Goncharov, "An Nkhani Wamba": mwachidule ndi mbiri ya

Khumi. Ndi kwambiri kapena pang'ono? zaka khumi pambuyo buku la buku lake Pushkin mu vesi "Eugene Onegin" ndi Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov ndinaganiza kusintha kwa "nthawi ya ngwazi za." Iye anamvetsetsa makhalidwe maganizo ake zaka ndipo anazindikira kuti maganizo awa ndi kulingalira anali kuthila pa pepala ...

Nyengo yatsopano ... latsopano otchulidwa

Moyo zolimira. Dziko anasintha ... aganiza wolemba kupendanso modernity imfa Pushkin a, amene anali fano la ubwana wake. imfa yake anamulira "imfa ya mayi ake." buku latsopano pakati wamng'ono Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani" - otchedwa buku loyamba ndi olemba. Cholinga chake chinali odzitukumula, zinali zovuta kuderera. Mwachikulu, buku latsopano ndi mabuku kwambiri Russian za m'ma XIX akuti, yotsatira pambuyo Pushkin ndi Lermontov! Ivan Aleksandrovich, ntchito pa bukhu, anaonetsa kuzindikira moyenera, kupereka mkalengedwe kanu nkhani mwapang'onopang'ono, maganizo ndi atasemphana maganizo. Wolemba ankaganiza kuti sangathenso Eugene Onegin, "superfluous munthu" ku dziko la kwawo, kusonyeza zenizeni za chitukuko. Sangachite izo zinali ndi Pechorin.

Za anthu a mapangidwe latsopano Ndanyerezera kuti alembe buku "Wamba Nkhani" Goncharov. Mbiri ya ntchito chisinthiko. Tikumbukenso kuti anali mfumu yoyamba ya Roma Goncharova. Pamaso buku, iye ankawerenga izo mu Maikova banja. kusintha ndiye anayambitsa akufuna Valerianom Maykovym. Ndipo kokha pamene mankhwala nsangala adavomereza Belinsky, Ivan buku lanu lofalitsidwa. Zosiyana, anauziridwa ndi Russian mabuku wotsutsa №1 (Belinsky), wokonzeka kugula buku latsopano ndi lolembedwa pa chikuto cha "Oumba" Nkhani wamba. "

Chidule cha mitu ali kukhudzana Nkhani kumatanthauza dongosolo buku kupanga magawo awiri, ndi epilogue.

kamangidwe

M'buku lake latsopano, wolemba zikuoneka kuti anaganiza kuyamba ngakhale mu "dziko la Pushkin," ie, mu dzina tingachipeze powerenga, amene ankalamulidwa ndi olemekezeka Local ndi kumaliza ndi kale anayambitsa "dziko latsopano" - bourgeois: .. mwa obereketsa ndi careerists. Goncharov anafotokoza awiriwa machitidwe yamakolo, magawo awiri motsatizana mu chitukuko cha anthu Russian. Onani kuti ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo lake ntchito, chopereka zikuluzikulu mabuku dziko anapanga Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani" wachititsa zosiyanasiyana ndemanga. Komabe, otsutsa onse anagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi: buku ndi yake, Koma kutero. Mwa njira, mu njira ya ntchito kulemba anaima Ivan Goncharov kukonza maganizo chidwi kuti onse Russian realist Kunena za m'ma XIX chinayambira Roma Pushkina.

Makwangwala Olimbana ku malo mu St. Petersburg

Gawo loyamba la ntchito yake ndi nditaona powonekera akuyamba nkhani Ivan Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani" ikuyamba ndi kusiyidwa mmodzi wa atchulidwa pa, Aleksandrom Fedorovichem Aduevym, mwana wa osauka noblewoman m'dera Anna Pavlovna Adueva, banja lake malo Makwangwala Olimbana. Munda akulamulira chipwirikiti: anasokoneza mayi wachikondi amatenga mwana wake ... chochitika ichi ndi kukhudza ndi n'zolakwika.

