Genrih Geyne: yonena mwachidule, chidwi mfundo ndi zilandiridwenso

Pa dziko wotchuka German ndakatulo Genrih Geyne. mbiri yake wodzazidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana kuyenda ndi chipwirikiti. Komabe, tsogolo la ndakatulo sizinali zophweka. Ambiri mwa ntchito zake pa moyo wake sanalandire kuzindikira ndi ndalama malo a Health ndi Henry anali zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri m'zaka za posachedwapa. Ngakhale zovuta anapitiriza kulenga. Masiku ano, padziko lonse amakonda ndakatulo iyi, Heinrich Heine. Wambiri ndi ntchito izo ayankhidwa wathu nkhani.

Origin, ubwana

Wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anabadwa mu Düsseldorf, 13 December, 1797 Pano pali ubwana Genrih Geyne. Wambiri ya mnyamatayu amagwirizana ndi Dusseldorf. Samson Heine, atate wake anali munthu wamalonda draper. Ndipo Betty, mayi a Calvin (chithunzi chake chili m'munsimu), anaphunzitsidwa nthawi mkazi. Iye ali ndi chidwi ndi mabuku a Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Betty wasonyeza nkhawa kwambiri ndi maphunziro a mwana wawo. Mkazi uyu si chipeneko tsogolo la Henry kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye zachitika lingaliro umodzimodzi kodi mwana wake. Iye angathe kusankha ntchito kapena onse kukhala chuma mwapang'ono. ntchito malamulo analinso njira.

Henry anali kukula, ndipo apo iye sukulu ya sekondale. M'deralo Catholic Lyceum Heine anaonekera chikondi kulambira, yodziwika ndi chimwambo ndi chofunika. Iye sanali kusiya moyo wa ndakatulo monga Heine. Wambiri ndi ntchito ya Heinrich kutsimikizira izo.

Kulankhulana ndi Simoni Geldern ndi Zefhen

Panthawi imeneyi anayamba kulankhula kwambiri ndi Simoni Geldern, amalume mayi. Anaona kuti mnyamatayo bwino anasonyeza ndingaliro kwa zaumunthu. Simon Geldern pang'onopang'ono unayamba Henry ndi ntchito za dziko mabuku. The mnyamata kuwerenga chilengedwe cha Cervantes, Swift ndi ena.

Nditakwanitsa zaka 15, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anakumana ndi Zefhen, losavuta wamba mtsikana. Nthawi yomweyo anayamba kucheza naye. Mtsikanayu kuuza zikhulupiriro zosiyana ndi nthano zinalili mu anthu osati lowonjezera analandira mabuku maphunziro Heine. Si lilibe kuti chidwi m'nthano za Henry kudzutsidwa zikomo kwa iye. Kenako, ichi chimasonyeza katswiri ndakatulo m'gulu zopereka zambiri za Heine.

nkhani zandale: mmene anatenga Genrih Geyne

Mwachidule mbiri ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi kumagwirizana ndi mavuto azandale cha zaka. Young Heine linali litadzala ndi wakutemwa pa nkhondo ndi French. Komabe, iye mofulumira utakhazikika pambuyo kugonjetsa Napoleon anapambana anachita. Ndi kubera m'chigawo Prussian wa Rhine kachiwiri analamulira wakale ang'onoang'ono-malamulo dongosolo. Kuyanjana pakathi pa Ayuda ndi magulu ena onse achipembedzo analengeza Napoleon anawonongedwa. Zonsezi zinachitika mu ndale moyo kumanzere lalikulu chizindikiro mwauzimu mapangidwe Heine, komanso mu ntchito yake. Ndakatulo anakulira Rhineland, amene ankaona mbali yabwino Germany mu ulemu wa makampani. Makolo Henry analota awo mwana anakhala ambiri Napoleon ndi asilikali, akadzagonjetsedwa Bonaparte Anayamba kuganiza za wamalonda a ntchito, ngakhale chakuti tsogolo ndakatulo sanali inayikidwa mu ulemu wa pamwamba.Anthu ziyembekezo.

