Gawo, kufanizitsa ndi makhalidwe criminological ya wopalamulayo

Milandu imatengedwa kuti ndi sayansi wachinyamata wa upandu ndi mmene kulimbana izo. Popanda kudziwa za chilango chimene sangathe kugwira miyeso yabwino am'manga anthu amene achita zochita oletsedwa. Monga mmodzi wa zigawo zikuluzikulu za sayansi waima makhalidwe criminological ya wopalamulayo. Amaona kuti chinthu chachikulu mu ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi Kuwulura kuyan'anila za lamulo. Tiyeni tione zina zomwe zingachititse makhalidwe criminological, gulu ndi kufanizitsa wa munthu adaniwo.

Kulankhulana ndi zinthu zina za chilango

Criminological makhalidwe a munthu watilakwira, ndi chitsanzo cha tikambirana pansipa, amalola kupeza mavuto ena zokhudza zimayambitsa upandu komanso njira kusankha kulimbana zinthu zophwanya malamulo. Determinants - Zinthu - zochita zokhudzana ndi zochitika cholinga chikhalidwe okhudza makhalidwe wene. Iwo akuwonetseredwa mu sakonda, maganizo individualistic, maganizo ndi makhalidwe amene amapanga maziko a makhalidwe chigawenga. Komano, ndi determinants kugwirizana ndi mavuto zimathandiza kuti kukhazikitsa maganizo mu kachitidwe makamaka. Koyamba, mfundo zimenezi ndiponso zochitika Musati muzidalira pa munthu amene sanachite oletsedwa, ndi kumachita ngati zinthu zina za izo. Komabe, phindu criminogenic amalandira mu njira ya mapangidwe umunthu zigawenga lapansi. Chifukwa, akusinthika mu determinants mkati.

Kudziwa wolakwayo: lingaliro ndi makhalidwe criminological

Nkhani za tanthauzo kumaphatikizapo udindo sociological wa munthu ndi yodalirika mbali yake. M'nkhaniyi, vuto la wolakwayo azilankhula pamaso pa chiphunzitso ambiri chikhalidwe cha munthu. tanthauzo limeneli, nawonso, Chili mbali ziwiri: chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Ngati tikambirana maganizo oti "adzadziwire", izo inextricably zogwirizana ndi socialization. Izi, makamaka, abwera kwa makhalidwe a m'dera anthu. Nawonso, zokhudzana ndi zinthu za mdziko mumtima mwake, mmene nzeru zake. makhalidwe Criminological ya ule akhadawisa munthu wapatsidwa malinga ndi malamulo khalidwe wrongful wa munthu, akuphwanya malamulo ngati gulu chodabwitsa. Studies imvera chizindikiritso cha zinthu ndi chitukuko cha malangizo umboni ofotokoza kusankha njira kulimbana chiwawa.

Chifukwa chakuti chikhazikitso kuti underpin makhalidwe criminological ya wopalamulayo - mbali chigawenga malamulo ndi chikhalidwe cha moyo, kuphunzira ukusonyeza chokhumudwitsa yekha lathu sakonda. Komabe, si zidzaululika kwathunthu akamanena zonse zokhudza mchitidwe n'kosaloleka. Criminological makhalidwe Pawokha akatswiri a wolakwayo zimatheka ndi zikhumbo zonse kusiyanitsa iye monga payekha. N'chifukwa chake chiŵerengero cha kuchotsedwa makhalidwe chikhalidwe zabwino ndi zoipa adzalola kuti tiziona kwathunthu anthu amene amachita zinthu mopanda chilolezo. Criminological makhalidwe ya ule akhadawisa munthu akuganizira dongosolo zina za makhalidwe ndi maganizo maganizo, zikhulupiriro, maganizo, makhalidwe. Zimasonyezanso zovuta volitional, maganizo ndi ozindikira makhalidwe. Makhalidwe ndi maganizo makhalidwe ndi akulumikizana ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe cha munthu. Choncho, adzadziwire lobadwa la tiyenera mgwirizanowu.

terminology

Kudziwa wolakwayo ndi ya maubwenzi chikhalidwe kwambiri, mabwenzi, makhalidwe ndi zinthu zomwe munthu wina anakumana waphwanya lamulo, molumikizana ndi zinthu zina (sanali munthu) ndi zinthu zimene zimakhudza khalidwe chigawenga. Pali funso zomveka. Amakhala otsatirawa: pamene tingalankhule za munthu mu nkhani wachifwamba, ndi nthawi mwayi sukukhalakonso, ndiko kuti, mbali iliyonse ya izo zikuchitika? Poyankha funso limeneli, tiyenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo.

