Folk mikuluwiko ana. mikuluwiko Russian wowerengeka

Pakuti mazenera 21, koma iwe ukhoza kumva anthu kulalikira kwa mzake mothandizidwa ndi nzeru wowerengeka, lomwe kale. "Fulumira zimapangitsa zinyalala" - kotero iwo amati bustler. "Ndipo mkaziyo ali ndi zaka proruha" - anthu zolimbikitsa amene analephera.

Miyambo, mawu, mikuluwiko - mbiri kuti imafalikira pakamwa lero polankhula ndi kulemba mabuku ndi mabuku. Ndipo kotero kudzakhala malinga chinenero moyo ndi okamba ake.

Wapadera chithunzi cha

Mwambi - mtundu wa chodabwitsa cha mawu, malangizo waukulu umene - mothandizidwa ndi mafanizo ndi mafanizo kuti ubongo wa munthu kuganiza ndi ntchito imaginatively kwambiri. Akufotokozera mphamvu kuonerera, zofunikira pamene kuwerenga ndi dziko la ana, ndi akuzisunga zikumveka maganizo a akulu.

Sizikudziwika chimodzimodzi pamene chithunzi anaonekera. Izi mtundu wanyimbo wowerengeka akadali ntchito maphunziro ndi maphunziro a ana kindergartens ndi pa maphunziro mabuku sukulu, choncho imakhudzira katundu wa maganizo achinyamata ndi amodzi pa nthawi imene tsenga ake funso anafunsa apaulendo masinfikisi.

zamaganizo amakono amanena kuti nkhani kapena mikuluwiko kungoganizira akufotokozera ana okuluwika ndi kuganiza. Chuma cha ichi mitundu yaing'ono folklore zimaloza ku chinthu chilichonse ndi mndandanda wa khalidwe la kufanana awo kapena kusiyana zimene zimapezeka iye, kukakamiza ana kuganizira za kugwirizana zochitika mu dziko lenileni.

Kupeza yankho mwambi akufotokozera luso:

• kupanga awo nokha yankho ndi nthawi yosanthula;
• kukuza chidziwitso cha chowonadi;
• bwino kukumbukira;
• kukhala kulankhula ndi kuganiza.

Folk mikuluwiko kuuza ana kuya wodzala ndi nzeru za makolo awo ndi kuphunzira kuzindikira ntchito zawo.

Nthano yochokera Kale

Mwamwayi, pa masamu kalelo anali chida champhamvu maganizo mayeso kukhwima. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ansembe ku Igupto wakale, ndi thandizo lawo kuzindikira ngwazi woona ku Greece, iwo sanali pochitika ndi miyambo Asilavo.

Kaya mlingo wa chitukuko cha chitukuko anthu, anthu amene ankakhala m'mayiko osiyana ndi mibadwo yosiyana, masamu analengedwa ofanana kwambiri nazo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti anthu nthawi zonse kuyang'anira mosamala dziko kuzungulira iwo ndi poyerekeza chodabwitsa kunachitika izo.

Folk mikuluwiko - wosanjikiza lonse la zochitika za chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mpaka tsopano Ine ndafikanso limodzi mwa mafunso a masinfikisi za amene amayenda pa miyendo inayi m'mawa, masana pa - awiri, ndi madzulo - atatu. Malinga ndi nthano ina, iye anapha anthu ambiri kuyesera ndikuganiza.

Ntchito mikuluwiko

Kale, anthu ambiri ntchito zophiphiritsa kuti kudziteteza, nyumba ndi ziweto zawo kwa diso zoipa. Alenje, kupita ku nkhalango ya masewero, ntchito chinenero chinsinsi cha mikuluwiko kuti ananena "zikho" pasadakhale osati anamva zolinga ndi sanapite ku mayiko ena.

Anyakugulisa, jesters ndi buffoons mwakhama ntchito masamu kuti kudziteteza ku mizimu yoipa. Russian wowerengeka miyambi, mwachitsanzo, anali kale njira mayeso asilikali ankhondo nthawi ndi mtendere - grooms ndi anyamata.

Mu mbiri ya Germany akale ndi Scandinavians, pali umboni kuti panali mwambo: apaulendo akhoza kutenga usiku, koma ndikulingalira mwambi. The Asilavo wakale madzulo wapadera unachitikira mu kugwa ndi yozizira, pamene ntchito adali kumunda. Mudzi wonse unasonkhana mu kanyumba waukulu akazi anawomba nsalu ndi needlework, anthu anakonza njira ndi ana akale odziwa achinyamata kuti luso.

Pamene nkhani anafunsidwa masamu (Russian anthu), ndi mayankho iwo anali ndi motsatana. Anapambana kwambiri ochenjera ndi chidwi. Mu njira iyi, akulu anzeru amalimbikitsa maganizo a achinyamata kukhala, wodziwa ndi kufufuza dziko.

