GAZ 63 - Soviet galimoto. History, maonekedwe, specifications,

GAZ amadziwika magalimoto ake. Ndale mwakuwoneka, kumbuyo-gudumu pagalimoto GAZ 51 anakhala nthano ya makampani zoweta galimoto. Otha pagalimoto GAZ 63 undeservedly anakhalabe kukumbukira mafani yekha, koma olemba mbiri salankhula chidwi.

Mbiri ya kulenga

Wotchuka lorry GAZ-AA galimoto anali kokha mu khumi zapitazo nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Izo ndi lothandiza mwamakhalidwe ndi mwaukadaulo, ndipo amafuna m'malo. Army kupeza galimoto gudumu pagalimoto zonse mtunda.

Kumayambiriro 1938, pa Gorky galimoto Bzalani iwo. Molotov wayamba ntchito pa chilengedwe cha mndandanda wa magalimoto anafuna mavuto msewu. Thuu ndi atatu chitsulo chogwira matayala onse-gudumu galimoto galimoto galimotoyo ankasiyana makamaka zapansi m'litali.

Woyamba m'banja otha galimoto galimoto GAZ 63 anayamba mbiri yake mu April 1938. Patapita chaka chimodzi, a prototypes woyamba zinamangidwa, limene kale linkatchedwa GAZ 62. Iwo anakhazikitsa injini modernized ku lorry GAZ-MM mphamvu malita 50. a. Zashuga galimoto ntchito ndi GAZ-415, ndi galimotoyo anayamba mwachindunji chitsanzo ichi.

mbali Design

Development wa kanyumba kapangidwe yatsopano sanachite. Ntchito yaikulu inali kulenga zonse mtunda galimoto, kotero kutsindika anaikidwa pa galimotoyo.

A makonzedwe mwapadera - injini inali pamwamba pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsogolo - chinathandiza ndi kucheperachepera m'munsi kutalika kuonjezera mphamvu.

Choyamba gudumu umodzi anakhala ndi kutsogolo chomwecho ndi kumbuyo njirayo, iwo anali kutsogolera, mafuta chuma kwa galimoto kutsogolo-gudumu akhoza wolemala. Matabwa mawilo kumbuyo kuti mchenga ndi matope amakakamizidwa kuti mukulitse kufufuza kumabweretsa mowa owonjezera mphamvu. Choka mlandu choikidwacho kuti kutalika kwa migodi tinakwera ndi kutsogolo ndi chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo anali ofanana. Yozungulira kuyimitsidwa mawilo yonse inali pa theka-dzira tsamba akasupe ndi kutsogolo nachobe awiri wotenga hayidiroliki absorbers mantha. Hayidiroliki anakhala handbrake actuator.

Kumayambiriro 1943, galimoto anasintha cockpit ndi injini. Ndi kanyumba ku "Studebaker" Iye chinakhalapo mpaka mapeto a kongoletsani-pangano.

Iwo anayambanso kupanga galimoto iyi mu 1948 ndi kanyumba wa GAZ 51. Makulidwe GAZ 63 atsopano chimake munamutcha 5525 × 2200 × 2245 mm.

zida za nkhondo pa tsinde la makina

Mu October 1943 pa Gorky galimoto Bzalani chinayamba ndi matayala kudziletsa injini mfuti ndi Cannon likungosonyeza 76 mm. Ndi May 1944, buku loyamba linatulutsidwa. Pa mbali zonse za mfuti anali mpando wa dalaivala ndi mkulu-gunner. Zipolopolo inkakhala zipolopolo makumi asanu ndi atatu. Ndinkayesetsa galimoto ili kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Limodzi ndi chitsanzo chitukuko cha galimoto pa maziko ake kuwala ziwiri chitsulo chogwira matayala oti muli nazo zida galimoto anayamba kupanga mu 1947 ndi monocoque thupi linkadziwika BTR-40. APC linapangidwa kuti paratroopers eyiti. Wheelbase utachepa 600 mm, mphamvu injini anamuukitsa kwa malita 81. c., adakula malire kumtunda kwa kasinthasintha pafupipafupi ndi nsembe durability imeneyo zida za nkhondo kanthu.