Kusamukira ku Frankfurt, amakhala ku Hamburg

Samson Heine mu 1815 anapita ndi mwana wake Frankfurt. Iye ankafuna kuti pa golosala kalaliki. Komabe, Henry yochepa ankakhala mu mlengalenga silifooketsa anthu ofuna ntchito. Patapita kanthawi, iye anathawa. Ichi ndi wokwiya kwambiri mayi ake, ngakhale iye sanasiye kukhulupirira kuti mwana wake anali kuyembekezera tsogolo chuma chambiri. Anaganiza kumtumizako m'manja mwa Solomo Heine, amalume wina Henry, yemwe ankakhala ku Hamburg ndipo adali tycoon. Munthu uyu anatenga mbali mphwake wamng'ono. Henry anadza kwa amalume ake mu July 1816. Ndipo mu 1818 anali mtsogoleri wa ofesi yake pansi pa dzina la "Heinrich Heine ndi K °".

Chikondi ndi kusinkhasinkha ake ndakatulo, amene analenga Genrih Geyne

Wambiri, chidule cha ntchito ndi chidwi mfundo za ndakatulo amatipatsa ife kuzindikira wake moyo. Amadziwika kuti Hamburg, ngwazi wathu sanali kokha mu gawo ndalama. Iye anakhala mabwenzi apamtima Amalia, mwana wa Solomo. Izi mtsikana ali anamuuza kuti alembe mndandanda wa ndakatulo m'gulu kenaka "Book of Songs", lofalitsidwa mu 1827 (wosapitirira kope chili m'munsimu).

Komabe, chikondi cha Amalia sanali mangawawo. Pambuyo 3 zaka, iye anakwatira Friedlander, wotchuka ogulitsa. Heine kwambiri zovuta nkhondo mtima kuti wokhawokha iye anakana Amalia. Adapereka wake ntchito malonda sulivshee ziyembekezo zambiri.

ndakatulo Heine wa nthawi ino, komanso kulemba wake, umene unali mfundo yaikulu ya chikondi unrequited kuti Amalia, zinapatsira ndi "chikondi cha mantha" ndi maganizo zakuda. Iwo yolakwika zolinga maloto, pawiri, chikondi, imfa, etc., Kodi mmene malemu chikondi nyengo.

Kuphunzira Bonn ndi University of Göttingen

Patapita kanthawi Henry anapita ku University of Bonn, mphamvu ya Chilamulo. Izi anali kwakukulukulu kufooketsedwa ndi Betty, mayi wake. Monga wophunzira Heinrich anapezeka nkhani ndi nawo yonyansa kumwa mwauchidakwa, kuchichepetsa thanzi lake, kale ofooka. Mnyamatayo anachita chidwi mu mabuku. Kalekale anatengedwa ku yunivesite Avgust Shlegel. Ndipo Iye anaika achinyamata Heine kukoma kwa Byron, Shakespeare ndi East. Komabe, Heine sanali kukhala yaitali mu mpanda wa University of Bonn.

October 4, 1820, iye anayamba kuphunzira pa wina maphunziro bungwe - yunivesite ya Gottingen. Komabe, ndipo iye anali wokhoza chotani kwa miyezi 14 yokha. Duel a m'kalasi (kapena kani, pofuna yake) chifukwa kupatulapo Heine. Iwo anakonza kudzera ena nkhani zonyozeka.

Kupitiriza maphunziro ku University of Berlin

Genrih Geyne pa mapeto a February 1821 anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa yunivesite ya Berlin. Apa amawalamulira moyo yolembedwa. Henry amapezeka salons zosiyanasiyana zolembalemba, kamakhala yodziwa zosiyanasiyana olemba German. Mu chaka chomwecho, Henry amayamba kugulitsa ku nyuzipepala ntchito zake ndakatulo. Komabe, Heine ndakatulo osaganizira wowerenga kapena wotsutsa. Komabe, Berlin atolankhani kusindikizidwa ntchito "Ballad wa Moor", "KWAMBIRI Night", "minnesingers" ndi ena.

Mavuto ndi m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo

Inali pa izi nthawi uthenga unafika iye Amalia Heine m'banja. Ichi chinali chifukwa kuti ndakatulo anayamba nawo zosiyanasiyana mapwando ndi kumwa mwauchidakwa. Ndi mphamvu zake zonse anayesa lichotse kunyong'onyeka amene munayamba izo. Komabe, nthawi zonse analenga ndakatulo latsopano. Ndi nthawi ndi monga buku loyamba za ntchito zake. Patapita nthawi, ofalitsa nkhani kuoneka tsoka "Ratcliff", "Almanzora", komanso mndandanda wa ndakatulo lotchedwa "m'nyimbo Intermezzo". Ndiyamika chopereka, lofalitsidwa mu 1823, Heine amapeza kutchuka mabwalo zolembalemba.

maganizo Political, kusunthira Kuksgaven

Mu chaka chomwecho, komaliza mawonekedwe ndi kaonedwe andale a Henry. Akuluakulu Prussia anatengedwa angapo ufulu ndale za Ayuda. Heine akuyamba mwachangu zionetsero potsutsana Mafumu.