Owerenga nthawi yomweyo amatha kusunga dongosolo lililonse la unreformed Russia: serfdom anatembenuka inatera zigawo (m'chilankhulo cha Wotsirizira Romana Goncharova) mu "tulo". Ngakhale pamene pali "muyeso wanu": "pamaso nkhomaliro" ndi "madzulo," ndipo nyengo ofunitsitsa ndi ntchito m'munda.

zaka makumi awiri a Alexander masamba ndi valet Evseev, amene akutiitanira kutumikira wamng'ono mbuye Agrippina. The Makwangwala Olimbana anakhalabe mayi, mlongo, Sonia mu chikondi naye. Pa tsiku kuchoka kwa Alexander anathamangira kwa mailosi makumi asanu Pospelov bwenzi kukumbatira lililonse tiwonana ena.

Kalembedwe ulaliki ndi wosiyana ndi mmene nthawi yake kulemba mabuku Roma Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani" otchulidwa kuti akuoneka kuti kuwuluridwa mu njira yachibadwa ya nkhani munthu wamba, osati ngati ntchito zolembalemba (buku si mwachidule). Zamkatimu m'buku kwagona kunja sizikuwoneka wolemba, ndi meditator, bwenzi wa m'nthawi zotchulidwa.

Za zolinga Adueva

Mu lake malo banja, Alexander ndithudi zachitika. Ngati iye anakhala mu Makwangwala Olimbana, moyo m'tsogolo izo zikanakhala, ndithudi, chabwino yotsirizidwa. Umoyo wa ake anayeza anasonkhanitsa kukolola, sanafune kuti khama. Young mbuye basi osasamala kuli anali chikhalidwe akwaniritsa m'dera lino. Komabe, chithunzi ichi zolembalemba - wamng'ono mwinimunda - ndi wachifundo wolemba Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani" choncho kufotokoza ake lili Izitu n'zovutitsa wabwino ... amakopeka Kodi iye St. Petersburg? Iye analemba ndakatulo ndi kuyesa dzanja lake pa prose, maloto ulemerero. Iwo amakhala ndi chikakamizo maloto. Chinachake amatikumbutsa nyumba yosungiramo katundu wake Lermontov Lena: zilizonse, ndi mkulu kudzidalira ...

N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi kwambiri? Choyamba, kuwerenga mabuku French. wolemba anatchula mu nkhani yake. Izi "shagreen" Balzac, "Maulendo a Mdyerekezi" Soulier, komanso otchuka "sopo zopeka", amati pakati pa XIX m'ma Europe ndi Russia: «Les sept péchés capitaux», «Le manuscrit vert», «L'âne mort».

chakuti Alexander Aduev kwenikweni anatenga zilizonse ndi zabwino kaonedwe pa moyo, anatengedwa kuchokera mabuku, zikusonyeza Ivan Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani" mu nkhani slovoizyasneny Alexander lili mawu a Kunena "Green Manuscript" (G. Drouin), "Atar-Gul" (E. Sue) ... Ndi wolemba pang'ono chisoni imati mabuku onse amene "kudwala" yekha unyamata wake. Ndiye wolemba analemba za ntchito yake kuti iye anasonyeza kuti 'ndi ena monga choncho, "kupangitsa chimfine, molimba, mpikisano Petersburg (a malo" kupanga ntchito ") pa" Azimayi zabwino ".

Ganizo buku la: mkangano maganizo

Koma tiyeni adzabwerera kachiwiri kwa buku la ... Chachiwiri, Alexander anabweretsa kwa mzindawo pa Neva Mwachitsanzo m'bale wa bambo akewo, Peter Adueva, zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, anachokera chigawo cha St. Petersburg ndi "amene anapeza njira yake." Chakuti nkhondo worldview zatchulidwazi anthu ndiponso analemba Roma Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani" - si tiyerekeze pa moyo wa anthu awiri, mzimu wa nthawi.

Chidule cha buku, motero tichipeza mu zosiyana ndi maiko awiri. Mmodzi - dreamy, apamwamba, pachinyezi ulesi ndi zina - yeniyeni, lidzadzala ndi odziwa ntchito chofunika, "weniweni". Kuyenera anazindikira kuti wolemba Ivan Goncharov anatha kuona ndi kuonetsa anthu kuwerenga ndi imodzi nkhondo yaikulu ya 40 ntchentche za m'ma XIX: pakati barshchina za makolo akale ndipo akutulukira moyo malonda. Zimaonetsa mbali khalidwe la dziko latsopano: kulemekeza ntchito, rationality, Luso, udindo chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, kulemekeza bwino, rationality, chilango.