Iwo anali atakonzekera ndi mfuti ya makina BTR Goryunova kachitidwe, zipolopolo imene inali 1 260 makatiriji. Mfuti makina akhoza wokwera pa mbali ya mmodzi wa m'mabokosi anayi. Pa m'mabokosi chimodzimodzi anaika makina mfuti DP, amene anali paratroopers zida. Kusinthidwa wa BTR-40A anali zokuzira ndi mapasa makina katundu mfuti KVPT. Mu 1993, ndi oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira achoka utumiki.

Pa galimotoyo GAZ 63 analengedwa mu 1950 ndi gulu lankhondo roketi zida zankhondo BM 14 "Katyusha".

kuŵeta

Chiyambireni cha chaka cha 1948 anayamba kuŵeta wa GAZ 63. Makhalidwe ndi nthawi bwinobwino anatsimikizira mayesero boma, imene kugonjetsa auka kwa 30 °, ndime ali ku 0,9 mamita ndi ngalande kuti 0,76 mamita kuya. Kumwa mafuta yotsika mtengo A-66 ranged ku malita 25 29 pa 100 Km, katundu pamsewu ndi - 2.0 m, pa msewu wafumbi - 1.5 m.

A vuto lalikulu la galimoto zakhala osakhalitsa mu mkulu-liwiro cornering. Chilolezo anali 270 mamilimita ndi njanji yopapatiza, izo kumawonjezera permeability a galimoto, koma kuwonjezeka chifukwa mu msinkhu ndi rollover cornering komanso mapiri. Zimenezi zinali zoona makamaka pa mkulu malonda GAZ 63, monga Vans kapena akasinja.

M'chaka cha 1968 linatulutsidwa otsiriza galimoto kupanga. Pakuti nthawi zonse 474 zikwi. Cars wa zosintha osiyana zinalembedwa. Iwo zimagulitsidwa ku mayiko zokomera, Finland, ku Middle East, Asia ndi Africa.

zogulitsa kunja

The GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia ndi Yugoslavia ku Eastern Europe, Vietnam, Korea North, Laos ndi Mongolia ku Asia, Cuba, Africa - boma, lomwe amapereka gasi 63. Price katundu magalimoto anali otsika. Zida aziwapatsa mwa thandizo fraternal wa mayiko wochezeka.

Lina atati aperekedwe osati zofunika chitsanzo otha galimoto galimoto GAZ 63 ndi 63A, 63P komanso kusinthidwa ake mu katundu ndi Mabaibulo otentha, magalimoto isagwe zida 63E, mabasi pa galimotoyo ili ndi zitsanzo zina.

Komanso, mu Korea North kuyambira 1961 pansi pa chizindikiro dzina Sungri-61 Sungri-61NA ndi China kuyambira 1965 pansi mtundu Yuejin NJ230 ndi NJ230A anapanga ndi magalimoto Soviet chilolezo pamaziko a makina.

Ankhondo ku Korea North Soviet asilikali galimoto galimoto gudumu anasonyeza kuti weniweni kumenyana makina ndi kum'patsa kuzindikira usilikali.

galimoto asilikali

Isanafike 1950, galimoto kanyumba anali mtengo, ndiye zitsulo ndi matabwa zitseko, ndi kuyambira 1956 - ndi zitsulo onse. Zinali yochepetsetsa ndi ozizira, chotenthetsera kapangidwe yekha anaonekera mu 1952, ngakhale kuti chisanadze kuyamba progrevateli anaika mu magalimoto ndi chiyambi cha ulimi.

Kagwiritsidwe nsanja ndi mkulu latticed thabwa kulumikizidwa kotenga mbali okonzeka ndi mabenchi kwa yonyamula msilikali. Anakhala m'mbali mwa galimotolo anali zofewa. Otetezedwa ku awning nyengo kuti anatambasula pa arcs anayi wokwera pa mipando yapadera. Galimoto kutalika kwa hema anali 2810 mm.

Iwo timapitiriza magwiridwe a galimoto ndi kuti iye akanakhoza chingwe chabwazi nyumba onyamula mphamvu matani awiri.