Latsopano ndakatulo ya Heine tinakakumana ndi kutsutsa ndithu kwambiri. Iye anaona ntchito wosakhutira achinyamata ndakatulo ndi alipo dongosolo la dziko. Heine, ali mu mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni wa mumtima, anayamba kulota zimene kusiya mu Arabia. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, iye anapita Kuksgaven, tauni yaing'ono achisangalalo. Pali Iye anayesera pang'ono kusintha umoyo wawo.

latsopano masana

Chinachake patapita nthawi anamutumiza Hamburg Genrih Geyne. Wambiri, chidwi mfundo ndi ntchito yatsopano nthawi imeneyi zakambidwa mwachidule mwa ife. Pa njira ya ndakatulo akuyendera banja lake Lüneburg. Komabe, maganizo ake ndi ankaoneka achisoni kwambiri. Kusiya Hamburg, iye anapita ku Berlin, ndipo mu January 1824, anapita ku Göttingen.

Kuyembekezera kwa mapeto a maholide, mu September 1824, wolemba ndakatulo maulendo kwa Harz. Akufuna kupita wozungulira lonse la Thuringia. Genrih Geyne kuyendera Weimar. Apa Iye anakomana ndi I. V. Gete, kalekale ndinkafuna. Mwatsoka, kulankhula naye zinali zochepa chabe msonkhano uno limodzi. Sadapenya Goethe Heinrich Heine. yonena Komabe chinali ndi ubwenzi ndi olemba ambiri otchuka ndi ojambula zithunzi. Ndi ambiri a iwo, Henry yodziwa ina.

Akamaliza maphunziro pa anayambitsa, mankhwala atsopano

Heine kasupe 1825 Movutikira kukamaomba mayeso ku yunivesite. Iye akukhala ndi dokotala wa jurisprudence gawo lachitatu. Chikadzangotha ichi, ngwazi wathu zimatengera Lutheran. Kale mu Hamburg anakumana 1826. Pali imafalitsidwa buku loyamba "zojambula msewu", komanso mkombero wa ndakatulo yakuti "Repatriation" ndi mbali yoyamba ya kuzungulira "Nyanja North". Patapita nthawi kutuluka, buku lachiwiri la "zojambula njira". Pakati pa otsutsa ndi atolankhani, Iye anatsegula kwambiri lakuthwa polemics. Kunapezeka kuti kalembedwe Heine ndi wolimba mtima ufulu. Choncho ndinaganiza zikanakhala bwino kwa kanthawi kusiya Hamburg. Iye amapita ku London. Komabe, Henry anabwerera mwachilungamo mwamsanga kufalitsa "Book of Songs". Zinali Pofuna kututira limodzi onse kale analenga ndakatulo.

Jobs mu nyuzipepala, ulendo Italy

Heine mu 1827 kupereka kukhala mkonzi wa "Political Annals," imafalitsidwa Munich. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, wolemba ndakatulo anakakhala mumzinda uno. Ndiye iye akupita pa ulendo wopita ku Italy. Mu dziko lino, iye anawapeza uthenga wa imfa Samsona Geyne, kunachitika mu Hamburg. Nditabwerera ku Italy, Henry anafalitsa buku lachitatu la "zojambula njira".

Kusamukira ku Paris, anapitiriza ntchito yolenga

Kukwera A zikuchitika Paris mu July 1830, Henry amafuna kutenga mtima wanga wonse. ntchito yake yolenga amapeza mwaunyinji pa nthawi ino. Pambuyo mwaluso atsopano a ndakatulo, buku la "New Spring" linasindikizidwa mu May 1831, Heine anasamukira ku Paris. Mu likulu French, anakumana ndi amisiri monga Berlioz, Rossini, Chopin, Liszt, Humboldt. Iye limafalitsa ntchito zake m'zinenero ziwiri: German ndi French.

Mu Paris, otsatira'wa omwe lofalitsidwa ndi ntchito yake: "Florence Mausiku", "Pa History of Religion ndi Philosophy ku Germany", "Achikondi School". Iwo anamutcha kuukira ngati kufufuza ndi kutsutsa. Heine bwalo la akumuona likulu French Komabe, wakhala likunena likukula. Henry akhale mabwenzi T. Gauthier, Alexandre Dumas Wamkulu, A. de A Vigny, A. Thierry, George Mchenga, ndi ena.