Kufika a mphwake

Kodi kuyankha kubwera kwa mzukulu Petersburg a aang'ono? Kwa iye, umenewu unali ngati zosayembekezereka. Iye sanasangalale nazo. Inde, pa mapewa ake, kuwonjezera nkhawa mwachizolowezi, kalata mwana wamkazi wa Anna Pavlovna (mayi wa Alexander) naively apatsidwa wosamalira mwana infantile ndipo kwambiri mokhudza ndi aluntha. Zochitika zambiri monga amalenga izi n'zolakwika Roma Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani", mwachidule zomwe ife azipereka m'nkhani ino apitirize kuwerenga makalata olembedwa ndi amayi Adueva popanda zopumira ndipo anatumiza pamodzi ndi "kadochkoy uchi" ndi thumba la "raspberries zouma." Pamafunikanso pempho kholo "osati kusokoneza" mwana wake ndipo penyani iye. Pavlova komanso anauzidwa kuti ndalama adzapereka mwana wake yekha. Komanso analemba kalata muli zopempha zoposa khumi kwa anansi amene ankamudziwa makumi awiri mnyamata pang'ono kunyamuka kwa St. Petersburg, ku pempho m'ngalawamo, mu litigation zokumbukira chikondi cha mnzake wakale wa ake analepheretsa kamodzi achikasu. Amalume anali kuwerenga kalata, osati kupereka mitima ya ubwenzi mphwake, anaganiza kuti adzampatsa mogwirizana, motsogozedwa ndi "malamulo a chilungamo ndi chifukwa."

Thandizo Adueva Sr.

Peter Ivanovich bwino kaphatikizidwe yotumikira anthu ndi ntchito za chuma (nthawi yomweyo ali breeder), mosiyana ndi mphwake amakhala chosiyana, ndi bizinesi, "youma" dziko. Iye amadziŵa n'zachabechabe mawu a maganizo pa dziko la ntchito a mphwake, ndipo izo zikusonyeza kuti m'buku lake Goncharov ( "Wamba Nkhani"). A chidule cha kusiyana maganizo sadzakhala kufotokoza, koma kuti ndi chigonjetso cha dziko zakuthupi.

Petro youma ndi businesslike undertakes mphwake accustom moyo m'tawuni. Iye amathandiza wachinyamata nyumba, thandizo kubwereka nyumba nyumba kumene akukhala. Aduev Sr. Alexander akufotokoza mmene bungwe moyo wanu, kumene kudya bwino. Amalume sangathe mlandu chosasamala. Iye akuyang'ana kwa mzukulu wake ntchito lolingana maganizo: Mabaibulo a nkhani pa nkhani ya ulimi.

Social anatengera Alexander

Wa Petersburg moyo ntchito pang'onopang'ono othandiza mnyamatayo. Patatha zaka ziwiri kale ali ndi malo apamwamba mu nyumba kusindikiza: osati kumasulira kwa nkhani ino, koma amanyamula iwo, owerenga zofunika kukonza nkhani za anthu ena analemba pa nkhani ya ulimi. Kuti mudziwe lathu chikhalidwe Adueva Jr., limafotokoza nkhani mu buku Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani", mwachidule zomwe tiganizire, ndi za mnyamata zinachitika kusintha: kuvomerezedwa kwa boma-malamulo mawonedwe.

Zokhumudwitsa m'chikondi ndi mnzake

Alexander ali ndi chikondi chatsopano, Nadia Lyubetskaya. Sonia ku Makwangwala Olimbana kale kunja kwa mtima. Alexander mtima m'chikondi ndi Nadya, iye maloto izo mwanzeru ... mtsikana wakonda Werengerani Novinsky. Young Aduev kwathunthu kutaya mutu wake ndi chilakolako, amafuna kuitana Chiwerengero kuti duel a. Ndi kuphulika ngati chilakolako simungathe kusamalira ngakhale amalume. Pa nthawi imeneyi, buku anayambitsanso kwambiri nuance Ivan Goncharov. "Wamba Nkhani" limatiuza kuti chikondi cha mavuto oopsa (mwina oopsa kudzipha) amathandiza wina chikondi - mkazi wa Peter Ivanovich, Aunt Alexandra, Lizaveta Alexandrovna. Mnyamatayo misala, iye anachezeredwa ndi loto, koma sasamala malo ake. Komabe, ndiye akuyembekezera kuti nkhonya latsopano la tsoka.