munthawi

Lingaliro Pawokha zachokera criminological, sociological ndi zigawenga anatsatira malamulo. Zikatero iwo amayamba kukhala mu kuzindikira vuto anthu zimatha mpaka kukhwima otsimikiza. Makonzedwe amenewa n'kofunika, monga timatha ufulu kukhazikitsa kukula ndi malangizo a kafukufuku umunthu chigawenga. Komanso, ikufotokoza makhalidwe amenewo, amene anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri kukwaniritsidwa kwa zochita zake oletsedwa. makhalidwe Criminological ya ule akhadawisa mmodzi inextricably zogwirizana ndi kuphwanya lapansi. Komabe, akatswiri chidwi kwambiri mu ndondomeko ya mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha munthu, kuwulula determinants la mapangidwe munthu. chidwi Izi sukukhalakonso nthawi imene munthu amathera kukhala odana ndi chikhalidwe zochokera. Tidziwanso kuti mbali odana ndi chikhalidwe, pa maziko a lopatsidwa makhalidwe criminological ya wopalamulayo, kumeneko pamaso sanachite lamulo ndipo amachita. Koma kuzindikira ina wopalamulayo munthu amaloledwa pokhapokha ndi chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake oletsedwa.

mbali Ofunika

Opalamula kufufuza zigawenga mwa zinthu imene Kuwulura zinthu zawo sanali okwanira mu mawu a okwana sayansi ambiri za anthu ndi munthu. Mbali imeneyi ndi chifukwa njira ndi phunziro la. Pamaso opalamula ntchito yomasulira makhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, amene adzapeza kubwera ku mbali chigawenga muyezo ndi mabwenzi causal. Pakuti mozama kusanthula akatswiri kutembenukira ku nkhani zina anthu. Pakuti chigawenga umunthu makhalidwe khalidwe mbali dongosolo, zimaonetsa. akonzedwa Izi imalongosola ndi iye amene sanachite oletsedwa. Zizindikiro Common monga:

• Age.
• Paulo.
• ndine wapamwamba.
• Maphunziro.
• Ntchito.
• Ntchito chikhalidwe ndi zina zotero.

Komanso kusiyanitsa zinthu zenizeni. Amaonetsa mlingo ndi chikhalidwe chowopsya cha anthu a zigawenga lapansi. Akatswiri zoweta nawo ndi zizindikiro zonse za magulu otsatirawa:

• zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo komanso udindo.
• malamulo a boma.
• Umoyo-zaziwerengero.
• Makhalidwe ndi m'maganizo.

makhalidwe umoyo-zaziwerengero

Mwa iwo okha, alibe phindu criminological. Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga jenda, zaka, mtundu, malo okhala ndi kubadwa, ndi ena. Malipoti zowerengera pa anthu omwe ali ndi milandu anachita zinthu zonsezi mfundo zamtengo wapatali kwambiri, popanda zomwe ophwanya mapangidwe ndi chosakwanira. Choncho, anapatsidwa jenda, Ndizachidziwikire kuti zochita oletsedwa yodziwika ndi amuna wamkulu. Izi ndi zofunika pamene kupanga makhalidwe criminological wa perpetrators munthu wa ziwawa.

zaka

Iye ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri. Malinga ntchito izo akufotokozera anthu anapatsidwa. Criminological makhalidwe a munthu watilakwira zaumbanda adzakhala nako kusiyana kwambiri ku malongosoledwe a makhalidwe a olakwa achikulire. Choncho, poyamba, monga ulamuliro, yodziwika ndi kukhumudwa lachibadwa. Achinyamata ambiri samasankha kukonzekera pasadakhale si akukonzekera kuchita wrongful. Criminological makhalidwe a munthu watilakwira zaumbanda zikuphatikizapo zokhudza mgwirizano mu banja, sukulu, mu bwalo ndi anzawo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kudziwa akuwakayikira bwino. zochita oletsedwa m'posavuta kuti anthu amene amakhala mu mabanja ovutika, ndi sukulu otsika, chibwenzi ndi zigawenga achikulire.