Ankadziwa Mathilde Mtendere ndi Rothschild

Mu 1835, chochitika chofunika zinachitika mu zinsinsi za Heine. yonena wake taonera kale kuzolowerana ndi mkazi wake Matilde Mira (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Komabe, ukwati ndi iye, iye anabwera yekha mu 1841. Ntchito kulumikizana Solomo, amalume ake, Henry za nthawi yomweyo anakumana ndi Rothschild. Last kachilombo ndakatulo ndi kumulakalaka ndi zongopeka malonda akhalire. Iwo Heine ntchito nthawi yake yopuma, ntchito zolembalemba, koma alephera kwambiri.

A nthawi yovuta kwambiri pa moyo wake Heine

Mu 1838 vuto la zachuma wolemba ndakatulo anakhala zoopsa. Iye ankayenera kuti atenge phindu la boma French, lomwe linaperekedwa alendo, chifukwa Henry anali mu Paris mu udindo umenewo. Komanso, Heine anachita ndi Julius Campe, French wofalitsa, angongole mgwirizano. Mu mawu ake, wofalitsa amapereka ufulu wonse kwa ntchito za Henry zaka 11. Subsidy Solomo, amalume ake, kumlingo patsogolo zinthu za Heine. yonena wake mwina osiyana ngati si kukopa ndi kuthandiza munthu ameneyo. Solomon sinathe kusamalira mphwake luso. Zofunika mavuto komanso kwambiri ntchito yolenga kwachititsa chakuti thanzi Henry sizichedwa sakuyenda. Anayamba kuzindikira Choipitsitsa, ndi lalikulu vuto kuyenda, koma sanaime ntchito. Ndakatulo "Atta yothawathawa" inatuluka mu 1842. Mu 1844 anaona amasulidwe magulu Heine a "ndakatulo Chatsopano" ndi ndakatulo analandira yotchuka kwambiri, "Germany. A Zima ndi nthano."

Last kuyenda mozungulira Paris

Hamburg posakhalitsa anafika uthenga wa imfa ya Solomo Heine. Wambiri, chidule cha ife, kuyambira pamenepo kumakhaladi moona zomvetsa chisoni. Ngakhale malonjezo yotentha Solomo anasiya mphwake tinatengera franc 8000 chokha. Izi kwambiri kuchichepetsa thanzi kale ofooka Henry. Mu May 1848, pambuyo kumwa mlingo waukulu wa bongo ndi kupweteka, amazunza iye, Heine otsiriza kukayenda kudzera Paris. Kunyumba, iye sanatero kumanzere kwake nyumba. Apa, mu ukaidi yokakamiza, kotero nthawi zambiri ankabwera ndi Alexandre Dumas, Beranger, T. Gautier ndi J. de A Nerval.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1851 anakhazikitsa lachitatu ndipo komaliza m'buku la ndakatulo lotchedwa "m'Chiarabu" Genrih Geyne. Wake yonena mu imeneyi analinso Amowabu ndi kupitiriza ntchito "Maulendo", anayamba kubwerera mu 1840, pafupifupi chaka asanamwalire Henry anapita Camille Selden, chachikulu kuonera ntchito yake. Iye anatha kudzutsa chilakolako atsopano mu mzimu wa ndakatulo kufa. Camilla, komanso Matilda, mkazi wa Heine, mpaka imfa ndakatulo ndi sanamusiye. Henry anafa pa February 17, 1856 mtembo wake ndi Montmartre manda. Teofil Gote , ndipo dzina lake Aleksandr Dyuma anali pakati pa anthu amene anatsagana ndi ndakatulo pa ulendo wake omaliza.

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amachita chidwi ndi ndakatulo zimenezi, Heinrich Heine, mbiri. Mwachidule, tinakambirana za moyo wake ndi ntchito. Kupitiriza chibwenzi amalangiza kutembenukira kwa ndakatulo wake. Ndipotu mokwanira kusonyeza makhalidwe a wolemba ndakatulo Heinrich Heine. Wambiri, mwachidule anafotokoza mwa ife, chimangooneka lingaliro kwambiri ambiri za dziko lamkati la wolemba. Pakali pano, iye wolemera kwambiri. Pachifukwa chabwino Heine yonena mu zinthu Russian wa mwathu muno, ngakhale kuti m'dziko lathu anabadwa andakatulo ambiri ndi olemba.