Mwangozi ku St. Petersburg pa Nevsky Prospekt amaona ubwana bwenzi Pospelov. Alexander adakondweretsa: Chabwino potsiriza anaonekera pafupi amene inu nthawi zonse kupeza thandizo amene magazi si ozizira ... koma aliyense ali yemweyo yekha mu maonekedwe, khalidwe lake lasintha kwambiri, zinadziwika unpleasantly aganyu ndi kuwerengetsa.

Amalume anakopa mphwake

Alexander ndi maganizo kwathunthu kukhulupirika, umboni ndi buku "Wamba Nkhani". Oumba Komabe, ndiye limatiuza mmene kunyengerera achinyamata Adueva Amapatsa moyo amalume ake. Iye ali wanzeru ndi olimbika mphwake udzabwerera kwa zenizeni m'moyo, kuyamba akumunena heartlessness. Alexander akugwirizana ndi mawu a Peter Ivanovich kuti ayenera kulemekezedwa kuposa anthu amene amamukonda ndi kumusamalira mu dziko lenileni (mayi, amalume, azakhali) ndipo zochepa kuuluka zongopeka mu dziko. Aduev Sr. successively anafotokoza mphwake kukhala wanzeru. Pakuti nthawi zonse, sitepe ndi sitepe (madzi amavala mwalawo) nawatsimikizira kupenda aliyense chilakolako ayezi Adueva junior mu mawu a zinachitikira anthu ena.

Pomaliza, kulimbana kwake ndi Romanticism mphwake Peter Ivanovich amachita manyazi mwachangu. Amaona kusonyeza Alexander mphamvu yeniyeni ya luntha lake zolembalemba. Pakuti Aduev izi Sr. ngakhale kupita nsembe zina zakuthupi. Iye amapereka mphwake monga kuyesera kufalitsa nkhani yake m'dzina lake. Yankho anali kusindikiza Crusher chifukwa novice wokhala wolemba ... Umenewo unali mophiphiritsa, kuwombera, kenako adzaphedwa kuti chikondi.

Quid ovomereza quo

Tsopano, mphwake, amalume ndi kulankhula ntchito yomweyo, youma lilime, palibe likukuvutitsani kwa mtima. Otchuka moyo otha Alexander ... Iye amagwirizana kuthandiza amalume ake pa nkhani ya oipa zokwanira. Amalume vuto: mnzanu wake, Surkov Umasiya kukhala bwenzi odalirika mchikakamizo cha chilakolako. Akugwa mu chikondi ndi mkazi wamasiye Tafaevu Yulia Pavlovna. Aduev Sr. akufunsa mphwake ulesi Surkov mtsikana kugwa m'chikondi ndi mu ndekha kuti Alexander zikhoza kuchitidwa. Komabe, ichi ndicho ubwenzi wake ndi Tafaevoy m'masunagoge, ndi kukula mu chilakolako mangawawo. Achikondi Julia Pavlovna musakakamize achinyamata Adueva chigumula maganizo Alexander sanakhazikike mayeso a chikondi.

Psychological onenepa Adueva Jr.

Pyotr amalowerera kunyengerera Tafaevu. Komabe, Alexander umtenga mphwayi wathunthu. Iwo lokhazikika, zikugwirizana ndi Kostikov, amene analimbikitsa Peter Ivanovich. Ndi boma, osati dziko lililonse lauzimu ndi kuganiza. Chilango - yosangalala "kusewera njuga kapena nsomba" moyo wopanda "kutengeka." Mmodzi azakhali Lizaveta Alexandrovna, kuyesera kuti uyitakase akamaona lonse la Alexander, anafunsa iye kuti ayende makonsatiwo.

Mothandizidwa ndi adamva kuyimba zeze chibwenzi Alexander wasankha kuleka kubwerera kunyumba lochepa, Makwangwala Olimbana. Iye akubwera ku munda wake kunyumba ndi mtumiki wokhulupirika Yevseyev.

Short kupeza wekha

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti adzabwerenso "Petersburger" Aduev Jr. kale mosiyana, osati unyamata amaona njira yabata ya mwininyumba chuma. Iye anaona olemera ndi zonse wamba ntchito, mayi nkhawa zonse. Alexander akuyamba mwakuya kupendanso kuti ambiri a iwo amene anawamasulira pa ulimi yofalitsa kuchokera kumapeto, ndipo anatengedwa kuwerenga mabuku akatswiri.

