Vladimir Kremlin: mbiriyakale ndi kufotokoza

Vladimir Kremlin - ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri wapadera. Izi inali m'mizinda yonse yaikulu ya Russia wakale. Poyamba, iwo anali kutchedwa citadel. The chigawo chapakati cha kuthetsa wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba makoma woyamba matabwa, miyala anayamba kumanga. Iwo anali okonzeka ndi battlements ndi nsanja. Mu Lazaro wakale 'linga anali mupeze kuthetsa ankaona mzinda.

Location Kremlin Vladimir

Vladimir Kremlin poyamba anakakhala mkatikati mwa mzindawo. Ndipo masiku ano, pa phiri. Iye ankawoneka kuti yaitali mpaka likuyenderera mu mzinda Klyazma. Amatchedwa Khirisimasi obisika.

Mu Middle Ages kwa Vladimir Kremlin ili m'malire Pechernego mzinda. Kum'mawa kwa gawo adjoined ake dzenje ndi chiunda chomenyerapo nkhondo. Mu kumpoto kwa boma la Russia anapita pa msewu amakono Bolshaya Moskovskaya, ndi ku madzulo a boma la Russia womangika Nicholas Church ndi makumbi. Masiku ano, nyumba imeneyi ndi mbali yaikulu ndi liwulo ndi silhouette mumzindawo. Limatithandiza chachikulu cha floodplain otsika.

History Kremlin

Malinga ndi miyambo yanuyo agulupa, amene anali ngati maziko mapangidwe a Vladimir Kremlin, anaonekera mu 1175. Ake omwe anaikidwa Bogolyubskii m'dera Prince Andrew, amene anali wotchuka chifukwa chakuti iye Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu wapanga yapadera kwambiri ndi ubwino pa anansi ake, kenako anakhala mmodzi wa malo boma Russian.

Mu 1192 kale kalonga watsopano wotchedwa Vsevolod, amene dzina la Nest Big, anakhazikitsidwa mu malo awa woyera mwala tchalitchi. Mlatho zinayi chipilala anamanga kugwilizana ndi miyambo yonse ya Vladimir-Suzdal zomangamanga kuti kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XII. Kwa nthaŵi tchalitchi, mwatsoka, wanena sanapulumuke.

Mu 1219, ndi kudzipereka wapadera wa kachisi, ngakhale panthawi imeneyo iye komabe sanali anamaliza mpaka kumapeto. Mu 1230 iye anatsegula Archimandrite, ndipo patapita nthawi anakhala wa amonke waukulu Mkhristu lonse la North-East la Russia. Zinali pano mu 1263 anapeza otsiriza malo okhalamo dzina lake Aleksandr Nevsky.

Motero, udindo wa agulupa yoyamba Vladimir (kenako Moscow) anadutsa ku Rozhen obisika. M'njira imeneyi, iye chinakhalapo mpaka 1561, pamene mutu aulemu wadutsa kwa Utatu-Sergio Lavra.

Stone kumanga obisika a dzikoli mu zaka za m'ma XVII. Mu 1654, belu nsanja zikuoneka ngati mizati olemekezeka ndi mbali zitatu. Mu 1659 anamanga khungu. Sitepe lofunika kunyumba yake chitukuko anapanga, pamene iyo inasonyeza rector mu Archimandrite Vincent. Panthawi imeneyi, ife Anamanga zipinda mwala, komanso thupi fraternal.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma izi padali Chipata Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu, amene ali mwachindunji pafupi ndi malo a refectory lapansi.

Mbiri posachedwapa obisika ndi

Zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo anatitumiza ku Vladimir kwa Alexander Nevsky Lavra pamene Peter I. Mu nthawi yomweyo, ambiri a m'gawo la obisika anali wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba ndi makoma mwala ndi nsanja. Kuyambira 1744 ukugwira ntchito nyumba bishopu pa Vladimir m'dera. Mu 1748 bishopu kumanga mwala chipinda.

Kale mu pamakoma XIX m'ma zayamba kumangidwanso, mkati mwa maselo zinasintha. Siteji yotsatira kusintha kwa Vladimir Kremlin, amene chithunzi m'nkhani ino, amagwirizana ndi nyengo ya boma Russia, Alexander II. Iwo anayamba kukonzanso wina ndi kubwezeretsa obisika ndi tchalitchi naye. Mu 1859, thupi fraternal anamanga ku mwala outbuilding. Mkati ndi maonekedwe a thupi zimasiyana kwambiri.

Boma akumeneko selo nyumba, overhauled mu 1867 adasandulika mpingo chipata ndi refectory. Pa nthawi yomweyo anasintha maonekedwe Episcopal zipinda.