Cha anthu achikulire amakonda makhalidwe osiyana. Chofunika kwambiri ndi Kutalika kwa nthawi imene munthu amakhala kotentha. Criminological makhalidwe a zigawenga munthu wachiwawa ndipo hooligans limasonyeza kupanda ana aang'ono. mapeto ino pa zotsatira za kuwunika kwa khalidwe la anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. M'madera a HP wamng'ono olakwa chinkhoswe akatswiri yoyenera. Amaphunzira makhalidwe awo mu sukulu ndi kunyumba, awulule zochita oletsedwa, amakopeka ndi udindo wa makolo. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito limapereka zotsatira zakanthawi. Kenako, kuchokera ophwanya ngati kukula anthu chikhalidwe oopsa.

makhalidwe abwino

Criminological makhalidwe a umunthu chiwawa chigawenga limasonyeza pakalibe munthu aliyense makhalidwe abwino, maganizo, zikhulupiriro worldview. Izi zimathandiza kuti kumva okha udindo zimenezi kapena zina. Kufufuza kwa munthu, akatswiri kulabadira umembala wake mu gulu linalake chikhalidwe, maubwenzi ndi anthu ena muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo, udindo ndi ulemu ntchito yake nzika ndi munthu.

ntchito chikhalidwe

Criminological makhalidwe a aganyu umunthu chigawenga akuganizira udindo wake chikhalidwe ndi gulu. Poyamba anthu amenewa imani yaing'ono kapena maudindo kukula sing'anga, kuzipatsa motalika kokwanira kuchita zinthu zophwanya malamulo kubisika. Chosowa ndalama akukankhira anthu ambiri kuchita oletsedwa. Iwo kuganizira kuti pali njira zambiri zomveka kukwaniritsa bwino, ndipo musankhe yophweka. Kamodzi vuto yapadera, ambiri sangathe mwabwinobwino ganizilani zinthu. Iwo zingawathandize maganizo popanda kuganizira zimene zimachitikira. Criminological makhalidwe a umunthu osasamalira wopalamulayo zambiri umanyezimiritsa basi zikatero. Ndipotu, kukhala omvera malamulo nzika, munthu zikuonetsa, ngati zikuoneka kuti zinthu kutsutsana ndi lamulo. Chifukwa, izo masamba ambiri njinga, osati amaganizira izo, ndipo ngati mukufuna, mudzaona kuphonya mwatsatanetsatane, amene kenako kutsogolera kwa iye.

nkhani yapadera

Mwatsoka, masiku ano pali analakwira ufulu. Iwo Musanyalanyaze anthu pa TV, koma nthawi pali nkhani mofulumira kwa nzika zonse. Criminological makhalidwe ya ule akhadawisa munthu kugulitsidwa ndi zovuta kwambiri ndi kulingaliranso mbali zambiri za khalidwe la munthu. Ulibe osati abwino ndi za chikumbumtima, mfundo, komanso umunthu. Anthu oterowo safuna kuvutitsa akuvutika ndi manja ake, koma mosavuta tiyeni anzawo kuwombola malipiro ndithu.

Criminological makhalidwe ya ule akhadawisa payekha: Zitsanzo Kufotokozera

Analysis anthu ambiri inamangidwa ndi zapansi 2. Ndi khalidwe la zigawenga lathu odana ndi chikhalidwe anawagawa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Pakuti ndewu ndi kupanda ulemu kwa munthu ndi ubwino zofunika kwambiri (chikumbumtima, ulemu, thanzi).
• Ndi zolinga zadyera odzikonda, amene amagwirizana ndi kunyalanyaza mfundo za ntchito woonamtima ndi chilungamo chikhalidwe.
• Malinga ndi individualistic, chisokonezo chotere poyerekezera ndi mabungwe anthu, banja, ofesi, ntchito za boma.
• Ndi kukhalapo kwa maganizo sagwira bwino kukhazikitsa malamulo osiyanasiyana chitetezo, amene kumaonekera mu milandu chosasamala.

Muyeso chachiwiri amasonyeza mozama ndiponso khama asociality payekha. Malinga ndi iye pali:

1. Series-criminogenic maonekedwe. Oterewa kuchitikanso mu m'malo amene nthawi akhala kuyan'anila za malamulo abwino ndi malamulo. Pa mfundo imeneyi, Amaphika makhalidwe criminological ya wopalamulayo. Mwachitsanzo zinthu abwino oletsedwa kuchita mwachangu kwaiye munthu. Kukhumudwa ndi zotsatira zake za chikhalidwe, ndi nzika mwachizolowezi. Iwo amayamba ndi kulimbikira odana ndi chikhalidwe maganizo, lathu ndi maganizo.
2. Situational criminogenic maonekedwe. Iwo amakhala ndi kuphwanya malamulo a makhalidwe ndi zolakwa zazing'ono. Izo zikhoza kuwoneka ngati makhalidwe izi criminological ya ule akhadawisa munthu? Chitsanzo: Mchitidwe oletsedwa kukuchitika chifukwa choti akumane ku malamulo, makhalidwe abwino ndi umoyo ndi zachuma mawonedwe zinthu. Pakuti kuphwanya mutu akudyetsedwa microenvironment ake ndi njira sakonda wa moyo, akale kale.
3. view Situational. gulu monga umunthu, yodziwika ndi zinthu wofatsa zoipa khalidwe. nkhani ali pa mulandu mchikakamizo kuti zimene zayamba osati kudzera chilichonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo oterewa akhoza kulungamitsa wina ndi khalidwe lawo kapena sindikudziwa za njira malamulo kuthetsa choncho. Mtundu zambiri nzika amene zonse zoipa.