Mpaka m'ma 19 mochedwa unali mwambo, pamene operekeza akwati sanalole mkwatibwi wake ndi anyamata ake mpaka iwo ndikuganiza masamu onse anawapatsa. Masiku ano mtundu wanyimbo wowerengeka mwakhama ntchito pa chitukuko cha m'maganizo, kukumbukira ndi kuonerera mu sukulu ndi zaka sukulu oyambirira.

miyambi

Today miyambi chiyambi nkhani chidwi pokhapokha akatswiri a zinenero ndi akatswiri chikhalidwe, ngakhale ntchito m'mawu ake, pafupifupi onse, ngakhale likukuvutitsani kupeza chimene chinali chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo. Ndipo likukhalira kuti maziko a ambiri a iwo konkire mabuku a mbiri yakale kapena zochitika zozama za anthu, m'njira kusonyeza nzeru zake ku mibadwomibadwo.

Proverb - yemweyo lalifupi chongoyerekezera kulembedwa pa chithunzi, koma ndi tanthauzo zothandiza. Kawirikawiri izo ziyenera amafananirako, koma zambiri za katundu - m'badwo wamng'ono wa maphunziro ndi kulanda moyo wake zinachitikira. Mwachitsanzo, "nkhuku pamaso aswa," anati munthu kuyambira ntchito iliyonse, ndi msanga linaŵerengera phindu kapena phindu apeza kuchokera izo.

Miyambo ndi mikuluwiko anali mabuku amene kukula ndi kukhala mibadwo yambiri ya ana.

mawu

Ichi ndi mtundu wina wa mitundu yaing'ono zolembalemba, cholinga chachikulu cha zomwe ndi kusonyeza moyo wa mfundo iliyonse kapena chodabwitsa. mawu alibe kotheratu, koma zimatengera umunthu wake anaikapo mu izo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene chiweruzo amatanthauza malonjezano, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "pamene khansa pa phiri svisnet", kutanthauza kuti munthu wa mawu ake sationanso.

Proverb konse akulalikira. Ntchito yake - kutengerapo tanthauzo ndi zambiri zosangalatsa yeniyeni mawu. Mukhoza Mwachitsanzo, kunena "Iye anali ataledzera", koma mawu akuti "zilibe kumumanga bast" amanena bwino mlingo wa kuledzera.

Kodi kufotokoza mfundo miyambi V. I. Dal ndi "mawu ophiphiritsa, mawu wonyenga powaweruza chodabwitsa kapena chinthu."

Zikamera wa miyambi ndi mawu

Ngati miyambi, miyambi, ndi mawu - chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zimene zinachitikira anthu ambiri. mapangidwe awo anayamba ndi zikamera wa chinenero. Mwachitsanzo, za choyamba miyambi Russian otchulidwa "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" Nestor ya mbiri. Limachita mapangidwe Kievan Lazaro nthawi ya kulengedwa kwa dziko mpaka 1117 BC. e.

Mwachitsanzo, pali mizere motere: "Ndipo pali mawu mu Russia lero - anafa obry". Ndi mmene fuko Dulebs kuwononga oponderezawo obrov: "Palibe iwo ngakhale fuko kapena ana." Mwambi umenewu ntchito pamene imfa ya banja lonse.

Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 9 mu Kievan Lazaro ntchito mawu akuti, wochokera ku chikunja Asilavo nthawi kapena zimafalitsa nkhani zochitika m'mbiri komanso mamembala awo omwe odziwika bwino lero. Mwachitsanzo, kunena kuti "mayi yonyowa pokonza lapansi" (Amitundu anauzira authunthu), kunena kuti "nkhandwe ali ndi chizolowezi gululo nkhosa NDIDZAKHALA nkhosa zonse" (titero drevlyans wa Prince Igor, hodivshem kwa maulendo angapo a nkhondo).

miyambi yambiri anaiunjika mu masiku a serfdom panopa zilibe tanthauzo wapachiyambi, koma analandira tanthauzo latsopano. Mwachitsanzo, "Pano ziri kwa inu, Agogo aakazi, ndi Tsiku St. George!" Iwo amati, pamene ziyembekezo si anakumana. Mtengo poyamba zinali chifukwa chakuti tsiku lina kwa chaka (St. George), serf anali kupita kwa mbuye wina. Mwa lamulo Borisa Godunova ufulu umenewu linathetsedwa, ndipo onse yamalinga mizu kumbuyo makamu awo.

mtundu polemba chinenero, monga masamu, kwambiri nkhani zokhudza pafupifupi zochitika zonse za chilengedwe ndi malo a miyoyo ya anthu.

Mitu ndi mitundu ya mikuluwiko wowerengeka

mikuluwiko Russian wowerengeka lero akhoza wachinsinsi mu mitundu yambiri. Njirazi ndi monga:

• zophiphiritsa - "Pakuti nkhalango mdima swans awiri kuvina" (ndolo).
• Kufotokozera - "yekha kwa inchi, ndi mutu ndi mphika" (samovar).
• Funso - "Kodi mu dziko lokoma onse?" (maloto).
• nthabwala - "Kodi ndi chilumba amalankhula za kukula kwake" (Yamal).
• ndi manambala - "6 mapazi, 2 mitu ndi 1 mchira" (pa mahatchi).