Army offroad galimoto GAZ 63 ankagwiritsa ntchito yonyamula ogwira, towing zipangizo, kwa unsembe wa mayunitsi nkhondo.

zosintha SUV

zosintha Major kuchokera msewu galimoto panali awiri okha.

Limodzi ndi chitsanzo m'munsi opangidwa ndi kusinthidwa wa winch kumapeto kutsogolo kwa elongated chimango GAZ 63A chifukwa chololera chisamaliro ndi magalimoto ena mavuto msewu. The winch ndi chingwe kutalika 65 mamita yosonkhezera tinakwera kutsinde kudzera mphamvu kudzachitika-kuchokera HIV ndi galimoto mphamvu anayamba mpaka 4.5 m. Zithetsedwe kulemera kwa galimoto 240 makilogalamu oposa chitsanzo zofunika.

Mu 1958, galimoto GAZ-63P, anamasulidwa slippage gudumu ntchito ndi uniaxial semitrailer katundu mphamvu matani inayi. Magudumu kumbuyo kwa thalakitala akhala matabwa. Ndipo chaka chamawa, mbewu anayamba kufalitsa galimoto thalakitala GAZ-63D. Mu mamangidwe ake mosiyana zosintha yapita m'gulu PTO gearbox ndi linanena bungwe makina poyendetsa kapangidwe tipper limagwirira semitrailer.

magalimoto Special zochokera SUV

magalimoto mafuta, magalimoto mafuta, akasinja mkaka, Vans, mosungira m'manja, madokotala ndi akavalo, disinfection unsembe, makina wononga-ozungulira kupita pa maziko a GAZ 63. Firefighter galimoto mauthenga ndi kuyatsa, thanki anamasulidwa zosintha angapo Vargashinsky mbewu moto kumenyana zida. Ndodo thumba ndi moto magalimoto zinalembedwa pa Moscow mbewu injini moto.

Zankhondo, kuwonjezera zitsanzo zazikulu, madokotala ndi akavalo, isagwe kugwirizana ofunda ndi zolimba makina opangidwa disinfection ndi yamvumbi DDA-53A kwa sanitization m'munda wa ogwira, disinfection ndi disinfestation zovala ndi zipangizo. Unsembe nthunzi kukatentha aziwapatsa mafuta madzi kapena matabwa, mmene kuthamanga opaleshoni anali mumlengalenga anayi, kukatentha-accumulator, mpope dzanja, paroelevatorom, ulamuliro zida, ndi ziwiri disinfection zipinda ndi yamvumbi ndi khumi zowonetsera shawa.

makhalidwe luso

Popeza mbewu pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo analenga asilikali galimoto wamba GAZ 51, ambiri a mayunitsi ndi mfundo anali ogwirizana, amene amaloledwa pa nthawi kusonkhanitsa makina amenewa mzere umodzi msonkhano, potero kuchepetsa ndalama ndi zinthu zochepa khamu ntchito.

Engine asilikali SUV anaika ndi gasi, 51-sikisi Carburetor nizhneklapannym buku la 3.5 zikwi. Cu. cm. Kagulu mphamvu okwanira 70 L. a. ndi liwiro 65 Km / h kulipidwa malo katundu zonse popanda refueling 780 Km.

Awiri mafuta akasinja, chachikulu ndi boma, anapatsidwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi pafupifupi 200 malita a mafuta. GAZ 63 (dizilo) anaonekera embodiments zosiyanasiyana ndi woyengeka amisiri improvised mpaka tsopano.

Kufala mu zinayi galimoto iyi, zowalamulira - wosakwatiwa-litayamba, wouma zinachitikira kutengerapo - m'njira ziwiri ndi ziboda, amene okonzeka ndi kuchepetsa osati kokha, komanso kufala mwachindunji kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mafuta pa mphambano.

GAZ 63 anali Hardy, undemanding ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, wakhala mkulu maneuverability, chifukwa makhalidwe amenewa anapangidwa kwa pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Iwo Tingaone tsopano, osati mwa mafani - ndi kusamala pa mpikisano, komanso m'misewu. mtengo wake fluctuates pa galimoto 60 450 zikwi, malingana ndi chikhalidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa mbali mbadwa ndi misonkhano.