Mu ulamuliro wa Soviet,

Mu Soviet Union, mbiri ya Vladimir Kremlin, zithunzi chimene m'nkhani ino, lasintha kwambiri. Mu 1930, mkulu wa makonsolo wathyola belu nsanja ndi tchalitchi. Kenako nyumba obisika mobwerezabwereza anakonza, ndi zovuta anali anamanga nyumba ochepa. Ambiri a nyumba ya kupulumuka anapangidwa ndi njerwa, pulasitala ndi kupenta.

Khirisimasi obisika yokha ndi wapadera kwa mzinda chinthu. Pamodzi ndi ozungulira nyumba ndipamene konse wapadera ndi zazikulu tanthauzo la m'mbiri. Kuti anapulumuka zogona ndi woganizirana nyumba kalembedwe Baroque. Ngakhale awiri, agulupa ndi lero Zikuoneka kuti ife kumapeto nyumba akale wamasiku kugawa kwaulere.

boma la Russia

The gulu loyimba mapulani a Vladimir Kremlin anafotokoza m'nkhani ino, Ayala kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa. mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana trapezoid ndi. Kum'mawa limachokera kwa dzenje, ndi phiri kum'mwera yochepa. Kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa pali maselo a Khirisimasi obisika.

Ngati mwaganiza kukaona Vladimir Kremlin, zimakopa review udzakhala wokwanira. Kupatula Cathedral kale za kubadwa kwa Yesu mwa Namwali, izo ndi belu nsanja, limene ndi mpingo Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Mapulani zovuta zikuphatikizapo Chipata Mpingo wa St. Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo, komanso nyumba yopemphereramo Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Alendo akhoza kufika kokha Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu, Chipata Mpingo wa St. Ioanna Predtechi, boma akumeneko selo, kudali-chipata, nyumba obisika, pa Chikumbutso Cross, ndiponso bishopu mwamseri thupi, kuyang'ana pa nsanja ndi mpanda.

kopanda Cathedral

Palinso Vladimir Kremlin (kremlin mbiri limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi) ndi Mfundo Cathedral. Iye anaonekera mu ulamuliro wa Prince Vladimir Andreya Bogolyubskogo.

kutchalitchi wamangidwa kwa mwala woyera, umene makamaka anabweretsa malo pomanga Volga Bulgaria. Kumanga linayamba 1158. Koma mu 1185-m, mu nyumba ina yosatha, panali ameja moto umene aononga kwambiri zimene kale. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mpingo anangokhala mutu umodzi, koma kutalika chomwecho chimene chiri kwambiri kuposa St. Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev, ndipo ngakhale Novgorod.

Anayamba kulamulira , Prince Vsevolod ya Big Nest Mfundo Cathedral anawonjezera awiri machaputala anayi. Iye anasintha mu 1408, pamene utoto frescoes ake ndi zizindikiro za Andrei Rublev yekha anafika. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti frescoes anasunga lero. Ena a iwo akhoza kukumana ndi alendo amene asankha kukaona lero Vladimir Nyumba ya boma la Russia.

"New" ndi "vetchany" mzinda

Western gawo mbiri ya Vladimir ankatchedwa "latsopano" mzinda. Ngakhale kalelo unali utazunguliridwa ndi makoma aakulu. Chitetezo adani anali okonzeka migodi pafupifupi 9 mamita mkulu. Anadula makoma matabwa a linga la. Poyamba, mu gawo ili la wakale chipata nsanja mumzinda anayi, atatu omwe adamangidwa monga matabwa.

"Vetchany" kapena "lakale", mzinda lake lili kum'mawa kwa Vladimir akale. Ili apa Posad. Kudera limeneli, limene linali kunja boma la Russia, Vladimir, amene mbiri wadziwa nkhondo zambiri. Choncho, detachment, amene anali mu mpanda wa boma la Russia, nthawi zonse anali kuteteza m'tauni.

Mu masiku a kalonga Andreya Bogolyubskogo gawo ili la mzindawo unali pakati pa makoma matabwa ndi mitengo. Pomwepo pali ena woyera mwala zipata, amene amadziwika ngati Silver. Komabe, malinga matabwa kwambiri lawola pa nthawi. Izo chifukwa cha gawo ili kum'mawa kwa mzinda wotchedwa "vetchany". Izi mawu m'njira zamakono lofanana ndi "lakale."

Mu 1157, Vladimir anali mmodzi wa m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia. chakuti Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii anatenga mutu wa Grand Duke. Iye anamuuza atadya, kuwonjezera Vladimir, Suzdal akadali wogwidwa ndi kukula, komanso Moore ndi Kiev. Komanso musaiwale kuti Smolensk, Ryazan ndi Novgorod, iye anali akuluakulu wake. autocracy otere anayambitsa kusakhutira wamkulu pakati boyars, amene anayesa kupewa wa Bogolyubsky mtheradi.