Mikuluwiko anthu akhoza kugawidwa mu nkhani zotsatirazi:

• "Munthu";
• "Natural chodabwitsa";
• "House, kanyumba";
• "Wild ndi ziweto";
• "Yard";
• "Tizilombo";
• "Garden, khitchini m'munda";
• "Mtsinje madzi";
• "Forest";
• "Field, dambo";
• "Kulengezedwa, ntchito";
• "Mbalame";
• "Otchulidwa Fairy-nthano";
• "Sky".

Ndipotu anthu akhoza kukhala wamkulu kwambiri. M'mayiko onse a dziko ndi masamu zawo, mwachitsanzo, mu zopereka Europe zikudziwika, analipo zaka 1,000. Izi kwenikweni ndi imodzi mwa Mitundu wamkulu zolembalemba.

Masamu ana za chikhalidwe

Wotchuka kwambiri Russian wowerengeka mikuluwiko ana wodzipereka kwa chikhalidwe ndi munthu. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa anthu akhala anaona anthu wozungulira iwo, ndi kudziwa kumvetsetsa zochitika zonse zikuchitika padziko ndi khalidwe la anthu ena.

Anthu ambiri akale mu masiku akale anali kuphunzitsa achinyamata nzeru za chidziko ndi chidziwitso cha dziko. The chida yabwino imeneyi kuposa masamu anthu kwa ana, iwo sanali pa nthawi imeneyo. Intuitively, anthu anazindikira: kupatsa ana malingaliro ntchito zovuta motero kuwapanga iwo kukhala tcheru ndi savvy. Kutacha maganizo a kulenga, ndi ana amakhala atagonjetsa mu akamanena za zochitika zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo:

• "The imvi agogo pa zipata za maso onse Zavoloka" - limasonyeza mtundu wa chifunga.
• "NAC-akuda rocker Anapachikidwa pa mtsinje" - limatisonyeza mawonekedwe a utawaleza.

• "Ngakhale matalala ndi motowu, ndipo pamene amachoka, misozi kuthira" (yozizira) - chisanu kusungunula ayezi ndi chuma.

Mu njira iyi, akulu anaphunzitsa ana kulabadira makhalidwe a lililonse chodabwitsa munthu ndi zimaonetsa izo.

Masamu ana a anthu

Penyetsetsani analinso khalidwe la ozungulira anthu Russian wamba. Mafanizo inferences zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku, makolo athu analenga chithunzi otchuka. Ndi mayankho pambuyo pake lofalitsidwa kusonkhanitsa ana mwa kufalitsa nzeru za mibadwo ku madera osiyana a dziko kunja.

Masamu wodzipereka kwa anthu okhudzidwa maonekedwe awo ndi chikhalidwe, ndi moyo. Mwachitsanzo:

• "Kwa iwe, ndi anthu azisangalala" (dzina munthu).
• "Kodi mtundu wa chakudya kwambiri zidzafunidwe?" (Pakamwa).

• "Kodi mukufuna - simungathe kugula zimene si kofunika, osati kugulitsa" (kwambiri, koma palibe ndalama zilakolako za unyamata, ndipo alibe chikhumbo mu ukalamba).

Kuti mbadwo akulu a ana analembetsa masiku akale kudziwa okha ndi umunthu wawo. Masiku ano, buku "zinsinsi za anthu Russian» (ndi mayankho) ndi chimodzimodzi amakonda kuposa mwambo m'kamwa mwa anzawo masiku akale.

Mikuluwiko zongopeka wowerengeka

Nthano - mmodzi wa mitundu ankakonda zinthu wowerengeka ana. kuzizwa awo nkhani zopeka wafunsira mutu wina - amene ana- nkhani Folk. Lero, mungapeze options anadzipereka kuti ngwazi onse Russian ndi achilendo kumeneko.

Iwo conventionally kugawidwa ndi zaka:

• Kwa ana aang'ono - ngwazi za nthano monga "The malo", "gingerbread Man" ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo: "Mu pang'ono munda nyumba, adapezamo pogona okhala nkhalango ndi moyo pamodzi: kalulu, nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi norushka yekha akuchita wosweka ..." ( "Tower").
• Ana akulu a sukulu ndi sukulu zaka - ngwazi za nthano "Atsekwe-swans", "The Snow Buthu", "Chule Mfumukazi" ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo: "Mtsikanayu ndi mantha dzuwa ndi kutentha, chifukwa cha chisanu anamveketsa" (Snow Buthu).

Today mu wosamalira chikufotokoza zambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chitukuko cha maganizo a kulenga a ana, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mophiphiritsa wowerengeka ndi mayankho (a ana).

Folk matsenga mu dziko lamakono

Tikayang'ana chakuti zamaganizo mwana kunena Impact zabwino pa zomwe mikuluwiko maganizo ndi malingaliro, mtundu uwu wa luso wowerengeka nthawi zonse ankafuna. Lero mungapeze osati anthu, komanso masamu wolemba amene ali zambiri yosayenera kwa ana ano ndi lingaliro lawo la dziko ndi buku otchuka. Mwachitsanzo, "Munthu mafuta amakhala pa denga ndi zouluka pamwamba onse" (Carlson).