maganizo chithunzi

Malinga ndi mfundo za perpetrators ndi kusanthula Western zimatulutsa 7 magawo a makhalidwe mapangidwe:

1. Kufufuza kuchita n'kosaloleka.
2. A kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za makhalidwe enieni a upandu powonekera.
3. Kufufuza wovulalayo.
4. Kuphunzira malipoti apolisi.
5. Phunziro mapeto a amayesa zachipatala.
6. Kukula kwa mbiri ya akuganiza lapansi.
7. Mapangidwe njira ya investigative.

Zilinso mwa chizolowezi

mtembo mu kwambiri wopanda anapezeka. Away mamita 200 panja pa mpanda anapeza nsanza ankangodzigwera, limene limafotokoza za magazi anapezeka. Kufufuza anakhazikitsa kuti upandu powonekera - lina bwinja lokhalokha, kumene mtembo anapezeka. Magazi pa nsalu wa akufa. Pamene wakupha amachita kukhazikitsanso akatswiri adafotokoza kuti kubisa zizindikiro za lobadwa wokonzeka kuononga kuda wamagazi. Pa ichi iye ntchito nsalu. Malinga ndi peculiarities wa zinthu (Zovala za ochitiridwayo, matope madzi, udzu, mchenga, amene akanatha kukhala ndi njira zina za zolinga za), komanso njira atypical chiwonongeko cha umboni, tinganene za zifukwa zotheka kusankha zochita. Chakumapeto, mungamvetse zikuchokera yeniyeni. Iye ndi amene mumasangalala, mosayenera yaitali kupukuta chiguduli manja. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali mabuku a chizindikiro cha akuganiza lapansi. Makamaka, pa njira zochita zake akatswiri. Ofufuza amanena kuti ntchito yake chokhudzana ndi mafuta ndi lubricating kapena Amaipitsanso zakuthupi, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda magolovesi wapadera zozitetezera. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku mwina njira kuchotsa zosafunika m'manja mwa kumbali, zikuoneka nsanza. Pamaziko a anapezazo awa anali kwambiri mwapang'ono akuwakayikira ndi ntchito (plumber makina ndi zina zotero.).

zochita munthu

zifukwa zimene kuwafotokoza zokhudza limagwirira kubisa zofooka wolakwa. gulu zochita munthu akhoza zimachitika yodzibisa:

• Mme- zochita pamalo.
• Mfundo za upandu.
• Malo chochitika zinachitika, ndi zina zotero. D.

Masking adzachitanso ndikuchita masewero. Pankhaniyi, ofufuzawo amafunika kudziwa ngati munthu wosankhidwa kukhala wolakwa ali ndi zotsatira za chivundikiro. Ngati pali zifukwa zoganizira izi, ndiye kuti wolakwirayo anali wogwirizana ndi wogwidwa, malo a ngozi kapena zochitika zake. Mwinamwake, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zinthu izi kudzakhazikitsidwa.

Pomaliza

Monga momwe tingaphunzire kuchokera kumaphunzirowa, kufufuzidwa kwa umunthu wa chigawenga kumakhala ndi chidziwitso cha sayansi komanso chofunikira. Kusanthula kwapadera kwa munthuyo sikuyenera kukhala kokha kumudziwika kwa makhalidwe ake, kawirikawiri kumangotanthauzira kwambiri nkhaniyo. Phunziroli liyenera kuchitika poganizira zovuta zambiri. Izi zidzakhala chitsimikiziro cha kufufuza kwathunthu ndi kufufuza mokwanira kwa chitukuko cha yemwe akulakwirayo. Izi, ndizofunikira pakugwiritsira ntchito njira zoyenera zothetsera kukonza ndi kupewa zinthu zatsopano zoletsedwa. Mwachizoloŵezi, sikuti nthawi zambiri zochitika zimachitika, koma nthawi zonse. Izi zimakhala zotsatira zomveka za chikhalidwe cha anthu. Chifukwa cha kalembedwe kodziwika, kudziŵa za ophwanya malamulo akuwonjezeka kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuthetsa ntchito zofunikira zokhudzana ndi kuphwanya upandu, kuonjezera mphamvu yothandizira aliyense wolakwira, komanso kubwezeretsa ufulu wa olakwa.