Oopa zipolowe, Andrew nayamba akonzekeretse ndi mpanda dongosolo kumbuyo mu dera Vladimir. Iye Zinkafunikiradi yachifumu bwino otetezedwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha mbiri tikudziwa kuti nsanja ndi makoma aatali izo sanali kusunga.

Mu 1174, iye anamva imfa ndi olemekezeka ake m'mudzi Bogolyubovo.

Chitata kuwukira

Vladimir Kremlin, amene adiresi Communal mbadwa, 70, anakumana ndi kuwukira mwakhama Chitata Mongol. Ngakhale nkhani zandale ndiponso zachuma a mumzindawo, lomwe ndi nkhani imeneyi, wakhala kwambiri kuonongedwa ndi Batu Khan. Iwo unali umodzi wa mizinda yoyamba kuti anadwala nkhondo ya Chitata Mongol. Mu 1238, anthu achilendo ambiri asilikali pafupi ndi mpanda wa mzindawu. Kumenyana kutsogozedwa ndi ana Vsevolodovich, dzina lake Vsevolod ndi Mstislav.

Iwo akufuna kumenyana ndi adani, koma asilikali amene ankateteza mzinda anali wamng'ono kwambiri. Ambiri mwa asilikali Russian anapita pa mtsinje Dikira, kumene zikuluzikulu mndandanda wa asilikali Russian analengeza. Pachifukwa ichi, kazembe m'dera Peter Oslyadyukovich amene anatsogolera chitetezo cha Vladimir, anaganiza zoti asachotse chitetezo ku migodi ya.

The Tartars sizinayende anaganiza kuukira bwino zokhalamo Vladimir Kremlin. Iwo anadikira. Batu anamanga msasa kutsogolo kwa Golden Chipata. Anakwanitsa kulanda zinthu Suzdal ndi Vladimir sankafuna kumenyana onse.

Mu nkhani iyi, Chitata anali kuyesera kuti ajambule otsutsa mu atasemphana lotseguka. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ngakhale kuphedwa achinyamata kalonga Vladimir Yuryevich, amene anatengedwa mkaidi pa Nkhondo ya Moscow. Ambiri mwina, pambuyo Mstislav, Vsevolod anayamba kuyesera kubwezera m'bale wake.

mzinda Sturm

Mu February, ndi Chitata anayamba bombardment kwakukulu kwa Vladimir Kremlin. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito zida wazingidwa. amaikira kumbuyo kwa mzindawo, anayesa ngakhale kuti mudzipereke. Koma achinyamata Vsevolod, yemwe anachoka ndi mphatso kukhazikitsa mtendere, anaphedwa pa malamulo a Batu.

The bombardment la mpanda wa Vladimir Kremlin anakomoka. Komabe, zokometsera anali wokhoza kusunga chitetezo cha m'dera la New Town. Tsiku lotsatira kuukira anali mobwerezabwereza. Akuletsa kusiya kokha Golden Chipata. Ndime yaikulu khoma pafupi ndi chipata kum'mwera anawonongedwa.

Chitata Mongolia kugonjetsa ngalande ndi kuthyola mu mzinda pa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Ndi usana iye potsiriza analandidwa.

Vladimir ikuchepa

Atagonjetsedwa wa Chitata Mongolia kufunika kwa mzinda malo amphamvu chuma ndi ndale wagwa kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo Iye anapitiriza yokhala chimodzi cha m'mizinda ikuluikulu Russian. Motero, mu 1299 n'kumene linaikidwa pa okhala metropolitans Russian.

Anasiya kufunika kwake geopolitical ya m'mudzi m'zaka XIV. Palm anasamukira ku Moscow. Kumanganso Vladimir ndi Kremlin lake linayamba mu ulamuliro wa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. mzinda anayamba kukonza malinga, amene anadza sakuyendetsa wapadera.

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII

Vladimir Kremlin, mbiri ndi kufotokoza zimene zili m'nkhani ino, m'zaka XVIII, zatenganso mbali yofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe cha mzinda. Ngakhale lamulo la Peter Ine unakhazikitsidwa ndi Province Moscow. Vladimir wakhala zimachitika ngati umodzi mwa mizinda akuzigawo.

Pankhaniyi, kwa dziko ngati mzinda wonse ochuluka kutaya kufunika kwake. Izi zinali makamaka Aleksandra Nevskogo zakale anali kuwapititsa ku St. Petersburg kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa likulu latsopano. Pambuyo akuluakulu udindo waukulu, ndipo onse anayamba kuchitika kawirikawiri mu Vladimir.

Tsopano boma la Russia wakhala pang'ono chabe. Ambiri pafupifupi inawonongedwa.