Pavlova N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti moyo wa mwana ataya ndi makani kale, ndipo iye anali wadazi, stouter kuti anameza whirlpool ya moyo wa Petersburg. Mama amafuna kuti kukhala mu nyumba matsanga abwerera, koma dikirani - afa. Pakuti mbali yaikulu buku, amene moyo lidzayeretsedwa mavuto abwera kumvetsa mfundo zenizeni za chikhulupiriro choona. Komabe, pa mlingo zauzimu tidzayesedwa kukhala posachedwapa. Alexander anabwerera ku St. Petersburg.

ndi "anthu wamba," nkhani iti?

Kuyambira epilogue timaphunzira kuti Aduev Jr. amakhala collegiate mlangizi, anali ndi ndalama m'malo chachikulu, ndipo iye akwatire mkazi wolemera (malowolo mkwatibwi adzafa zikwi mazana atatu inde ndi mazana asanu serfs) mu zaka zinayi.

Banja la amalume anatenga kusintha zosiyana. Aduev Sr. adza kwa impasse zoonekeratu, kumene kumakhala amakankhira ntchito yake dziko. Inde, moyo wake wonse kwathunthu subordinated kwa ntchito, malonda, utumiki. Chifukwa chuma iye kwathunthu anasiya makhalidwe ake kusandulika yekha ku mbali ya makina limodzi.

Elizabeth A. anataya chikondi chake, kukhala bata dona. Ndi kumapeto kwa buku wakhala "kunyumba chipangizo kupereka chitonthozo," musavutike mkazi wa maganizo, nkhawa ndi mafunso. Goncharov chimasonyeza kuti latsopano bourgeois anthu, monga za makolo akale ndipo ang'onoang'ono, akhoza kuwononga khalidwe la mkazi. metamorphosis Izi mwadzidzidzi kusokonezedwa Pyotr, amene akufuna kusiya ntchito yake ndi kusiya phungu bwalo ndi mkazi likulu. Iye ali mu epilogue m'buku lakuti apandukire anthu, ndi wochititsa amene chidwi ndi mu buku la.

Dziwani: musaphonye zochitika za buku la

• Pali yanthaŵi imene Tingaone mtima wapadera kuti Pushkin Goncharova. Atangofika ku St. Petersburg Alexander Aduev zimapita kwa Mkuwa pamahatchi (amodzi mwa malo ankakonda Aleksandrom Sergeevichem).
• Kwambiri chikondi analenga Goncharov chithunzi yotentha Petersburg, Neva, zimene wolemba wa White Mausiku ... zidutswa Izi luso mkulu kalasi ya buku la. Iwo ayenera ngakhale nthawi awerenge. Goncharov - Maestro!

Pomaliza

Chitsanzo cha azimuth ake nthawi chimaonetsedwa buku Goncharov a. "Wamba Nkhani" amasanthula lodalirika m'mbiri komanso limasonyeza kuti 40 ntchentche za m'ma XIX wayamba, ndi 60 a peaked kuchuluka kwa nduna osauka ndi anthu wamba mu Petersburg, wofunitsitsa kuti ntchito ndi malo akatswiri. Nkofunika, inu mukuona, icho chinali mbali ya makhalidwe abwino. Chifukwa cha zimene athamangisa mnyamata kutumikira Lathu, kapena kungoti kuti ntchito zivute zitani?

Komabe, kuwonjezera pa chigawo vuto, Roman Goncharova n'kopindulitsa unquestionable luso. M'pamene chiyambi cha chilengedwe cha novelists Russian zofunikila chithunzi chenicheni owazungulira. M'nkhani yake, "Kulibwino mochedwa kuposa kale," Ivan Goncharov adafotokoza owerenga (lomwe, mwatsoka, sanapange aliyense Dob kapena Belinsky), kuti atatu a mabuku ake, woyamba umene unali "A Common Nkhani" Ndipotu, ndi trilogy umodzi za nyengo ya dziko lalikulu la kugona ndi maso. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti kwathunthu zolembalemba mkombero wa mabuku atatu nthawi yake analenga Goncharov ( "Oblomov", "Open", "Wamba Nkhani").