsatanetsatane choikidwacho pamaso pawo: kugwila milatho pa Meuse Mtsinje, monga iwo anatsegula njira ndi gawo la Belgium. The Germany anaganiza kuchita zimenezo, ngakhale kuti iwo analibe mafuta, koma amayenera kudzaza kwa madera French ndi Belgium. Pasanathe masiku khumi, mphamvu German anaukira anagwirizana maudindo. Anapezanso analanda mudzi wa St. Vith. Komabe Bastogne iwo kuti atenge ndipo analephera. Kuti kufulumizitsa kumbuyo, Churchill anafunsa Stalin moti inapita kayendedwe ka asilikali Soviet mu gawo kumadzulo.

counteroffensive

M'bwalomo kubwezera ogwirizana anakhala chomwecho mikwingwirima Ardennes nkhalango. Belgium, yeniyeni, likulu lake, anali ndi cholinga kayendedwe ka Nazi pamene ankaganiza kubwezeretsanso katundu wawo, ndi mafuta. Komabe, kumapeto December ndi oyambirira January chaka chamawa, adani linakhazikitsa counterattack mwachangu. Iwo analephera dongosolo awo adzazungulire Germany ndi kuwatengera iwo mu mphete. Kuchokera kumpoto ndi kumwera, anachititsa nkhonya kusimba ndithu pa adani ndiponso anawatenga mu chilengedwe. Kwache, nyamalache anapitiriza kulimbana ndi kudziteteza. Chomaliza zinasintha pambuyo asilikali Soviet linakhazikitsa amanyansidwa yaikulu ku Nyanja Baltic kwa Carpathian Mapiri. Izi kukakamiza lamulo German kusamutsa zofunika, magulu ambiri amatha kum'mawa, potero zofooketsa malo a West. Ndiye adani chinaperekedwa kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa mdani, ndipo ngakhale malamulo Hitler kupitiriza mseru wa zotsala za asilikali a German anayamba abwerere.

mtengo

Ardennes nkhalango, chithunzi chimene m'nkhani ino, anali malo mmodzi wa kugonjetsedwa aakulu kwambiri a ku Germany pa chomaliza nkhondo. Iwo anataya lonse la ndege ake nawo ntchito, ngakhale asanafike nayo nthawi yochititsa angapo kuukira chidwi airfields ogwirizana mu madera French ndi Belgium. Nazi sanali kukwaniritsa ngakhale ake vuto lenileni luso: musati analanda milatho pa Meuse Mtsinje. Iwo analibe mwayi kwa mafuta, amene anali wachiwiri zofunika kwambiri cholinga cha lamulo German.