Gregory Calendar: Mbiri ya chiyambi ndi waukulu makhalidwe

Gregory kalendala - ambiri pa dongosolo kuchuluka dzina la Papa Gregory XII, amene anaumirira M'mawu ake oyamba mu dziko Katolika. Anthu ambiri molakwa kuti anali Gregory, ndipo anabwera ndi dongosolo Komabe, siziri choncho. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, kudzoza chachikulu mfundo imeneyi anali dokotala Italy Aloysius, amene theoretically m'Malemba kufunika kusintha analipo kale nyengo iyi.

Vuto la Kuwerengera nthawi zonse anali zochepa zokha, chifukwa cha zimene analandira monga poyambira ndipo kodi tsiku, mwezi ndi chaka, makamaka zimadalira chitukuko cha sayansi m'mbiri yakale dziko ndi dziko lapansi nzika wamba.

Panali ndipo pali ya kachitidwe kuchuluka: ena kutenga monga maziko lamulo la mwezi padziko lapansi, mfundo zina Buku kuganizira chilengedwere dziko lapansi, wachitatu - kusiya Muhammad ku Mecca. Mu otukuka ambiri, wina ndi kusintha wolamulira zinachititsa kuti kusintha mu kalendala. Pankhaniyi, mmodzi wa mavuto chachikulu ndi chakuti ngakhale tsiku lapadziko, chaka chilichonse cha padziko lapansi sakhalitsa mu chiwerengero chonse cha maola ndi masiku, funso lonse - chochita ndi zotsalira otsala?

Munthu woyamba anali machitidwe bwino kwambiri otchedwa Julian kalendala, dzina lake pambuyo Gayo Yuliya Tsezarya, gulu la zomwe Iye anaonekera. The luso chachikulu ndicho kuti chaka chachinai Chinawonjezeka tsiku lina. chaka chino chinali kutchedwa tumphatumpha chaka.

Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa chaka adzatumpha lokha pa vuto ankawachotsera. Pa dzanja limodzi, anapitiriza, ngakhale mwamsanga monga kale, kudziunjikira kusiyana pakati pa chaka kalendala ndi mvula, ndi wina - tsiku la Pasaka imagwera pa masiku osiyana la sabata, ngakhale, mu maganizo ambiri a Akatolika, Pasaka inayenera kugwera pa Sunday .

Mu 1582, pambuyo kuwerengetsera ambiri ndi zochokera kuwerengetsera zolondola zakuthambo, kumadzulo kwa Ulaya kunali kusintha kwa kalendala ya Gregory. Chaka chino m'mayiko ambiri European yomweyo pambuyo October 4 anabwera cisanu.

Kalendala ya Gregory zikufanana kwambiri zinthu zofunika za kuloŵedwa m'malo: chaka zachilendo ndipo imakhala masiku 365 ndipo tumphatumpha - kuchokera 366, chiwerengero cha masiku zimasiyanasiyana yekha mu February - 28 kapena 29. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi kuti amakonda Gregory kalendala ku adzatumpha onse zaka zimene multiples wa zana, kupatula divisible ndi 400. kuwonjezera, ngati kalendala ya Julius chaka chatsopano ali woyamba wa September kapena woyamba wa March, latsopano dongosolo kuchuluka poyamba ananena December 1, kenako ankatembenukira kwa imelo mwachitsanzo kwa mwezi umodzi.

Mu Russia, mchikakamizo cha Mpingo wa kalendala latsopano kwa nthawi yaitali ife sanamuzindikire, kukhulupirira kuti mwa ndondomeko yake yonse ya zochitika Evanjeriko linathyoka. Kalendala ya Gregory chinafika ku Russia okha pa chiyambi cha 1918 pambuyo Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira, mwamsanga pamene ali woyamba wa February chinayi.

Ngakhale yolondola kwambiri, dongosolo Gregory akadali ungwiro. Komabe, ngati kalendala ya Julius, tsiku owonjezera chinapangidwa pa zaka 128, ndi Gregory kungafune 3200.